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Question: 1
Write down two difference between animals and fungi.
Answer: 1
1-40Fungi: In fungi cell wall is present.
Fungi can not move.
Question: 2
Differentiate between ectomycorrhiza and endomycorrhiza.
Answer: 2
2-40Endomycorrhiza: In this type the fungal hyphae penetrate only in to the cell walls forming,coils,swellings and minute branches and also extent out in to the surrounding soil.
Question: 3
What is major component of fungai cell wall?
Answer: 3
3-40Chitin in their cell wall is major component.
Question: 4
What is nuclear mitosis?Give example.
Answer: 4
4-40During nuclear mitosis.nuclear envelope does not break instead mitotic spindle are formed within nucleus and nuclear membrane constrict between the two cluster of daughter chromosomes.
Question: 5
What do you know about Armillaria?
Answer: 5
5-40A circular clone of Armillaria,a pathogenic fungus afflicting conifers,growing out from a central focus,has been measured upto 15 hectors.It is the world largest organisms.
Question: 6
Write resembles of fungi with plants?
Answer: 6
6-401.Like plants fungi also have cell wall.
2.Both plants and fungi don't have centrioles.
3.Plants and fungi both are non-motile.
Question: 7
Why non septate hyphae are called coenocytic hyphae?
Answer: 7
7-40Aseptate hyphae lack septa and are not divided into individual cell.Instead these are in the form of elongated multinucleate large cell.Aseptate hyphae are called coenocytic hyphae,in which cytoplasm moves effectively.
Question: 8
Differentiate between aseptate and septate hyphae.
Answer: 8
8-40Aseptate Hyphae: These hyphae lack septa and are not divided into individual cells,Instead these are in the form of elongated multinucleated large cells.Such hyphae are called coenocytic hyphae,in which cytoplasm moves effectively,distributing the material throughout.
Question: 9
How do fungi resemble animals?
Answer: 9
9-40Both animals and fungi are heterotrophic.Both have chitin in them
Question: 10
State a role of algae and fungi in lichens.
Answer: 10
10-40Fungus protect the algal partner from strong light and desiccation and it get food from algae while synthesis food for itself and also provide it to fungi.
Question: 11
Differentiate between hyphae and mycelium.
Answer: 11
11-40Hyphae : It consists of long slender,branched tubular thread like filamentous structure called hyphae.
Question: 12
Differentiate between Septate hyphaeand coenocytic hyphae.
Answer: 12
12-40Septate hyphae:These hyphae are divided by cross walls called septa into individual cells containing one or more nuclei.
Question: 13
Differentiate between Obligate parasite and facultative parasite.
Answer: 13
13-40Obligate Parasite : These parasite grow only on their living host and can not be grown on available defined growth medium in lab.
Question: 14
How budding differs from fragmentation?
Answer: 14
14-40Budding: Unicellular yeasts reproduce by budding an asymmetric division in which tiny out growth or bud is produced which may separate and grow i into new cell or by simple relatively equal cell division.
Question: 15
What are carnivorous Fungi? Give one example.
Answer: 15
15-40Carnivorous fungi are active predators.They paralyze the nematodes,penetrate them and also absorb their nutritional content,primarily to fulfil its nitrogen contents,Example Oyster mushroom.
Question: 16
What are mycorrhizae? Give its types.
Answer: 16
16-40Mycorrhiza are a mutualistic association between roots of vascular plants and fungi(about 95% of all kind of vascular plants.)
Types:ectomycorrhiza,endomycorrhizal.
Question: 17
Discuss sexual reproduction in Rhizopus.
Answer: 17
17-40Sexual reproduction in Rhizopus takes place by means of gametangial contact.First of all opposite mating types comes close to each other and they contact each other.The wall between them is dissolved and plasmography takes place,After plasmography fusion of nuclei occurs and diploid zygote is formed.
Question: 18
What is dikaryotic hyphae?
Answer: 18
18-40A fungal hyphae/cell having two nuclei of different genetic types is called dikaryotic hyphae.
Question: 19
What do you know about fragmentation in fungi?
Answer: 19
19-40Fragmentation is simple breaking of mycelium of some hyphal fungi.Each broken fragments gives rise to a new mycelium.
Question: 20
What is parasexuality?
Answer: 20
20-40Desipte absense of sexuall reproduction,imperfect fungi show special kind of genetic recombination called parasexuality in which portion of chromosomes of two nuclei laying in the same hyphae are exchanged.
Question: 21
Why some fungi called as predators?
Answer: 21
21-40The oyster mushroom paralyses the nematodes penetrate them and absorb their nutritional content.primarily to fulfill its nitrogen requirments.It fulfill its glucose requirement by breaking the wood.Some species of Arthrobotrys traps soil nematodes by forming constricting rung, their hyphae invading and digesting the unlucky victim.
Question: 22
Name method of asexual reproduction in fungi?
Answer: 22
22-40Fungi can be produced asexually by following method.
- By means of budding
- By conidia formation
- By spore formation
- By fragmentation
Question: 23
Name method of asexual reproduction in fungi.
Answer: 23
23-40Budding,spore formation ,conidia formation and fragmentation.
Question: 24
Differentiate between plasmogamy and karyogamy.
Answer: 24
24-40Karyogamy : Fusion of two nuclei is karyogamy.
Question: 25
Differentiate between rust and Smut?
Answer: 25
25-40Rust : Rust is called so because of numerous rusty orange-yellow colored disease spots on their host surface,later revealing brick/rust-red spores of the fungus.
Question: 26
Enlist six plants diseases caused to fungi.
Answer: 26
26-40Rust,smut,apple scab,root rot of cotton.
Question: 27
How Penicillium can reproduce?
Answer: 27
27-40Penicillium reproduces by means of naked spores called conidia,These are found in chains at the tip of special hyphae called conidiophores,which are branched.These conidia give color to the mycelia colony,which is circular.
Question: 28
Differentiate between Ascocarp and Basidiocarp group.
Answer: 28
28-40Ascocarp : Most sac fungi have ascii inside the macroscopic fruiting body called ascocarp.Their hyphae are septate.They have lengthy dikaryotic phase that form ascocarp.
Question: 29
name some edible fungi.
Answer: 29
29-40Mushrooms,truffles,morels
Question: 30
Compare ascus with basidium.
Answer: 30
30-40Ascus : Ascus is a sac like structure of ascomycetes in which haploid sexual spores called ascospores are formed by meiosis.
Question: 31
Give two medical importance of fungi?
Answer: 31
31-40Some fungi are the source of antibiotics and some other drugs.
- Penicillin,to be ever discovered in 1929 is obtained from penicillium notatum.
- Lovastatin is used for lowering blood cholesterol.
Question: 32
Name any four antibiotics obtain from the fungi.
Answer: 32
32-40Penicillin,lovastatin ,cyclosporine and graseoflavin.
Question: 33
Name the type of hyphae and sexual spores in sac fungi.
Answer: 33
33-40Sac fungi has two types of hyphae i.e monokaryotic and dikaryotic hyphae.The sexual spores in sac fungi are called ascospores.
Question: 34
What are aflatoxins?
Answer: 34
34-40Some strains of aspergillus produce mycotoxins called aflatoxins.Aspergillus produce mycotoxins called aflatoxins.
Question: 35
Give importance of lichens.
Answer: 35
35-40Lichens growing on rocks break them,setting stage for other organisms during the course of ecological succession.Lichen are very good bioindicators of air quality as they are very sensitive to pollution.
Question: 36
Write down importance of yeast.
Answer: 36
36-40Yeats are heavily used in genetics biological researchers because of their rapid generation and rapidly increasing pool of genetic and biochemical information.
Years was first eukaryote to be used by genetic engineers.
Question: 37
What is ringworm? Which fungus is the cause of this disease?
Answer: 37
37-40It is a skin disease.Fungus attack superficial layer of this skin and grows in a ring like form so called ringworm disease.It is caused by imperfect fungi.
Question: 38
What is histoplasmosis? Give its reasons.
Answer: 38
38-40Histoplasmosis is a serious infection disease of lungs caused by inhaling spores fungus which is common in soil contaminated with bird feces.If infection spread into bloodstream and them to other organs,It can be serious and even fatal.
Question: 39
What are hyphae and mycelium?
Answer: 39
39-40The body of fungus is called mycelium,consists of long slender,branched tubular thread like filaments called the hyphae.Hyphae spread extensively on the surface of substratum.
Question: 40
What are toadstools? Give example.
Answer: 40
40-40Toadstools are poisonous mushroom such as death cap/death angel and jack-O lantern mushroom.
