9th Class Biology Chapter 8 Short Questions with Answers Solved

Question: 1

What is teh role of boron in plants' growth.

Answer: 1

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Boron is important in sugar transport, cell division and synthesizing certain enzymes.

Question: 2

Define nutrition.

Answer: 2

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The process in which food is obtained or prepared, absorbed and converted into body substances for growth and energy is called nutrition.

Question: 3

What are heterotrophic organisms?

Answer: 3

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The organisms, which obtain their food from other organisms and use it for growth and energy, are called heterotrophic organisms.

Question: 4

What is the role of iron in plant life?

Answer: 4

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Iron is necessary for photosynthesis and activates many enzymes.

Question: 5

Define minerals.

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Minerals are inorganic elements that originate in the earth and cannot be made in body.

Question: 6

What are nutrients?

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The elements and compounds that an organism obtains and uses as energy source or for the synthesis of new materials are called nutrients.

Question: 7

Why do plants requre mineral clements.

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Plants requre minerals for various activities and structures.

Question: 8

Define ingestion.

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The process of taking in food is called ingestion.

Question: 9

What are the effects of magnesium deficiency in plants?

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Deficiency of magnesium causes yellowing and wilting of leaves.

Question: 10

What are the sources of elements to plants?

Answer: 10

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Plants absorb carbon and oxygen from air, while other elements are abosrbed from soil

Question: 11

What are harmful effects due to execessive nitrogen.

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Too much nitrogen can reduce yields, cause yellowing of the leaves and stunt growth.

Question: 12

Define digestion.

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Teh process of breaking up complex substances into simple substances is called digestion.

Question: 13

What are teh different categories of minerals?

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Minerals are divided into two categories. i. Major minerals ii. Trace minerals

Question: 14

Define absorption.

Answer: 14

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The process of diffusion of digested food into blood and lymph is called absorption.

Question: 15

What are uses of lipids?

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Lipids are used to form membranes,the sheaths surrounding neurons and certain hormones. Lipids are also extremely useful sources of energy

Question: 16

Write the role of potassium in plant life?

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In plant potassium regulates are the opening and closing of stoma.
It reduce water loss from the leaves

Question: 17

List the name of major minerals.

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Sodium,potassium, chloride, calcium,Fluoride and iodine are major minerals.

Question: 18

List the name of Trace minerals.

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Iron, Zinc,Copper,Chromium, Fluoride and iodine are face minerals.

Question: 19

Name two natural inorganic fertilizers ?

Answer: 19

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Rock phosphate
Elements sulphur
Gypsum

Question: 20

What is lipids?

Answer: 20

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The lipids present in food are are composed of fatty acids bonded to glycerol. The Fatty acids may be saturated or unsaturated.

Question: 21

How much energy is obtained per gram of lipids?

Answer: 21

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One gram of lipid contains 09 kilocalories of energy.

Question: 22

Name the two natural inorganic fertilizers

Answer: 22

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Rock phosphate
Elemental Sulphur
Gypsum

Question: 23

Difference between Autotrophs and Hetetrops ?

Answer: 23

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Autotrophs:The organisms which can prepare their food are called autotrops like plants.

Hetetrops:The organisms which cannot prepare their food are called hetetrops like animals.

Question: 24

Which foods are sources of calcium?

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Humans get calcium from milk, cheese, egg yolk, beans, nuts and cabbage etc.

Question: 25

Define Eutrophication ?

Answer: 25

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Eutrophication is increases in chemical nutrients in an ecosystem

Question: 26

What are sources of minerals?

Answer: 26

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Most of the minerals in humans diet come directly from plant and water, or indirectly from animal foods.

Question: 27

What are amino acids?

Answer: 27

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Amino acids are building blocks of proteins. These are of 20 different types.

Question: 28

Define organic and inorganic fertilizers ?

Answer: 28

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Organic fertilizers:The fertilizers which are composed on organic compounds and obtain from plants and animals are called organic fertilizers.

Inorganic fertilizers:The fertilizers which are composed on inorganic elements are called inorganic fertilizers.

Question: 29

What are proteins?

Answer: 29

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Proteins are organic compounds composed of carbon,hydrogen,oxygen and nitrogen, Proteins are composed of amino acids. These amino acids are used to produce new body protein and to replace damaged proteins.

Question: 30

Define Eutrophication

Answer: 30

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Eutrophication is increase in chemical nutrients in an ecosystem

Question: 31

What is important of fertilizers in Agriculture ?

Answer: 31

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Fertilizers increase the yield of crop, fertilizers increases the capacity of water drainage, Aeration & nutrient holding capacity of the soil .

Question: 32

What are vitamins/

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Vitamins are chemical compounds that are required in low amounts but are essential normal growth and metabolism.

Question: 33

What do you mean by vitamin

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Vitamin: Vitamins are chemical compounds that are required in low amounts but are essential for normal growth and metabolism

Question: 34

Describe the role of iron in plant life ?

Answer: 34

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Iron is necessory nutrient for photosynthesis.
Iron activate many enzyme in plant body.

Question: 35

Which foods are sources of iron.

Answer: 35

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Human get iron from red meat, egg yolk, whole, wheat fist, spinach and mustard etc.

Question: 36

What is the role of magnesium in plant ?

Answer: 36

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Magnesium is an essential component of chlorophyll molecules.
Deficiency of Magnesium cause yellowing of leaves and its wiling.
Magnesium is used in the formation of furits and Nuts. It is also essential for seed germination.

Question: 37

Write components of human food ?

Answer: 37

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Carbohydrates
Lipids
Protein
Mineral
Vitamins
Water
Dietary Fibers

Question: 38

What is the role of Nitrogen?

Answer: 38

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Nitrogen is the major component of protein, homones chlorophyll, vitamins and enzymes are essential for plant life.
Deficiency of nitrogen can reduce yields.

Question: 39

What is difference between Autotrophs and hetertrophs

Answer: 39

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Autotrophs: The organisms which can prepare their food are called autotrophs like plants

Question: 40

What are macronutrients

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Micronutrients: The nuterients which ar required by plants in less quantitiy are known as Micronuttients

Question: 41

Difference between Micronutrients and macronutrients ?

Answer: 41

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Micronutrients:The nutrient which are required by plants in less quantity are known as Micronutrients

Macronutrients:The nutrient which are required by animals in greater quantity are known as Macronutrients

Question: 42

From which sources Vitamin A can obtained

Answer: 42

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Humans get vitamin A from leafy vegetables spinach carrots yellow orange fruits mango liver fish egg milk butter etc

Question: 43

Describe the role of chlorine and nickle in plants ?

Answer: 43

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Chlorine:Involved in osmosis of water.

Nickle:Required in a nitrogen metabolism.

Question: 44

Write the name of its two kinds of fertilizers ?

Answer: 44

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Organic Fertilizer
Inorganic Fertilizer

Question: 45

What do you meant by carbohydrates

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Carbohydrates are the compounds composed of carbon and hydrogen They are basic source of energy Simplest carbohydrate is glucose

Question: 46

Define Major minerals ?

Answer: 46

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Daily requirements of major minerals is about 100 mg or more. Sodium, potassium, chloride, Calcium, Magnesium & phosphorus are its example.

Question: 47

What is the importance of fertilizers in Agriculture

Answer: 47

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Fertilizers increase the yield of crops Fertilizers increase the capacity of water drainage Aeration nutrient holding capacity of the soil

Question: 48

What is difference between Organic and Inorganic fertilizer

Answer: 48

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Organic Fertilizers: The fertilizers which are composed on organic compounds and obtained from plants and animals are called organic fertilizers

Question: 49

Describe the role of chlorine and nickel in plants

Answer: 49

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Chlorine: Involved in osmosis of water

Nickel: Required in a nitrogen metabolism

Question: 50

Define Balance Diet

Answer: 50

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A balanced diet may be defined as the one which contains all the essential nutrients carbohydrates proteins lipids minerals vitamins in correct proportion for the normal growth and development of the body It should include different types of nutrients and should be according to the energy requirements

Question: 51

Write Components of Human Food

Answer: 51

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Components of human Food:

Carbohydrates
proteins
Vitamins
Dietary Fibers
Lipids
Minerals
Water

Question: 52

Define saturated fatty acid ?

Answer: 52

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Saturated fatty acid have all of their carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms.
They are solid usually at room temperature.

Question: 53

What is ulcer treated?

Answer: 53

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Ulcer is treated with medicines which neutralize the acidic affects of gastric juice.

Question: 54

What are fertilizers

Answer: 54

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Fertilizers: Materials which are added to soil resulted in plants with desirable characteristics more fruit faster growth more attractive are called fertilizers

Question: 55

What are Lipids

Answer: 55

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Lipids: They are important food nutrients and are composed of fatty acids bonded to glycerol

Question: 56

Differentiate between Major Minerals and Trace Minerals

Answer: 56

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Major Minerals: Daily requirement of major minerals is about 100 mg or more Sodium Potassium Chloride, Calcium, Magnesium phosphorus are its examples

Question: 57

What do you mean by carbohydrates ?

Answer: 57

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Carbohydrates are the compound composed of carbon and hydrogen. they are basic source of energy. Simplest carbohydrates is glucose.

Question: 58

What are the Lipids?

Answer: 58

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They are important food nutrients and are composed of fatty acids bonded to glycerol.

Question: 59

Name the two disease cause by deficiency of vitamin D

Answer: 59

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In children vitamin D deficiency leads to rickets In adults vitamin D deficiency cause osteomalacia or softening bones increasing the risk for fractures in bones

Question: 60

Write name of Fat Soluble vitamins

Answer: 60

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Fat soluble vitamin include A,D,E AND K

Question: 61

What are water soluble vitamins

Answer: 61

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Water soluble vitamins: The vitamins which are readily dissolved in water are called water soluble vitamins

Question: 62

Major Causes of Famine

Answer: 62

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Major Causes of Famine: Following are some major causes of famine

Unequal distribution of Food

Drought

Flooding

Increasing Population

Question: 63

Write any four symptoms of deficiency of vitmamin

Answer: 63

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Symptoms of Scurvy:

Pain in Muscles and joints
Swollen and Bleeding Gums
Slow healing of wounds
Dry Skin

Question: 64

What is difference between nutrition and nutrients

Answer: 64

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Nutrition: The process in which food is obtained prepared or absorbed and converted into body substance for growth and energy is called nutrition

Question: 65

What cause of osteomalacia

Answer: 65

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Deficiency of vitamin D is the cause of osteomalacia Bones become soft and increases risk of fractures in bones

Question: 66

From where Vitamin A and Vitamin D are obtained

Answer: 66

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Vitamins: Vitamin A

Green leaved vegetables Spinach Carrot
Yellow fruit
Fish
Liver
Eggs
Milk
Butter

Question: 67

Define Alimentary Canal

Answer: 67

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The digestive system of human consists of a long tube that extends from mouth to anus This tube is called alimentary canal or gut

Question: 68

What are meant by saturated and unsaturated fatty

Answer: 68

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Lipids: Lipds are important nutrients and present in both plants and animals They are present in food and are composed of fatty acids bonded to glycerol The fatty acids of lipids may be saturated or unsaturated

Question: 69

Write food sources of protein

Answer: 69

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Proteins They are composed of amino acids Many proteins also acts as enzymes and use for getting energy 1gram of protein gives 4kilo calories

Question: 70

What is meant by vitamins

Answer: 70

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Vitamins: itramins are chemical compounds that are required in low amounts but are essential for normal growth and metabolism

Vitamin A From rhodopsin in road Cells of the retina of eye when vitamin A is inadequate the lack of rhodopsin makes it difficult to see
Vitamin A also support bone growth and immune functions

Question: 71

Write disadvantages of saturated fatty acids

Answer: 71

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Saturated fatty acids can increase a person's cholesterol level may eventually result in the clogging of arteries and ultimately heart disease

Question: 72

What is the role of Phosphorus in living organisms

Answer: 72

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Phosphorus is responsible for development and maintenance of bones and teeth blood clotting

Question: 73

Define Peristalsis.

Answer: 73

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Peristalsis move food from oral cavity to rectum.Peristalsis is defined as the waves of contraction and relaxation in smooth muscle of alimentary canal.

Question: 74

What do you mean by Nutrition

Answer: 74

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Nutrition: The process in which food is obtained or prepared absorbed and converted into body substance for growth and energy is called nutrition

Question: 75

What is role of Nitrogen and Magnesium in Plants life

Answer: 75

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Role of Nitrogen: Nitrogen is a major component of proteins hormones chlorophyIIB vitamins and enzymes are essential for plant life

Deficiencies of nitrogen can reduce yields

Question: 76

What is world food program

Answer: 76

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World Food Program; The world food program is the food aid branch of the united nation

World food program distributes food world wide

It provides food to more than 90 million people in 80 countries

Question: 77

Write the role of potassium in plant life

Answer: 77

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Role iron in plants life

Iron is necessary nutrient for photosynthesis

Iron activates many enzymes in plants body

Question: 78

What is meant by Malnutrition

Answer: 78

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Problems related to nutrition are grouped as malnutrition It often refers to under nutrition resulting from inadequate consumption, poor absorption or excessive loss of nutrients Malnutrition also includes over nutrition resulting fro mover eating or excessive intake of specific nutrients

Question: 79

What is phyraynx?

Answer: 79

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A part of alimentary canal through which food in the form of bolus goes and makes special adaptations to prevent the entry of bolus particles in trachea. No digestion takes place in pharynx.

Question: 80

What is meant by Diary Fiber

Answer: 80

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Dietary fiber also known as roughage which is the part of human food that is indigestible It is found only in plant foods and it moves undigested through stomach small intestine and into colon

Question: 81

Write down the names of diseases caused by the deficiency of Vitamin A

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Following are some diseases caused by deficiency of

Night Blindness
Dry skin
Retard Growth

Question: 82

Write the name of two juces secreted in small intestine of man.

Answer: 82

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Pancreatic juice, intestinal juice.

Question: 83

What is the affect of HCL on Pepsin

Answer: 83

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The functions of HCL and pepsin in digestion are given below

Question: 84

What is oesophagus?

Answer: 84

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The tube, which connects pharynx to stomach, is called oesophagus. No Digestion takes place in esophagus. No Digestion takes place in oesophagus.No Digestion takes place in oesophagus. INadult human its length is 25 cm.

Question: 85

What are Minerals and from where we get them

Answer: 85

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Minerals: Minerals are inorganic elements that originate in the earth and cannot be made in the body They play important role in various body functions and are necessary to maintain health

Question: 86

What is the role of calcium and Magnesium in plant life

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Role of Clacium in Pants life:

Calcium in plants activates enzyme

Calcium a constituent of plant cell wall

Calcium affects movement of water in plant cells

Question: 87

What is Protein Energy Malutritioin

Answer: 87

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Protein energy malnutrition means insuffient availability or absorption of protein and energy in the body

PM is the major cause of death of infants in developing countries

PEM may be the cause of

Kwashiorkor, Marasmus

Question: 88

What is night blindness

Answer: 88

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Deficiency of vitamin A is the leading cause of blindness in children worldwide One of the symptoms of vitamin A deficiency is night blindness It is a temporary condition but if left treated It can cause permanent blindness

Question: 89

Enlist four sources of Vitamin D.

Answer: 89

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Fish liver oil , milk, ghee, synthesized by skin.

Question: 90

How deficiency of vitamin A causes blindness

Answer: 90

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Vitamin A was the first fat-soluble vitamin identified in 1913 It combines with a protein called opsin to form rhodopsin in rod cells of the retina of eye When vitamin A is inadequate the lack of rhodopsin makes difficult to see in dim light and causes night blindness

Question: 91

What is meant by Starvation

Answer: 91

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Starvation means the severe deficiency of intake nutrients and energy It is the disastrous result of malnutrition prolonged Starvation in Human may damage organs permanently and ultimately death occurs

Question: 92

Write down two functions of Oral Cavity

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Functions of oral cavity

Food secretion is first function of oral cavity
The second function of oral cavity is the grinding of food by teeth
The third and fourth function of oral cavity are lubrications and chemical digestion of food

Question: 93

What is function of Vitmain C in body

Answer: 93

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Vitamin C participates in many reactions It is needed to form collagen that gives strength to connective tissues Collagen is also needed for the healing of wounds

Question: 94

Write down any two advatages of Fibrous food

Answer: 94

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Advantages: Fiber prevents and relieves constipation by stimulating the contraction of intestinalmuscles avoiding constipation reduces the risk of many other diseases

Soluble fiber helps in lowering blood cholesterol

Insoluble fiber speeds up the movements of carcinogens cancer causing agents from intestine

Question: 95

What Goiter

Answer: 95

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Goiter is a condition which is caused by an insufficient amount of iodine oin the diet If sufficient iodine is not available in a person diet the thyroid gland becomes enlarged and it results in swelling in the neck and the condition is known as goiter

Question: 96

Write any three functions of liver.

Answer: 96

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i. Destroys old red blood cells. ii. Coverts ammonia to less toxic form i.e. urea. iii. Manufacture blood clotting proteins called fibrinogen.

Question: 97

What are sources of vitamin C

Answer: 97

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We get vitamin C from citrus fruits oranges lemons and grape unit leafy green vegetables beef liver etc

Question: 98

What is meant by digestion

Answer: 98

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Process in which large and non-diffusible molecules are converted into smaller and diffusible molecules is called digestion i.e salts amino acids, simple sugars fatty acids and vitamins etc

Question: 99

Differentiate between Fat Soluble and Water Soluble Vitamins

Answer: 99

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Fat Soluble Vitamins include vitamins A,D,E AND K fat Soluble vitamins do not eliminates from the body That's why its deficiency normally do not occur Fat Soluble vitamins hence store inside the body

Question: 100

Name two diseases cause by the deficiency of Minerals

Answer: 100

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Anemia, Goiter

Question: 101

What is Drought

Answer: 101

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Drought: A drought is a period of time when there is not enough water to support agricultural and human needs

Drought is usually due to a long period of below-normal rainfall

Question: 102

How ulcer is treated

Answer: 102

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Ulcer is treated with medicines which neutralize the acidic affects of gastric juice spicy acidic foods and smoking should be avoided as preventive measures

Question: 103

How does iodine function in our body

Answer: 103

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Iodine is a mineral found in some foods iodine is compulsory for normal functioning of Thyroid glands in our body

Question: 104

What are the source of the soluble dietary Fibers

Answer: 104

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Sources of Soluble Dietary Fibers:

Oat Grains
Legumes
Barley
Many fruit

Question: 105

Which parts are there in human alimentary canal

Answer: 105

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Human gut or alimentary canal is consist of following parts

Question: 106

What are the source of vitamin C ?

Answer: 106

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We get vitamin C from citrus fruits leafy green vegetables, beef liver etc.

Question: 107

What is saliva?

Answer: 107

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The juice which is released by salivary glands during chewing process is called saliva.

Question: 108

What is difference between assimilation and absorption

Answer: 108

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The difference between assimilation and absorption is given below

Question: 109

What is Anaemia

Answer: 109

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Anemia: Literal meaning of the term Anemia is Deficiency of blood An anemic patient is weak and its cell face less supply of oxygen

Question: 110

What are causes of diarrhoea?

Answer: 110

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Diarrhoea is a condition in which the sufferer has frequent watery, loose bowel movements which are accompanied by abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting it occurs when required water is not absorbed in blood from colon.

Question: 111

What is meant by dehydration

Answer: 111

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The loss of excess of water is called dehydration

Question: 112

How does iodine function in our body?

Answer: 112

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Iodine is a mineral found in some foods. Iodine is compulsory for normal functioning of thyroid glands in our body.

Question: 113

What is differentiate between the term Ingestion and digestion

Answer: 113

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The difference between ingestion and digestion is given

Question: 114

What is ulcer?

Answer: 114

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Ulcer is a sore in the inner wall of gut in ulcer, the acidic gastric juice gradually breaks down the tissue of the inner wall.

Question: 115

Write names of two diseases of gut

Answer: 115

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Gut: The digestive system of human consists of a long tube that extends from mouth to anus This tube is called gut or alimentary canal

Question: 116

Write the role of potassium and calcium is human body

Answer: 116

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Role of calcium in human body: Calcium is essential for the development and maintenance of bones and teeth

It is also needed for maintaining cell membrane and connective tissues and for the activation of several enzymes

Calcium also aids in blood clotting

Question: 117

What is the balanced diet?

Answer: 117

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A balanced diet may be defined as the food, which contains all the essential nutrients in correct proportions for the normal growth and development of body.

Question: 118

What is stomach

Answer: 118

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Stomach is a dilated part of Alimentary Canal its shape is like English alphabet It is situated beneath the diaphragm on left inside of the body within abdomen the diaphragm on left side of the body within abdomen

Question: 119

Which disease are caused due to the deficiency of calcium in human beings

Answer: 119

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Deficiency of calcium:

Spontaneous discharge of nerve impulses which may result in tetany
Bones become soft
Blood clots slowly
Wounds heal slowly

Question: 120

What do you know about Marasmus ?

Answer: 120

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The disease usually develops in infant between the age of 06 months to one years,
the patient lose their all fat and the muscle strength and acquire a skinny skeletal appearance
It is an example of protein energy malnutrition.

Question: 121

What is goiter?

Answer: 121

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Goiter is condition caused by an insufficient amount of iodine in diet.Iodine is used by throuid gland to produce hormones that control the body's normal functioning and growth. If sufficient iodine is not available in a person's diet, thyroid gland becomes enlarged and in results in swelling in necm. This condition is goiter.

Question: 122

Write a short note on gastric gland

Answer: 122

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Gastric Gland: Gastric glands are situated on inner most layer of stomach cavity and are composed of Epithelial tissues
Gastric gland secrete Gastric juice which contains water Hydrochloric Acid and a protein digesting Inactive enzyme pepsinogen

Question: 123

What do you know about Marasmus

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Marasmus: This disease usually develops in infant between the age of 6 month to one year

The patient children lose their all fat and muscle children with marasmus show poor growth and look smaller than their actual age

It is an example of protein energy malnutrition

Question: 124

What is Famine

Answer: 124

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Famine: Lack of enough food to feed all people living in an area is know as famine

Question: 125

Why is digestion necessary for human cells

Answer: 125

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Cells of human's body require oxygen water salts amino acid simple sugar fatty acid and vitamins etc These can cross cell membranes to enter cells Amino acid simple sugar and fatty acid are rare in our environment Such substances are usually part of larger molecules like protein polysaccharides and lipids which cannot cross cell membrane There is a need of converting such large and not diffusible molecules into smaller and diffusible molecules This is achieved through the process of digestion

Question: 126

Write symptoms of goiter and aneamia ?

Answer: 126

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Symptoms of goiter:Goiter is a condition which is caused by an insuffient amount of iodine in the diet. If sufficient iodine is not available in a person diet the thyroid gland becomes enlarged and it results in swelling in the neck and the condition is known as goiter.

Question: 127

Wrote three parts of large intestine

Answer: 127

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Caecum
Colon
Rectum

Question: 128

What do you mean by peristalsis

Answer: 128

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Peristalsis: Peristalsis is the movement of food from oral cavity towards Rectum In words it is defined as Peristalsis means wave motion of contraction and relaxation of smooth muscles in the wall of Alimentary canal

Question: 129

What is Obesity

Answer: 129

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Obesity means becoming over-weight and it may also be due to malnutrition People who take food that contains energy more than their requirement and do very little physical work can become bosses Obesity is known as the mother-disease and may lead to heart problems hypertension diabetes etc

Question: 130

Define vili

Answer: 130

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There are circular folds in the inner wall of ileum These folds have numerous finger-like projections called villi singular Villi increase the surface area of the inner walls and it helps a lot in the absorption of digested food

Question: 131

What is meant by Sphincter

Answer: 131

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Opening which are guarded by muscles called sphincters' There are two types

Cardin sphincter
Pyloric sphincter

Question: 132

Write name of two diseases due to protein energy malnutrition

Answer: 132

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Kwashiorkor , Marasmus

Question: 133

Describe any four sources of proteins.

Answer: 133

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Meat, eggs, grains, legumes.

Question: 134

Write any two functions of largeintestine

Answer: 134

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Functions of large intestine:

From colon water is absorbed into blood As water is absorbed the solid remains of food are called faces Faces mainly consists of the undigested material Large number of bacteria sloughed off cells of alimentary canal bile pigments and water are also part of faces it gives rise to a reflex and anus is opened for defection

Question: 135

Write symptoms of Goiter and Anemia

Answer: 135

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Goiter is a condition which is caused by an insufficient amount of iodine in the diet If sufficient iodine is not available in person diet the thyroid gland becomes enlarged and it results in swelling in the neck and the condition is known as goiter

Symptoms of Anemia The main cause of this disease is decrease in quantity of Red Blood Cells If iron is not available to the body in required amount then reasonable amount of hemoglobin molecule is not formed Hence functional red blood cell's decrease in number

Question: 136

Define Mastication?

Answer: 136

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Mechanical digestion of food is called mastication. It is include grinding and chewing the food by teeth also called mastication

Question: 137

What is kwashiorkor

Answer: 137

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Kwashiorkor is due to protein deficiency at the age of about 12 months when breast feeding is discontinued it can also develop at any time during a Childs growing years Children may grow to normal height but are abnormally thin

Question: 138

What do you know about liver

Answer: 138

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Liver

Liver is the largest gland of the human body
It is situated beneath the diaphragm on right side of abdomen
Lobes are its raised parts and its apparent color is dark Red

Question: 139

Write down symptoms of Diarrhoea

Answer: 139

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Abdominal pain
Nausea
Vomiting

Question: 140

Write the role of duodenum in small intestine

Answer: 140

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Duodenum: It comprises of first 10 inch of small intestine and it is the part of alimentary canal where most of the digestive progress occurs Here food is further juice and intestinal juice

Question: 141

What is Gastric Juice

Answer: 141

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Gastric glands of stomach secrete gastric juice The enzyme pepsinogen is present in it

Question: 142

Write the weight and size of liver in an adult human

Answer: 142

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Liver

Liver is the largest gland of the human body
It is situated beneath the diaphragm on right side of abdomen
Lobes are its raised parts and its apparent color is dark Red

Question: 143

Define churning ?

Answer: 143

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Food is further broken down in stomach through churning stomach wall muscles contract and relax. these muscular movement help in release of gastric juice and mixing of food.

Question: 144

Write the difference between assimilation and defection

Answer: 144

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Assimilation: A phase of digestion which is involved in the conversion or incorporation of absorbed simple food called assimilation

Question: 145

What is Diarrhoea

Answer: 145

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Diarrhea: Diarrhea is a condition in which the suffer has frequent watery loose bowel movement

Question: 146

What do you mean by vitamin?

Answer: 146

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Vitamin are chemical compounds that are required in low amounts but are essential for normal growth and metabolism.

Question: 147

What is difference between pepsin and pepsinogen

Answer: 147

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Pepsinogen is inactive form of pepsin enzyme and it is converted to pepsin in the presence of HCL in the gastric juice Pepsin helps in hydrolyses of protein in digestion process

Question: 148

Bolus is a piece of food

Answer: 148

148-271

During the process of chewing lubrications and semi digestion the pieces of food are rolled up by the tongue into small slippery spherical mass called bolus We swallow bolus and push it in esophagus and pharynx

Question: 149

What is Appendix

Answer: 149

149-271

From the blind end of caecum there arises a non-functional finger-like process called appendix severe pain The infected appendix must be removed surgically otherwise it may burst and the inflammation may spread in abdomen

Question: 150

What is bile juice and what is its function ?

Answer: 150

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Bile juice is secretion of liver and helps in digestion of lipids through emulsification.

Question: 151

Write any four symptoms of deficiency of vitamin C ?

Answer: 151

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Pain in muscles and joints
Swollen and bleeding gums
Slow healing of wounds
Dry Skin

Question: 152

What is gall bladder

Answer: 152

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A pear shaped greenish yellow sac i.e Gall bladder lies along the right lobe of liver on ventral side

Question: 153

Write two effects of increasing population

Answer: 153

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In spit of the global increase in food production millions of human beings are undernourished In the over-populated regions of world, large populations over use natural resource to grow maximum food in order to meet the problems of food shortage It leads to dry and infertile lands and depletion of resources In such situations crops can no longer be grown and famines result

Question: 154

Define protein ?

Answer: 154

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They are composed of amino acids. Many protein also acts as enzymes and use for getting energy. 1 gram of proteins gives 04 kilo calories.

Question: 155

What are major causes of Constipation

Answer: 155

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Constipation is a condition where a person experiences hard faces that are difficult to eliminate absorption of water through colon insufficient intake of dietary fiber dehydration use of medicines e.g those containing iron calcium and aluminum and tumors in rectum or anus

Question: 156

What is meant by WFP

Answer: 156

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WFP stands for World Food Program It is the food aid branch of the United Nations It is the world largest agency providing food to more then 90 million people in 80 countries

Question: 157

Write down the four sources Vitamin A can obtained?

Answer: 157

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Humans get vitamin A from leafy vegetables yellow/orange fruits liver, fish, egg, milk, butter, etc.

Question: 158

What is gastric juice Also write down its chemical composition

Answer: 158

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Gastric juice Gastric juice is secreted from Gastric gland Its main function is to digest proteins in the stomach

Question: 159

Define epiglottis and Glottties?

Answer: 159

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Epiglottis

Small flap at the back of the tongue; it closes the greatest when we swallow to that food does not go sown into tracher

Question: 160

What is world food program?

Answer: 160

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World food Program:The world food program is the food aid branch of the united nations.

Question: 161

Write the name of two juice secreted in small intestine of man

Answer: 161

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Pancreatic juice

Intestinal juice

Question: 162

How vitamin A is responsible for night blindness ?

Answer: 162

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Vitamin A was the first fat-soluble vitamin identified. it combine with a protein called opsin to form rhodopsin in rod cell of the retina of eye.

Question: 163

What is ulcer

Answer: 163

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Ulcer: Ulcer peptic ulcer is a sore in the inner wall of gut In ulcer the acidic gastric juice gradually breaks down the tissue of the inner wall

Question: 164

What is gastric juice Name the Enzyme present in Gastric juice

Answer: 164

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Gastric glands of stomach secrete gastric juice The enzyme pepsinogen is present in it

Question: 165

Write three part of large intestine

Answer: 165

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It has three parts; Caecum (or Punch that form the T.junction with small intestine) Calon and rectum from colon water is absorbe into blood

Question: 166

What are the health risks if we take more saturated fatty acids in our diet ?

Answer: 166

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Saturated fatty acids can increase a person's cholesterol level. an increased cholesterol level may eventually result in the clogging of arteries and ultimately heat disease.

Question: 167

Why pepsin does not digest stomach wall

Answer: 167

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Pepsin is secreted as inactive pepsinogen which requires HCI for activation The mucoid of gastric juice forms a thick coating over the inner walls of stomach and neutralizes the HCI there It makes pepsinogen difficult to be activated and to digest stomach wall

Question: 168

Write benefit of Mastication

Answer: 168

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Mechanical digestion of food is called Mastication It is include grinding and chewing the food by teeth also called Mastication

Question: 169

What is the importance of Vitamin C ?

Answer: 169

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Vitamin C participates in many reaction it is needed to from collagen that gives strength to connective tissues. Collagen is also needed for the healing of wounds.

Question: 170

What is Bile juice and what is its function

Answer: 170

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Bile juice is secretion liver and helps in digestion of lipid through emulsification

Question: 171

Name the common forms of malnutrition?

Answer: 171

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Protein-energy malnutrition
Mineral deficiency diseases
Over-intake of nutrient

Question: 172

How will you differentiate between bolus and chyme

Answer: 172

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Bolus: Partially digested food rolled up by the tongue into small slippery spherical mass called bolus

Question: 173

Name two diseases cause by the deficiency of minerals ?

Answer: 173

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Anaemia
Goiter

Question: 174

Describe two functions of oral cavity

Answer: 174

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Food selection is one function of oral cavity
The second function of oral cavity ois grinding of food by teeth
The third and fourth functions of oral cavity are lubrication and chemical digestion of food

Question: 175

Define balance Diet.

Answer: 175

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A balanced diet may be defined as the one which contains all the essential nutrients in correct proportion for the normal growth and development of the body.

Question: 176

Enlist preventive measures to save from Ulcer

Answer: 176

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Preventive Measure: We should abstain from spices Acidic food and smoking to save us from Ulcer

Question: 177

Write the name of fat soluble vitamins ?

Answer: 177

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Fat soluble Vitamin include A,D, E and K.

Question: 178

What are major causes of ulcer in stomach

Answer: 178

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Stomach ulcer is known as gastric ulcer the causes of ulcer include excess acid inflection long term use of anti-inflammatory medicines including aspirin smoking drinking coffee colas and eating spicy foods

Question: 179

What is meant by vitamins?

Answer: 179

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Vitamins are chemical compound that are required in low amounts but are essential for normal growth an metabolism.

Question: 180

Define chuning

Answer: 180

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Food is further broken down in stomach through churning Stomach wall muscles contract and relax These muscular movements help in release of gastric juice and mixing of food Chumming also generates heat for melting lipids

Question: 181

Write down the diseases caused by the deficiency of vitamin A?

Answer: 181

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Night blindness
Dry Skin
Retard Growth

Question: 182

What is meant by cardiac and pyloric sphincter

Answer: 182

182-271

Muscles are responsible for opening and closing of sphincter Stomach has two sphincters

Question: 183

Write two function of liver other than digestion of food

Answer: 183

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It removes amino groups from amino acids i.e de-lamination

Destroys the old red blood cells

Question: 184

What is night blindness?

Answer: 184

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Deficiency of vitamin A is the leading cause of blindness in children world wide. one of the symptoms of vitamin A deficiency is night blindness.

Question: 185

What is meant by Starvation ?

Answer: 185

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Starvation means the severe deficiency of in take nutrients and energy. It is the disastrous results of malnutrition. Prolonged starvation in human may damage organs permanently and ultimate

Question: 186

Write the difference between assimilation and defection?

Answer: 186

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Assimilation:A phase of digestion which is involed in the conversion or incorportion of absorbed simple food into the complex substance constituting the body is called assinilation.

Defection:Elimination of undigested food from the body is called defection.

Question: 187

What is meant by Ingestion ?

Answer: 187

187-271

The process of taking in food.

Question: 188

Write Major cause of Famine ?

Answer: 188

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Unequal distribution of food
Drought
Flooding

Question: 189

Define water soluble ?

Answer: 189

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Water soluble vitamins include vitamin B and C Water soluble vitamins eliminate from the body and do not store within the body.

Question: 190

Which is largest gland of human body and where it located

Answer: 190

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Liver is the largest gland of body It is multi lobed and dark reddish in appearance it lies beneath the diaphragm on the right side of abdomen

Question: 191

Write two function of HCL?

Answer: 191

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Function of HCL:

HCL converts the inactive enzyme pepsinogen in to its active form pepsin.
HCL also kills microorganisms present in food.

Question: 192

What is the role of phosphorus in living organisms?

Answer: 192

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Phosphorus is responsible for development and maintenance of bones and teeth, blood clothing.

Question: 193

Bolus is a place of food .how?

Answer: 193

193-271

During the process of chewing, lubrication and semidigestion the pieces of food are rolled up by the tongue into small,slippery spherical mass called bolus.

Question: 194

What are water soluble vitamins?

Answer: 194

194-271

The vitamins which are readily dissolved in water is called water soluble vitamins.

Question: 195

What is difference between pesin and pepsinogen ?

Answer: 195

195-271

pepsinogen is inactive from of pepsin enzyme and it is converted to pepsin in the presence of HCL in the gastric juice. pepsin helps in hydrolyses of protein in digestion process.

Question: 196

Define Minerals ?

Answer: 196

196-271

Minerals are inorganic elements that originate in the earth and cannot be made in the body. They play important role in various body function and are necessary to maintain health.

Question: 197

Write down two function of oral cavity ?

Answer: 197

197-271

Food selection is first function of Ora cavity.
The second function or oral cavity is the grinding of food by teeth.

Question: 198

Write the source of the soluble dietary fibers?

Answer: 198

198-271

Oat Grains
Legumes
Barley
Many fruits & Vegetables

Question: 199

Write the role of duodenum in small intestine.

Answer: 199

199-271

Duodenum:It comprises of first 10 inch 25(cm) of small intestine and it is the part of aliminetary canal where most of the digestive progress occurs.

Question: 200

What is osteomalacia?

Answer: 200

200-271

Defficiency of vitamin D is the cause of osteomalacia, Bones become soft and increases risk of fractures in bones.

Question: 201

Write the composition of Gastric juice?

Answer: 201

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Gastric juice is secreted from Gastric gland its main function is to digest protein in the stomach. Composition of Gastric juice. 1) Water 2) Mucous 3) Hydrochloric acid 4) Pepsinogen

Question: 202

What aremicronutrients? Give Example.

Answer: 202

202-271

The nutrients which are required in large are called .

Question: 203

What is meant by dehydration ?

Answer: 203

203-271

The loss of excess of water is called dehydration.

Question: 204

Write down the symptoms of diarrhoea ?

Answer: 204

204-271

Abdominal pain
Nausea
Vomiting

Question: 205

Which diseases are caused due to the deficiency of calcium in human beings?

Answer: 205

205-271

Spontaneous discharge of never impulses which may result in tetany.
bones become soft.
Blood clot slowly
Wounds heal slowly.

Question: 206

Why pepsin does not digest stomach wall ?

Answer: 206

206-271

Pepsin is secreted as inactive pepsinogen, which requires HCL for activation.The mucous of gastric juice form a thick coating over the inner walls of stomach and neutralizes the HCL there. it make pepsinogen difficult to be activated and do digest stomach wall.

Question: 207

Write any for symptoms or deficiency of vitamin c

Answer: 207

207-271

Symptoms of scurvy include muscle and joint pain, swollen and bleeding gums, slow wounds heaving, and dry skin.

Question: 208

Write role of iron in human body?

Answer: 208

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Role of iron in human body:

Iron plays a major role in oxygen transport and storage.
Cellular energy product on also requires iron.

Question: 209

What is protein energy malnutrirition?

Answer: 209

209-271

protienenergy malnutrition mean inaduateavailability or absorption of enregyand proteins in the body, it is the leading cause of death in children in developing countries. It may lead to diseases Such as Kwashiorkes and marasom

Question: 210

What is protein energy malnutrition?

Answer: 210

210-271

Protein energy malnutrition means insuffient available or absorption of protein and energy in the body.
PM is the major cause of death of infants in developing countries.
PEM may be the cause of :

a) Kwashior b) Marasmus

Question: 211

Define coefficient of linear thermal expansion and water is it's Si unit?

Answer: 211

211-271

If a rod for one meter length is heated through a temperature difference of 1k then the change in the length of rod is called linear. Thermal expansion which has unit k^-1

Question: 212

What is meant by digestion ?

Answer: 212

212-271

Process in which large and non-diffusible molecules are converted in to smaller and diffusible molecules is called digestion

Question: 213

What is obesity ?

Answer: 213

213-271

Obesity means becoming over weight and it may also be due to malnutrition. people who take food that contains energy more than their requirement and do malnutrition. people who take food that contains energy more than their requirements and do very little physical work can become obese

Question: 214

What are water soluble Vitamins? Give two examples

Answer: 214

214-271

A vitamin is an organic molecule that is an essential micronutrient that an organism needs in small quantitiesfor the proper functioning of its metabolism (vitamin B1) (vitamin B2) are examples

Question: 215

Name two disease cause by the deficiency of vitamin D. ?

Answer: 215

215-271

In children, Vitamin-D deficiency leads to rickets.
In adults, Vitamin-D deficieny cause osteomalacia, or "Softening" bones incresing the risk for fractures in bones.

Question: 216

What three part of large intestine?

Answer: 216

216-271

The large intestine consists of the cecum and colon and also rectum

Question: 217

What is meant by Bolus ?

Answer: 217

217-271

Partially digested food rolled up by the tongue in to small slippery, spherical mass called bolus.

Question: 218

What is famine ?

Answer: 218

218-271

Lack of enough food to feed all people living in an area is known as famine

Question: 219

Define nutrition

Answer: 219

219-271

The process in which food is obtained or preparedabsorbed and converted into bodysubstance for growth and energy is called nutrition.

Question: 220

Write down any two Advantages of fibrous food?

Answer: 220

220-271

Soluble fibers helps in lowering blood cholesterol.
Insoluble fibers speeds up the movements of carcinogens from intestine

Question: 221

What is Kwashioikor?

Answer: 221

221-271

Kwashioikor is due to protein deficiency at the age of about 12 month when breast feeding is discontinued.it can also develop at any time during a child growing years.

Question: 222

What is Absorption ?

Answer: 222

222-271

A phase of digestion in which diffusion of digested food in to blood and lymph is carried out is called Absorption

Question: 223

Write name of two diseases due to protein energy malnutrition?

Answer: 223

223-271

Kwashiokor
Marasmus

Question: 224

Why is digestion neccessory for human cells ?

Answer: 224

224-271

Cells of human body require oxygen, water, salts amino acid, simple sugar, fatty acid and vitamin etc. these can cross cell membrane to entre cells.

Question: 225

Write the name of two juices secreted in small intestine of man?

Answer: 225

225-271

Pancreatic Juice
Intestine Juice

Question: 226

What is Drought ?

Answer: 226

226-271

A drought is a period of time when there is not enough water to support agriculture and humans needs. Drought is usually due to long period of below-normal rainfull.

Question: 227

Write a short note on Gastric gland ?

Answer: 227

227-271

Gastric gland are situated on inner most layer of stomach cavity and are composed of Epithelial tissues
Gastric gland secrete Gastric gland secrete Gastric juice which contain water hydrochloric acid and a protein digesting inactive enzyme pepsinogen

Question: 228

What is Anaemia ?

Answer: 228

228-271

literal meaning of the term Anaemia is deficiency of blood" An anaemia patient is weak and its cell face less supply of oxygen.

Question: 229

What is Gastric juice ?

Answer: 229

229-271

Gastric gland of stomach secrete gastric juice the enzymes pepsinogen is present in it.

Question: 230

What is meant by WFP?

Answer: 230

230-271

WFP stand for world food program it is the food aid branch of the united nations. It is the world's largest agency providing food to more than 90 million people in 80 countries.

Question: 231

What is meant by Appendix ?

Answer: 231

231-271

From the blind end of caecum there arises a non-functional finger-like process called appendix.

Question: 232

What is Dietary Fiber?

Answer: 232

232-271

Dietary Fiber also known as "roughage" Which is the part of human food that is undigestable. It found only in plant foods and it moves undigestable. it is found only in plant foods and it moves undigested through stomach and small intestine and into colon.

Question: 233

Define Alimentary canal ?

Answer: 233

233-271

The digestive system of human consists of a long tube that extends from mouth to anus.this tube is called alimentary canal or gut.

Question: 234

Write two effects of increase population ?

Answer: 234

234-271

In spite of the global increases in food production, million of human beings are undernourished in the over populated regions of world, large populations over use natural resources to grow maximum food in order to meet the problems of food shortage.

Question: 235

What is Assimilation ?

Answer: 235

235-271

A phase of digestion which involed in the conversion or incorporation of absorbed simple food into the complex substance constituting the body is called assimilation

Question: 236

What is Goiter ?

Answer: 236

236-271

Goiter is a condition which is caused by an insufficient amount of iodne in the diet.

Question: 237

Write name of two diseases of gut ?

Answer: 237

237-271

Diseases:Following are some gut diseases that affect a number of people in pakistan

Constipation
Ulcer
Diarrhoea

Question: 238

Describe two function of oral cavity ?

Answer: 238

238-271

Food selection is one function of oral cavity.
the second function of oral cavity is grinding of food by teeth

Question: 239

What is gall bladder?

Answer: 239

239-271

A pear shaped greenish yellow sac i.e "gall bladders " lies along the right lobe of liver on ventral side.

Question: 240

What is meant by preventive Measure ?

Answer: 240

240-271

We should abstain from spices acidic food and smoking to save us from Ulcer.

Question: 241

What is marasmus?

Answer: 241

241-271

Usually develops between the ages of six months and one year patients lose all their body fat and musclestrength, and acquire a skeletal appearance

Question: 242

Define villi?

Answer: 242

242-271

There are circular folds in the inner wall of ileum these folds have numerious finger-like projection called villi

Question: 243

What are lipids also describe types of fatty acids?

Answer: 243

243-271

The lipids present in food are composed of fatty acids bonded to glycerol the fatty acids oflipids may be saturatedor unsaturated

Question: 244

Which is the parts are there in human alimentary canal?

Answer: 244

244-271

Oral cavity
Pharynx
Oesophagus
Stomach
Small intestines
Large intestine

Question: 245

What is diarrhea? What are its causes?

Answer: 245

245-271

Diarrhea is a condition in which the sufferershas frequent water , loose bowl movements, This condition may be accompanied by abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting it occurs when required water is not absorbed in blood from colon. The main cause of diarrhea includes lack of adequatesafe water viral or bacterial infections oflarge intestine,

Question: 246

What is meant by Peristalsis ?

Answer: 246

246-271

Peristalsis is the movement of food from oral cavity towards rectum. in other words it is define as Peristalsis means wave motion of contraction and relaxation of smooth muscles in the wall of alimentray canal

Question: 247

Define fat soluble vitamins?

Answer: 247

247-271

Fat soluble vitamins are much less excreted from the board as compared to water soluble vitamin

Question: 248

What is meant by Cardiac sphinctes ?

Answer: 248

248-271

Cardiac sphinctes is between is between stomach and oesophagus.

Question: 249

What is meant by Defecation ?

Answer: 249

249-271

Elimination of undigested food from the body

Question: 250

How ulcer is treated ?

Answer: 250

250-271

ulcer is treated with medicines which neutralize the acidic affect of gastric juice spicy Acidic food and smoking should be avoided as preventive measures.

Question: 251

What do you known about liver ?

Answer: 251

251-271

Liver:

Liver is the largest gland of the human body.
It is situated beneath the diaphragm on the right side of abdomen.
Lobes are its raised parts and its apparent colour is dark red

Question: 252

What is meant by Sphincter ?

Answer: 252

252-271

Opening which are guarded by muscles are called sphincter.

Question: 253

What is function of calcium and iron in human body.

Answer: 253

253-271

Calcium is essential for the development and maintenance of bones and teeth. It is also needed for maintaining cell membranes and connective tissues and for the activation ofseveral enzymes .

Calcium also aids in blood clotting. Iron plays a major role in oxygen transport aid storage. Iron also supports immune function.

Question: 254

Write three parts of large intestine ?

Answer: 254

254-271

Caecum
Colon
Rectum

Question: 255

What is difference between Organic and inorganic fertilization?

Answer: 255

255-271

The distinction between the organic and inorganic fertilized fertilizers is not always clear cut urea, for example, is an organic compound, but chemically synthesized urea is generally grouped with inorganic fertilizers

Question: 256

Write down two function of liver ?

Answer: 256

256-271

It removes amino groups from amino acids i.e. de-lamination.
Destroys the old red blood cells.

Question: 257

What is stomoch ?

Answer: 257

257-271

Stomach is a dilated part of alimentary canal. its shape is like English alphabets "J" It is situated beneath the diaphragm on the left side of the body with in abdomen

Question: 258

What is meant by digestion?

Answer: 258

258-271

The process of breaking up complex substance into simples substances.

Question: 259

Which is largest gland of human body. and where it located ?

Answer: 259

259-271

Liver is the largest gland of body. it is multi-lobed and dark reddish in appearance.it lies beneath the diaphragm on the right side of abdomen.

Question: 260

Write two diseases cause by the defficiencyof minerals

Answer: 260

260-271

An in reduced need for the mineral lack of the mineral in the diet, or difficulty absorbing the mineral from food are some of the more commonreasons mineral deficienciescan lead to a health problem weak bones , Fatique

Question: 261

What are dietary fibers?

Answer: 261

261-271

Dietary fibre(also known as (roughage") is the part of human food that is indigestible it is found only in plant foods and it moves undigested through stomach and small intestine and into calon

Question: 262

Write any two function of large intestine ?

Answer: 262

262-271

From colon water is absorbed into blood as water is absorbed the solid remain of food are called faces
Faces are temporarily stored in rectum, which opens out through anus. under normal condition when the rectum is filled up the faces it gives rise to a reflex and anus is called opened for defection

Question: 263

Write any two function of large intestine

Answer: 263

263-271

When the digested food inters into the large intestine, the water is absorbed from it and enters into the blood

Faces is stored in the rectum , a part of large intestine.

Question: 264

What is the major causes of ulcer in stomach ?

Answer: 264

264-271

Stomach ulcer is known as gastric ulcer the causes of ulcer include excess acid infection long term use of anti-inflammatory medicines smoking, drinking, coffee, colas and eating spicy foods.

Question: 265

What is ballancediet?

Answer: 265

265-271

A ballancediet may be defined as the one which contains all the essential nutrients in correct proportion for normal growth and development of body

Question: 266

What is ulcer ?

Answer: 266

266-271

Ulcer is a sore in the inner wall of gut in ulcer the acidic gastric juice gradually breaks down the tissue of the inner wall

Question: 267

What is difference between Autotrophs and Heterotophs

Answer: 267

267-271

Autotrophic organisms obtain water, Carbon dioxide and minerals from their environment and prepare their food which is then used for growth and energy

Question: 268

Why meat is not a good source of vitamin C?

Answer: 268

268-271

Minute quantitiesof vitamin c are present in muscles. Since meat,consists of muscles so it is not a good source of vitamin c

Question: 269

How will you differentiate between bolus and chyme?

Answer: 269

269-271

Bolus

During the processes of chewing, lubrication and semi-digestion, the pieces of food are rolled up by the tongue into small slippery , sphericalmass called bolus

Question: 270

What are Vitamins?

Answer: 270

270-271

Vitamins are the chemical compoundsthat are required in low amounts but are essential for normal growth and metabolism.

Question: 271

What is difference between nutritionsand nutrition?

Answer: 271

271-271

Nutrition

The process in which food is obtained or prepared, absorbed and converted into body substance, for growth and energy is called nutrition.

Biology Chapters

9th Class Chapter 8 Biology Short Questions

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