10th urdu chapter 16 study notes according to Punjab board syllabus for english and urdu medium students. Important chapter 16 notes study online and download PDF.
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Question: 1
Define embryology.
Answer: 1
1-1097It is teh study of teh development of an embryo to new individual.
Question: 2
What are protists?
Answer: 2
2-1097The unicellular or simple multicellular organisms with distinct nuclei are called protest.
Examples: Euglena, Paramecium, Green algae etc.
Question: 3
What do you mean by horticulture and how is it related agriculture?
Answer: 3
3-1097Horticulture: It deals with the art of gardening. A horticulturist works for the betterment of existing varieties and for the production of new varieties of ornamental plants and fruit plants.
Question: 4
Define Genetics.
Answer: 4
4-1097The study of genes and their roles in inheritance is called genetics, Inheritance means the transmission of characters from one generation to the other.
Example: Eye colour, height.
Question: 5
Define Molecular biology.
Answer: 5
5-1097this branch , deals with the study of the molecules of like e.g. water, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids.
Question: 6
Define microbiology.
Answer: 6
6-1097The division of biology, which deals the study of microorganisms such as bacteria, is called microbiology.
Question: 7
Differentiate between morphology and anatomy.
Answer: 7
7-1097Morphology:The branch of biology, which deals with the study of the structures and forms of living organisms is called morphology.
Example: Study of eye etc.
Question: 8
What are different groups of living organisms?
Answer: 8
8-1097Prokaryotes, Protist , Fungi, Plants, Animals
Question: 9
Define prokaryotes.
Answer: 9
9-1097The unicellular organism that do not have distinct nucleus are grouped as prokaryotes.
Example: Bacteria.
Question: 10
Define biotechnology.
Answer: 10
10-1097It deals practical application of living organisms to make substances for the welfare of mankind.
Example: Insulin
Question: 11
Define biology.
Answer: 11
11-1097biology is the scientific study of life. The word biology has been derived from two Greek words, "bios" meaning life and 'logos' meaning thought or reasoning.
Question: 12
What is studied in profession of farming?
Answer: 12
12-1097It deals with the development and maintenance of different types of farm. For example in some farms.
Animals breeding technologics are used for the production of animals which are better protein and milk sources.
In poultry farms chicken and eggs are produced.
Question: 13
Define Sociobiology.
Answer: 13
13-1097This branch deals with the study of social behavior of the animals that make societics
Question: 14
Define Science.
Answer: 14
14-1097Science is the study in which observations are made, experiments are done and logical conclusions are drawn in order to understand the principles of nature.
Question: 15
Define paleontology
Answer: 15
15-1097The study of fossils is called paleontology.The remains of extinct organisms are called fossils .
Question: 16
What is Medicine and Surgery?
Answer: 16
16-1097The profession of medicine deals with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases in human in surgery the body parts may be repaired replaced or removed.
Question: 17
Define biophysics.
Answer: 17
17-1097It deals with the study of the principles of physic,which are applicable to biological phenomena , for example there is a similarity between the working principles of lever in physics and limbs of animal in biology
Question: 18
Define immunology.
Answer: 18
18-1097The study of the immune system of animals which defends the body against invading microbes in called immunology.
Question: 19
Define Pharmacology.
Answer: 19
19-1097The branch of biology in which we study of drugs and their effects on system of human body is called pharmacology.
Question: 20
Define parasitology?
Answer: 20
20-1097The branch of biology, which deals with the study of parasites is called parasitology.
Question: 21
What is parasite?
Answer: 21
21-1097The organisms that take food and shelter from living hosts and in return harm them are called parasite.
Question: 22
Define taxonomy.
Answer: 22
22-1097The study of the naming and classification of organisms into groups and sub groups is called taxonomy.
Question: 23
Define environmental biology.
Answer: 23
23-1097The branch of biology, which deals with the study of the interactions between the organisms and their environment.
Question: 24
What are eukaryotes?
Answer: 24
24-1097The organisms whose cells do have distinct nucleus, membrane bounded structures and large number and types of organelles.
Example. animal cells.
Question: 25
Define Molecule.
Answer: 25
25-1097atoms of different elements combine with each other through ionic or covalent bonding to make a stable particle, which is called molecule.
Question: 26
What are fossils?
Answer: 26
26-1097The remains of extinct organisms are called fossils.
Question: 27
Describe major contributions of Jabir Bin Hayan.
Answer: 27
27-1097Jabir Bin Hayyan introduced experimental investigation in chemistry and also wrote a number of books on plants and animals . HIs famous books are "Al-Nabatat" and "Al-Haywan.
Question: 28
What are prokaryotes?
Answer: 28
28-1097The organisms whose cells do not have distinct nucleus, lack membrane bounded structure like mitochondria and have limited number and types of organelles are called prokaryotes. e.g. bacteria
Question: 29
What are teh functions of orgenelles?
Answer: 29
29-1097Each type of organelle is specialized to perform as specific function.
Example: Mitochondria specialized for cellular respiration.
Ribosomes are specialized for protein synthesis.
Question: 30
Define Biomolecule.
Answer: 30
30-1097The stable particle which is made by atoms of bioelements i.e. carbon, nitrogen, sulphur etc through konic or covalent bonding is called biomolecules.
Types: Macromolecules ,Macromolecules
Question: 31
Define organelle.
Answer: 31
31-1097Biomolecules assemble in a particular way and form organelles. These ae sub-cellular structure.
Example: Prokaryotic cell , Eukaryotes cell
Question: 32
What are elements?
Answer: 32
32-1097Elements are pure substances, which are made up of same kind of atoms having same atomic numbers.
Question: 33
What is meant by bio element?
Answer: 33
33-1097The elements, which take part in making body mass of living things are called bio elements these are 16
Question: 34
Define Forestry.
Answer: 34
34-1097It forestry, professional look after natural forests and advises to the government for planting and growing artificial forests.
Question: 35
What are the contributions of Bu Ali Sina?
Answer: 35
35-1097He is honoured as the fonder of medicine and called as Avicenna in the west. He was a physician, philosopher, astronomer and poet. One of his books"Al-Qanun fial-Tib" is known as the cannon of medicine in West.
Question: 36
Name any four unicellular organisms.
Answer: 36
36-1097Amoeba, Paramecium, Euglena, Virus
Question: 37
Which organs make digestive system.
Answer: 37
37-1097Oral cavity,Stomach, Liver, Pancreas, small intestine, large intestine.
Question: 38
Write down the contributions of Abdul Malik Asmai.
Answer: 38
38-1097Abdul Malik is considered the first Muslim scientist who studied animals in detail. His famous writing include Al-abil(Camel)", "Al-Khail (horse)", 'Al-Wahoosh (animal0" and " Kalq-al-ansan.
Question: 39
Difference between unicellular and multicellular.
Answer: 39
39-1097Unicellular:An organism which is made up of one cell is called unicellular organism.
Example: Paramecium, amoeba etc
Question: 40
What is volvox?
Answer: 40
40-1097Volvox is a green algae found in water that shows colonial organization. Hundreds of Volvox cells make a colony.
Question: 41
Name three types of cellular organizations?
Answer: 41
41-1097These are . Unicellular organization, Colonial organization, Multicellular organization
Question: 42
Define population.
Answer: 42
42-1097A populationis defined as a group of organisms of the same species located at the same place, in the same time.
Example: Human population in Pakistan in 2019 comprises of 173.5 million individuals.
Question: 43
Define community.
Answer: 43
43-1097A community is the assemblage of different populations,interacting with one another with in the same environment.
Example: A forest may be considered as a community. It includes different plants, micro-organismm,fungi and animal species.
Question: 44
Define organ.
Answer: 44
44-1097In higher multicellular organisms, more than one types of tissues having related functions are organized together to make a unit, called organ.
Example: Stomach and liver etc.
Question: 45
Define organ system.
Answer: 45
45-1097Different organs performing related functions are organized together in the form of an organ system. In organ system each organ performs a specific function.
Question: 46
Which membrane is present both in prokaryotes & eukaryotes.
Answer: 46
46-1097Cell membrane.
Question: 47
Name major types of animal tissues.
Answer: 47
47-1097There are four major types of animals tissues.
Epithelial tissues, Connective tissues, Nervous tissue, Muscular tissue
Question: 48
What is the biosphere level?
Answer: 48
48-1097The part of the Earth inhabited by organisms'communities is known as biosphere. It constitutes all ecosystems (areas where living organisms interact with the nonliving components of the environment) and is also called the zone of life on Earth.
Question: 49
Name major types of animal tissue.
Answer: 49
49-1097Epithelial tissues ,Connective tissues, Nervous tissue, Muscular tissue
Question: 50
What is glottis?
Answer: 50
50-1097Glottis is a narrow opening at the floe larynx through glottis.
Question: 51
Define pressure and flow mechanism
Answer: 51
51-1097In pressure-flow mechanism , food is moved from sources to sinks . At source (sugars) is moved by active transport into the sieve tubes of phloem . Due to the presence of sugar in sieve tubes , their solute concentration increases and water enters them from xylem (via osmosis) . This results in higher pressure of water in these tubes , which drives solution of food towards sink. At the sink end , food is unloaded by active transport . Water also exists from the seive tube . The exit of water decreases pressure in seive tubes , which causes a mass flow from the higher pressure at the source to the now lowered pressure at the sink
Question: 52
Define tissue.
Answer: 52
52-1097We can define a tissue as a group of similar cells specialized for the performance of a common function.
Example ; Animal tissue and plant tissue.
Question: 53
Write names of three main divisions of biology.
Answer: 53
53-1097The name of three divisions of biology.
Zoology, Botany, Microbiology.
Question: 54
Why do organisms need energy?
Answer: 54
54-1097The organisms need energy in the form of ATP for their activities and processes.
Question: 55
What is chronic bronchitis?
Answer: 55
55-1097It usually last a about three months to two years and it is develop by bronchi
Question: 56
What is habitat and how it is different from community?
Answer: 56
56-1097Habitat: It means the area of the environment in which organism lives.
Community: In community different populations interacting with each other, one another live with the same environment, but in habitat we talk about an organism's living area.
Question: 57
Scientific name of frog.
Answer: 57
57-1097Frog live in the both water and terriestial medium. IT Belong TO Class Amphibian,its scientific name is Rana tigrina.
Question: 58
What is larynx?
Answer: 58
58-1097The upper most part of the trachea is fibrous bands called vocal cord. When air also called voice box.
Question: 59
Which organs make digestive system?
Answer: 59
59-1097Oral cavity, stomach, liver, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine
Question: 60
Where is located the respiratory centre?
Answer: 60
60-1097It is located in the brain. It is sensitive to the concentration of CO2
Question: 61
What is the function of reproductive part of plant?
Answer: 61
61-1097Flowers take part in sexual reproduction and produce fruits and seeds.
Question: 62
What are lenticles?
Answer: 62
62-1097In woody stems and mature roots. the gaseous exchange. So, there are certain p lenticles allow air to pass through it.
Question: 63
Define botany.
Answer: 63
63-1097This division of biology deals with the study of plants.
Example: The study of Rose, mustard plant. etc
Question: 64
What are pleural membranes and pleural fluid?
Answer: 64
64-1097Each lung is covered by outer and inner pleural membranes. Between these two membranes there is a pleural fluid which provides lubrication for expansion and contraction of lungs.
Question: 65
Name some plant tissue.
Answer: 65
65-1097Epidermal tissue, Ground tissues
Question: 66
What structure are responsible for gaseous exchange in leaves and young stems?
Answer: 66
66-1097Stomata and Lenticels.
Question: 67
Write two advantages of Brassica plant/Mustard plant.
Answer: 67
67-1097Advantages of Brassica plant is.
the plant body of Brassica is used as vegetable.
Its seeds are used for extracting oil
Question: 68
Define gaseous exchange?
Answer: 68
68-1097The process of taking oxygen in and giving out CO2 is called gaseous exchange. It is of 2 types.
(i) Breathing
(ii) Cellular respiration
Question: 69
Define Zoology:
Answer: 69
69-1097This division of biology deals with the study of animals.
example: The study of frog, human etc.
Question: 70
Define pulmonary and systematic circulation ?
Answer: 70
70-1097Pulmonary circulation : The pathways on which deoxygenated blood is carried from the heart to the lungs and in return oxygenated blood is carried from the lungs to heart is called pulmonary circulation
Question: 71
Define species.
Answer: 71
71-1097A species is defined as a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring.
Question: 72
What is treatment of pneumonia?
Answer: 72
72-1097(i) Vaccines prevent pneumonia.
(ii) Antibiotics are used.
Question: 73
What are bad effect of smoking?
Answer: 73
73-1097Ans: (i) Smoking causes cancer in kidney oral Cavity, larynx, breast, bladder
(ii) Smoking effect air passage way.
(iii) Smoking effect circulatory system.
(iv) Smoking cause arteriosclerosis (Increase production of blood platelets) and narrowing the arteries.
Question: 74
Define cellular respiration?
Answer: 74
74-1097The process in which the C-H bond of food is broken down into CO2 and H2O by using oxygen by oxidation reduction reaction is called cellular respiration.
Question: 75
Define breathing?
Answer: 75
75-1097The physical movement movement associated with gaseous exchange
Question: 76
What is emphysema?
Answer: 76
76-1097It is respiratory disorder in which break down of alveolar wall occur. It result in larger sac but with has surface area for gaseous exchange.
Question: 77
What do you meant by transpiration Explain it .
Answer: 77
77-1097Transpiration is the loss of water from plant surface through evaporation . This loss may occur through stomatal in leaves through the cuticle present on leaf epidermis and through special opening called lenticels present in the stem of some plant . Most of transpiration occurs through stomata and is called stomatal transpiration
Question: 78
Name some respiratory disorders.
Answer: 78
78-1097Bronchitis, Emphyseinar,Phneumonia, Asthma, Lung cancer etc.
Question: 79
What are the causes of cancer?
Answer: 79
79-1097(i) Smoking
(ii) Ionizing radiation
(iii) Viral infection
Question: 80
What is epiglottis?
Answer: 80
80-1097Ans: The glottis is guarded by a flap of tissues and it also prevents food to enter into larynx
Question: 81
What is pneumonia?
Answer: 81
81-1097It is an infection of lungs. If it affects both Iungs is called double pneumonia
Question: 82
What is the treatment of lungs cancer ?
Answer: 82
82-10971: Chemotherapy 2: Radiotherapy
Question: 83
What are alveoli?
Answer: 83
83-1097These are cluster of pouches which form the respiratory surface in human body. Each alveolus is 3 sac like structure lined by a single layer of epithelial cells. It is bounded by a net-work of capillaries.
Question: 84
What is the rate of breathing during exercise?
Answer: 84
84-109730-40 times minute.
Question: 85
What is diaphragm?
Answer: 85
85-1097It is a thick muscular, dome shaped structure present below the lungs. It helps in breathing.
Question: 86
What are causes of pneumonia?
Answer: 86
86-1097Pneumonia is mostly caused by a bacterium streptococcus. It is also caused by virus or by fungal infection.
Question: 87
What is the significance of C-Shaped cartilaginous rings of trachea?
Answer: 87
87-1097These prevent the trachea from collapsing
Question: 88
What are causes of lung cancer?
Answer: 88
88-1097(i) Carcinogens present in tobacco smoke
(ii) Ionizing radiations (iii)Viral infection
Question: 89
Who many types of bronchitis?
Answer: 89
89-1097It usually lasts about two weaks. It has no permanent damage.
Question: 90
What are causes of asthma?
Answer: 90
90-1097(i) Allergens.
(ii) Irritants
Question: 91
What is rate of breathing at rest?
Answer: 91
91-109716-20 times minute.
Question: 92
Define transpiration .
Answer: 92
92-1097The loss of water in the form of vapours from the plant surface is called transpiration . It occurs through leaves
Question: 93
What is difference between breathing and respiration?
Answer: 93
93-1097Respiration and breathing are not the some process. Respiration is a mechanical and biochemical process while breathing is just a mechanical process.
Question: 94
What are symptoms of pneumonia?
Answer: 94
94-1097Cold that is followed by a high fever, shivering, cough with sputum production, Shortness of breath, skin purplish due to the poor oxygenation.
Question: 95
What are two phases of breathing?
Answer: 95
95-1097(i) Inspiration
(ii) Expiation
Question: 96
Differential between inspiration and expiration
Answer: 96
96-1097Intake of air from atmosphere into lungs is called inspiration and in expiration expelled out.
Question: 97
Name parts of air passageways
Answer: 97
97-1097Nose→Phyrnx→Larynx→Trachea→Bronchi→Bronchioles→
alveolar→ducts→alveoli
Question: 98
What is light microscope?
Answer: 98
98-1097The microscope which uses visible light through specimen to produce image
Question: 99
What structures are responsible for woody stems and mature roots?
Answer: 99
99-1097Lenticels
Question: 100
What are symptoms of bronchitis?
Answer: 100
100-1097Cough, Mild wheezing, Chills, Shortness of breath.
Question: 101
What is the effect of monoxide present in tobacco smoke ?
Answer: 101
101-1097Co in tobacco smoke decrease the O2carrying capacity of heamoglobin
Question: 102
Define Homeostasis ?
Answer: 102
102-1097Homeostasis may be defined as the maintenance of internal conditions of body at equilibrium despite changes in the external environment
Question: 103
Different between bronchi and bronchioles
Answer: 103
103-1097Trachea divided into two branches which are called bronchi. Each bronchus further divided into very fine tubes called bronchioles.
Question: 104
What is the treatment of emphysema?
Answer: 104
104-1097Drug therapy , Antibiotics
Question: 105
What are the % ages of inspired air and expired air?
Answer: 105
105-109721 % 02 in inspired air 16 % 02 in expired air
Question: 106
What is the major cause of emphysema?
Answer: 106
106-1097Smoking.
Question: 107
What are causes of bronchitis?
Answer: 107
107-1097It is caused by viruses, bacteria or exposure to chemical irritants
Question: 108
What is W.H.O ?
Answer: 108
108-1097W.H.O means World Health Organization
Question: 109
What are the symptoms of emphysema?
Answer: 109
109-1097Shortness of breath, Fatigue, weight loss
Question: 110
What is bronchitis?
Answer: 110
110-1097It is the inflammation of the bronchi & bronchioles. It result in more secretions of mucous int, these tubes. It leads to swelling of tubes.
Question: 111
Write function of ureter .
Answer: 111
111-1097Ureter in the tube which carry urine from kidneys to urinary bladder
Question: 112
What are bronchiodilators?
Answer: 112
112-1097These are chemicals which dilate the bronchioles. These are given to asthma patients in the form of inhalers.
Question: 113
What is the treatment of Bronchitis?
Answer: 113
113-1097Antibiotics are used to treat the patient.
Question: 114
What are the homeostatic organs in man ?
Answer: 114
114-1097Main homeostatic organs in man are :
1: Lungs
2: Skin
3: Kidneys
Question: 115
What are preventive measures of lung cancer?
Answer: 115
115-10971: Elimination of tobacco smoking
2: Cessation of smoking
Question: 116
What is asthma?
Answer: 116
116-1097It is chronic inflammation of bronchi which results in swelling and narrowing of air passageways.
Question: 117
How many carcinogens are found in cigarette smoke?
Answer: 117
117-1097Over 50
Question: 118
What is guttation ?
Answer: 118
118-1097The removal of water in the form of drops through special pores present at leaf tips or edges called guttation
Question: 119
Differentiate between diffusion and filtration .
Answer: 119
119-1097Diffusion :
1: The movement of molecules from higher concentration to lower concentration across membrane is called diffusion
2: Gas exchange in gills and lungs operates by diffusion
Question: 120
What is treatment of Asthma?
Answer: 120
120-1097(i) Bronchiodilators(ii) Antibiotics
Question: 121
What is passive smoking?What is its effect?
Answer: 121
121-1097Inhalation of smoke from another's smoking, is known as passive smoking. It may cause lung cancer.
Question: 122
What are symptoms of Asthma?
Answer: 122
122-1097Shortness of breath, Wheezing. Chronic cough. Tightness of chest.
Question: 123
What is composition of cytoplasm ?
Answer: 123
123-1097It is a semi viscous and semi transparent substance containing organic molecules (Note. Carbohydrates. lipids) & inorganic salts completely or partially dissolved in it. Its funetio:1/4), act as sue for various reactions.
Question: 124
What is metabolic wastes
Answer: 124
124-1097The waste produced during the metabolism of body . That may harm the body is called metabolic waste
Question: 125
What is the effect of smoking on teeth ?
Answer: 125
125-1097Smoking causes weakening and staining of teeth . The loss of teeth is 2-3 times higher in smokes than in non-smokes
Question: 126
What is lung cancer?
Answer: 126
126-1097It is disease of uncontrolled cell divisions in tissue of lungs.
Question: 127
What is excretion ?
Answer: 127
127-1097It is the elimination of metabolic wastes especially nitrogenous wastes (e.g urea ) from the body . It is done by urinary system
Question: 128
What do you mean by sub cellular or a cellular particles?
Answer: 128
128-1097According to first principle of cell theory all organisms are composed of one or more cells , Discovery of virus , prions ,and viroids claim that they are not composed of cells rather they are sub-cellular which do not run any metabolism . They show some characteristics of living organisms i-e they can increase in number and can transmit their characters to next generation . A cellular particles are not classified in any of the five kingdoms of organisms
Question: 129
Does smoking effect only lungs ?
Answer: 129
129-1097No, smoking may also effect other organs of body e.g kidneys, oral cavity , larynx , breast , bladder , pancreas etc
Question: 130
Define osmoregulation ?
Answer: 130
130-1097It is the maintenance of the amounts of water and salts in body fluids . It is done by kidneys and skin
Question: 131
How many different chemicals are found in cigarette smoke?
Answer: 131
131-1097Over 4000
Question: 132
Define thermoregulation
Answer: 132
132-1097It is the maintenance of internal body temperature
Question: 133
What is a renal tube ? What are its parts ?
Answer: 133
133-1097It is the part of nephron which starts after Bowman's capsule
Its parts are:
a: Proximal convoluted tubule
b: Loop of henle
c: Distal convoluted tubule
Question: 134
Does smoking increases chances of tuberculosis and pneumonia ?
Answer: 134
134-1097Yes , smoking increases chances of tuberculosis 2-4 times and pneumonia by 4 times
Question: 135
What is renal medulla ?
Answer: 135
135-1097Renal medulla is the inner part of kidney part of kidney and is pale red in colour
Question: 136
Differentiate between diffusion and facilitated diffusion?
Answer: 136
136-1097Diffusion :It is the movement of molecules from a an area of higher concentration to area of lower concentration i.e Alon concentration gradient
Question: 137
What are xerophytes and how they reduce water loss ?
Answer: 137
137-1097Xerophytes are the plants which live in dry environment . They have thick , waxy cuticle over their epidermis and less number of stomata to reduce water loss from internal tissues
Question: 138
Define Magnification and Resolving power?
Answer: 138
138-1097Magnification: It is increase in apparent size of an object.
Question: 139
What are allergens ?
Answer: 139
139-1097Allergens are the chemical or substances that can irritate the respiratory that are called as allergens . For example pollens ,fragrant particles ,dust particles etc
Question: 140
State cell theory?
Answer: 140
140-1097Cell theory in its modern form , includes the following principles
1: All organisms are composed of one or more cells
Question: 141
What are excretory products of plants ?
Answer: 141
141-1097The excretory products of plants include extra carbon dioxide , oxygen , water resins , gums mucilages , latx etc
Question: 142
What is the colour and shape of kidneys ?
Answer: 142
142-1097Colour : Dark-red
Shape : Bean - shape
Question: 143
What are the functions of leucoplasts and chromoplasts?
Answer: 143
143-1097Leucoplasts :
(i) They contain pigments associated with bright colors and are present in the cells of flow petals and fruits.
(ii) Their function is to give colors to these parts and thus help in pollination and dispersal fruit.
Chromoplasts: Chloroplasts are the sites of photosynthesis in eukaryotes. They contain chlorophyll (the gre, pigment necessary for photosynthesis) and associated pigments. These pigments are present the thylakoids of grana.
Question: 144
Why the positively charged electrode is called anode in electrolytic cell ?
Answer: 144
144-1097Positively charged electrode is called anode because it connected to the (+) terminal of the battery and all electrons move towards it as
2Cl-➜Cl(g) + 2e-
Question: 145
Define osmosis ?
Answer: 145
145-1097It is the movement of water from hypotonic solution to hypertonic solution through semi permeable membrane . Osmosis is the process which helps in opening and closing of stomata
Question: 146
Is hydrogen is the excretory product of plants?
Answer: 146
146-1097No , hydrogen is not a excretory product of plant
Question: 147
What are the major causes of kidney stones?
Answer: 147
147-1097(i) Diet containing more greeny vegetables, salts etc.
(ii) Recurring urinary tract infections.
(iii) Less intake of water.
(iv) Alcohol consumption.
Question: 148
Which system of human is called urinary system ?
Answer: 148
148-1097The excretory system of human is the urinary system
Question: 149
What is chemical composition of cell membrane?
Answer: 149
149-1097Chemically, cell membrane is normally composed of proteins and lipids with small quantities of carbohydrates.
Question: 150
What is halophytes ?
Answer: 150
150-1097Halophytes are the plants which live in sea water and are adapted to salty environment
Question: 151
What was contribution of Lamark in cell theory ?
Answer: 151
151-1097In 1809 , De Lamark proposed that nobody can have life if its parts are not cellular tissues or are not formed by cellular tissues
Question: 152
Write the function of kidney ?
Answer: 152
152-1097Function of kidney :
1: It filters water, salts ,urea , uric acid etc from the blood and from urine
2: It maintains salts and water balance in body fluids
Question: 153
Which regards are used to test proteins , lipids m glucose , and starch
Answer: 153
153-1097Macromolecules : Proteins , lipids , glucose (reducing sugar ),starch
Question: 154
What will happen if an animal is placed hypertonic cell?
Answer: 154
154-1097When cell is placed in hypertonic environment , the water from cell moves out due to osmosis and cell shrinks in size
Question: 155
Write the parts of urinary system ?
Answer: 155
155-10971: A pair of kidneys
2: A pair of ureters
3: A urinary bladder
4: A urethra
Question: 156
What is chemical composition of cell wall?
Answer: 156
156-1097Outer layer of cell wall is called primary wall consists of cellulose . Inner layer of wall consists of lignin and called is secondary cell wall
Question: 157
How goosebumps formed ?
Answer: 157
157-1097Goosebumps are formed by the contraction of small muscles attached at the base of hairs . It helps in thermoregulation by trapping air between hairs
Question: 158
Why are strong electrolyte termed as good conductor ?
Answer: 158
158-1097Electrolytes are good conductor because it completely ionized into its ions and it readily produced more ions as
NaOH (s)➜Na+(aq) +OH- (aq)
Question: 159
What are characteristics of cell wall?
Answer: 159
159-1097(i) Cell wall is non-living structure.
(ii) It is strong component.
iii) located outside plasma membrane.
(iv) - provides shape, strength, support and protection to cell.
Question: 160
What is Hilus ?
Answer: 160
160-1097It is a depression near centre of the concave area of kidney through which ureter leaves kidney and other structures enter or leave kidney
Question: 161
Differentiate eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell?
Answer: 161
161-1097Eukaryoticcell:
1: The organisms having eukaryotic cell is called as eukaryotes
2: Eukaryotic cells have prominent nucleus
Question: 162
Explain fluid mosaic model ?
Answer: 162
162-1097The fluid mosaic model explain the internal structure of cell membrane according to it cell membrane consists of a lipid bilayer in which protein molecules are embedded . The lipid bilayer gives elasticity and fluidity to the cell membrane . Small amount of carbohydrates is also present which combines with protein to form Glycoprotein or with lipid to form Glycolipid . In some eukaryotes small amount of cholesterol is also present in lipid bilayer
Question: 163
Give function of urinary bladder .
Answer: 163
163-1097It temporarily stores urine until it is released from body
Question: 164
What is cell?
Answer: 164
164-1097The cell is the basic structural functional and biological unit of all known living organism.A cell is the smallest unit of life.
Question: 165
Explain function of lysosome.
Answer: 165
165-1097A lysosome fuse with vacuole that contain targeted materials and its enzymes break down the material.
Question: 166
What is collecting duct?
Answer: 166
166-1097The distal convoluted tubules of many nephrons open in a single opening which collect the material, this opening is called collecting duct
Question: 167
What is location of kidney?
Answer: 167
167-1097They are located against the back wall of abdominal cavity just below diaphragm , one on either side of vertebral column
Question: 168
What are functions of centriole?
Answer: 168
168-1097They help in formation of spindle fibers during cell division.
(ii) They also form cilia (in paramecium). and flagella.
Question: 169
What size weight of kidney ?
Answer: 169
169-1097Length : 10cm
Width : 5cm
Thickness : 4cm
Weight : 120 g
Question: 170
From which food do we et vitamin 'C' ?
Answer: 170
170-1097We get vitamin 'C' from citrus fruit , leafy green vegetables beef and liver .
Question: 171
What is the importance of diffusion ?
Answer: 171
171-1097It is one principle method of movement of molecules across cell membrane
1: CO2 and O2 molecule can cross cell membrane by diffusion
2: Gas exchange in gills and lungs operate by this process
Question: 172
What is nephron ?
Answer: 172
172-1097Nephron is the structural and functional unit of kidney
Question: 173
What is the pH of blood?
Answer: 173
173-1097pH of blood is 7.35 to 7.45
Question: 174
What is renal cortex ?
Answer: 174
174-1097Renal cortex is the outer part of kidney and has reddish colour
Question: 175
What is the name of by-product produced in Downs's cell?
Answer: 175
175-1097The name of the by-product produced in Down Cell is Chlorine gas (Cl2).
Question: 176
Explain working of Na+ .K+ pump.
Answer: 176
176-1097In nerve cell membrane , Na+ is maintained at lower concentration inside the cell . So it is actively moved out by using ATP . While K+ are moved inside . So it is an example of active transport
Question: 177
Define Orgam?Give Example.
Answer: 177
177-1097Group of tissues doing a particular job e.g.The heart
Question: 178
What type of reaction takes place in electrolytic cell?
Answer: 178
178-1097In electrolytic cell non-spontaneous reaction takes place
Question: 179
Give mechanism of endocytosis .
Answer: 179
179-1097It is movement of bulky material inside the cell
1: A portion of cell membrane invaginates
2: The material from outside is taken inside the invagination
3: The open ends of invagination seal forms small vesicle
Question: 180
How much water is present in human body?
Answer: 180
180-1097Approximately 60% of the adult human body is composed of water.
Question: 181
Name the methods for the treatment of kidney failure?
Answer: 181
181-1097(i) Dialysis (a) Peritoneal dialysis (b) Haemodialysis
(ii) Kidney transplant
Question: 182
What is difference between meristematic and permanent tissues ?
Answer: 182
182-10971: Meristematic tissues have cells which have ability to divide
2: It is of two types
. Apical meristems
. Lateral meristems
3: They help in growth
Question: 183
What is pelvis ?
Answer: 183
183-1097A funnel shaped cavity in the kidney is called pelvis .
Question: 184
Differentiate between primary growth and secondary growth .
Answer: 184
184-1097Primary growth :
1: The total increase in length of plant is called primary growth
2: It is occurred by Apical meristems
Question: 185
How does vitamin 'A' help in vision ?
Answer: 185
185-1097Vitamin 'A' combines with a protein called opsin to form rhodospin in the rod cells of the retina of eye . When vitamin A is adequate , the lack of rhdospin makes it difficult to see in dim light .
Question: 186
What are pyramids ?
Answer: 186
186-1097Renal medulla consists of several cone shaped areas , which bare called pyramids
Question: 187
Write down the function of xylem and phloem tissues .
Answer: 187
187-1097Xylem tissues : Xylem tissues are responsible for the conduction of water from roots to the aerial parts of a plant . It also consists of secondary cell wall which is hard due to the presence of lignin so it is also function to support the plant body
Question: 188
How stones are formed in kidney?
Answer: 188
188-1097When urine becomes concentrated, crystals of calcium oxalate, calcium and ammonium phosphate, uric acid etc. are formed in it. Such large crystals cannot pass in urine and form hard deposits called kidney stones.
Question: 189
What is community?Give example.
Answer: 189
189-1097A community is an assembled of different population interacting which one another with in the same environment communities are collection of organisms in which one population may increase and other may decrease.
Question: 190
Differentiate between diffusion and osmosis .
Answer: 190
190-1097Diffusion : It is the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to the area of lower concentration e.g along concentration gradient
Question: 191
Difference between Glomerulus and Bowman's capsule
Answer: 191
191-1097Glomerulus : Glomerulus is a network of capillaries present inside the Bowman's capsule
Question: 192
Define biogeography.
Answer: 192
192-1097The study of the occurano and distribution of species in different geographical rigons of the world.
Question: 193
Which force drives the non-spontaneous reaction to take place?
Answer: 193
193-1097Non-spontaneous reactions are those which take place in the presence of an external agent. Those external agents arc electrons that cause electricity. So electric energy helps the non-spontaneous reaction to proceed
Question: 194
Which ions are discharged at Cathode in Nelson's cell and what is produced at Cathode?
Answer: 194
194-1097H+ ions are discharged at cathode in Nelson's cell and hydrogen gas produced, at cathode
2H+ + 2e-➜ H2
Question: 195
Do non-electrolytes do not form ions in solution ?
Answer: 195
195-1097No non-electrolytes do not form ions in solution
Question: 196
What are papillary ducts?
Answer: 196
196-1097Many collecting ducts join together to form several hundred papillary ducts
Question: 197
How are fibres important for humans?
Answer: 197
197-1097(i) Fibres prevents and relieves constipation by stimulating the contraction of intestinal muscles.
(ii) Soluble fibres help in lowering blood cholesterol and sugar levels.
(iii) Insoluble fibres speeds up the movements of carcinogens from intestine.
Question: 198
What are the afferent and efferent arterioles ?
Answer: 198
198-1097Afferent arterioles from glomerulus's . Efferent arterioles from glomerulus
Question: 199
What is difference between strong electrolyte and weak electrolyte ?
Answer: 199
199-1097Strong electrolyte:The electrolytes which ionize almost completely in Their aqueous solutions and produce more ions, are called strong electrolytes.
Question: 200
What is meant by malnutrition?
Answer: 200
200-1097Problems related to nutrition are grouped as malnutrition. It most often refers to under nutrition resulting from inadequate consumption, poor absorption or excessive loss of nutrients. Malnutrition also includes over nutrition, resulting from over eating or excessive intake of specific nutrient.
Question: 201
From which food do we get vitamin 'D'?
Answer: 201
201-1097We get vitamin D from fish liver oil ,milk , ghee and butter . It is also synthesized by skin . When ultraviolet (UV) radiations from sun are used to convert a compound into vitamin D
Question: 202
In the electrolysis of water , where is the oxygen produced ?
Answer: 202
202-1097In the electrolysis of water oxygen produced at anode as
4OH- (aq)➜ 2H2O(l) + O2(g)+4e-
Question: 203
What are deficiency symptoms of vitamin A,C,D ?
Answer: 203
203-1097Vitamin 'A' : It's deficiency cause poor growth , night blindness and dry skin
Question: 204
. What are three main steps of urine formation?
Answer: 204
204-1097(i) Pressure filtration
(ii)Selective re-absorption
(iii)Tubuler Secretion
Question: 205
Are anodes of downs cell and Nelson cell made of same element?If yes, what is it name
Answer: 205
205-1097Yes anode of downs cell and Nelson cell made of same element. its name is -graphite
Question: 206
What is the shape of cathode in Nelson's cell ? Why is it perforated ?
Answer: 206
206-1097In nelson's cell cathode is made of iron and have U-shaped . It is perforated because extra brine or NaOH can be easily separated
Question: 207
Differentiate between Morphology and physiology
Answer: 207
207-1097Morphology: This branch deals with the study of form and structures of living organisms
Question: 208
From which foods do we get vitamin 'A'?
Answer: 208
208-1097We get vitamin 'A' from leafy vegetables (spinach , carrots) yellow/ orange fruits ,liver, eggs, milk , butter
Question: 209
What are the leading causes of kidney failures?
Answer: 209
209-1097(i) Diabetes mellitus
(ii) Hypertension
(iii) Interruption in blood supply to kidney
(iv) Over dosage of medicines
Question: 210
In the electrolysis of water , towards which terminal H+ions move ?
Answer: 210
210-1097In the electrolysis of water (H2O )+or H+ions (hydronium) move towards the cathode
H+ + 1e- (H)
Question: 211
What is morphology?
Answer: 211
211-1097This bramble dead with the study of from and structure of living organism.
Question: 212
What type of reaction takes place at anode in electrolytic cell?
Answer: 212
212-1097Oxidation reaction takes place at anode .Anode is a positive charge electrode the atom on this electrode release electron as
2Cl- (l)➜ Cl2(g) + 2e-
Question: 213
What are the functions of vitamin 'A' 'C' and 'D' ?
Answer: 213
213-1097Vitamin 'A': It causes cell differentiation helps in growth , immunity , and helps in vision in dim light
Question: 214
What is Peritoneum?
Answer: 214
214-1097It is the membrane that lines the peritoneal cavity and contains blood vessels.
Question: 215
Define Anotomy?
Answer: 215
215-1097The study of the structure of internal argon.
Question: 216
What is the shape of cathode in Nelson's cell?Why is it perforated?
Answer: 216
216-1097Ans: In Nelson's cell cathode is perforated U-Shaped. It is made perforated so that the solution of sodium hydroxide is formed in it can slowly percolate into a catch basin.
Question: 217
What is stimulus ? Give example
Answer: 217
217-1097Any change in external or internal environment which can provoke a response is called stimulus e.g heat ,cold , pressure , sound , waves etc
Question: 218
Define Macro molecules?
Answer: 218
218-1097Micromolecules are with low molecular weight e.g glucose water etc and macro moleculers with high molecular weight e.g strafe pratcins lipids etc.
Question: 219
What is the signification of water in humans?
Answer: 219
219-1097Water functions as the environment in which water-soluble foodstuff is absorbed in the intestines and waste product are eliminated in urine. Water maintains body temperature through evaporation. Nearly all life-sustaining chemical reactions requires an aqueous (watery) environment.
Question: 220
What is neuron or nerve cell , name its types nervous system ?
Answer: 220
220-1097Neuron is the structural and functional unit of nervous system
Types
1: Sensory neuron
2: Motor neuron
3: Inter neuron
Question: 221
Which two components of food are not considered as nutrients ?
Answer: 221
221-1097Water and dietary fibres are not considered as nutrients , but they do play important role in life
Question: 222
Where does cytoplasm lies ? Which organic molecules are in it ?
Answer: 222
222-1097Cytoplasm is present between plasma membrane and nuclear membrane or envelope . It contains organic molecules like proteins , carbohydrates and lipids
Question: 223
Define Paleontology?
Answer: 223
223-1097It is the study of fossils which are the remain of extinct organisms.
Question: 224
What is function of cytoplasm ?
Answer: 224
224-1097Function :
1: It provides space for the proper functioning of organelles
2: It acts as size for various biochemical reactions such as glycolysis which occurs in cytoplasm
Question: 225
Write down the names of two types of simple tissues .
Answer: 225
225-1097There are two types of simple tissues
1: Meristematic tissues 2: Permanent tissues
Question: 226
What is kidney failure?
Answer: 226
226-1097It is partially or completely failure of kidney to function.
Question: 227
Why is meat not considered a good source of vitamin C
Answer: 227
227-1097Minute quantities of vitamin C are present in muscles . Since meat consists of muscles so it is not a good source of vitamin 'C'
Question: 228
What is dietary fibres?
Answer: 228
228-1097Dietary fibres (also known as roughage) is the part of human food that is indigestible. It is found only in plant food and it moves undigested through, stomach and small intestine and into colon.
Question: 229
Differentiate between fat soluble and water soluble vitamins .
Answer: 229
229-1097Fat soluble vitamins :
1: Cooking or heating destroy them less readily
2: These are much less excreted from the body , so their deficiency in body is less common
Question: 230
What do you mean by environmental biology?
Answer: 230
230-1097It deals with the study of the interactions between the organisms and their environment.
Question: 231
What do you mean by colony?Give Example.
Answer: 231
231-1097Prdueing organisms which are genetically identical to one another.
Question: 232
What are plasmodesmata ? Where are these found in cell?
Answer: 232
232-1097There are pores in the cell walls of adjacent cells , through which their cytoplasm is connected . These pores are called plasmodesmata
Question: 233
How can balanced diet be related to gender?
Answer: 233
233-1097Gender has an impact on the requirements of a balanced diet. Women have comparatively less metabolic rate than the men of same age and weight. So men need a balanced diet that pros ides comparatively more energy than the women require.
Question: 234
Write symptoms of kidney stones.
Answer: 234
234-1097(i) Severe pain in kidney
(ii) Vomiting
(iii) Frequent urination
(iv) Foul- smelling urine
(v) Blood and pus in urine
Question: 235
What is reverse osmosis ?
Answer: 235
235-1097In advanced water-treatment technologies , membrane -based filtration systems are used . In this process , semi-permeable membranes separate salts from water (reverse osmosis )
Question: 236
What is the role of fibres supplements in human body?
Answer: 236
236-1097Fibres supplements (such as ispaghol husk) when taken properly may help in constipation an in lowering cholesterol level.
Question: 237
What are common forms of malnutrition?
Answer: 237
237-1097Common forms of malnutrition include
1: CO Protein energy malnutrition include (PEM)
2: Mineral energy malnutrition
3: Over in takes of nutrients (0LN).
Question: 238
Define Genetics?
Answer: 238
238-1097The study of inheritance the terms-mission of characters from one generation to the other.
Question: 239
What are plastids ? Name their kind .
Answer: 239
239-1097Plastids are also membrane bounded organelle present in plants and photosynthesis protists
Question: 240
Anode of down cell is made of a non-metal , what is its name ? What is the function of this anode ?
Answer: 240
240-1097In down cell , there is a large block of graphite , which act as anode . The Cl-1 ions are oxidizes there produced Cl2 gas at anode
Question: 241
What is biophysics?
Answer: 241
241-1097The interdisciplinar science that deals with the study of the principles of physics which are applicable to biological phenomena.
Question: 242
What is dialysis?What are its types?
Answer: 242
242-1097It is the cleaning of blood by artificial methods. (i) Peritoneal dialysis (ii) Haemodialysis
Question: 243
What is anemia?
Answer: 243
243-1097The term anemia literally means "a lack of blood". It is caused when the number of red blood cells is reduced than the normal. If body fails to receive sufficient amount of iron, adequate number of haemoglobin molecules are not formed. In this case, there is not enough functioning of red blood cells. The patient is weak and there is shortage of oxygen. supply to body's cells.
Question: 244
Towards which electrode of the electrolytic cell moves the cation and what does they do there ?
Answer: 244
244-1097Cation carry positive charge they move towards the cathode in an electrolytic cell, they gain electrons at cathode an oxidized
Question: 245
What are the major causes of famine?
Answer: 245
245-1097Famine may be due to:
(i) Unequal distribution of food
(ii) Drought
(iii) Flooding
(iv) Increasing population
Question: 246
Differentiate between skeletal muscles and smooth muscles .
Answer: 246
246-1097Skeletal muscles : These are striated muscles attached to the bones and contain many nuclei . They are responsible for the movement . They are voluntary means their movement is under our will
Question: 247
From which two Greek words the word Biology is made
Answer: 247
247-1097The word biology is derived from two Greek words i.e bios meaning life and logos meaning thought or reasoning
Question: 248
Where does the sodium metal is collected in Down's cell ?
Answer: 248
248-1097Na+ are reduced at cathode and molten Na metal floats on the denser molten salts mixture from where it is collected in aside tube
2Na+ (l) + 2e-➜2Na (l)
Question: 249
How can balance diet be related to age?
Answer: 249
249-1097During growth period of the body there is higher metabolic rates in body cells and so the body needs a balanced diet that contains more energy. Adults need less proteins per kg body weight but growing boy or girl needs more protein/kg body weight- similarly children need more calcium and iron for their growing bones and red blood cells respectively.
Question: 250
What are the harmful effects of dehydration?
Answer: 250
250-1097Severe dehydration may result in cardiovascular problems
Question: 251
Differentiate between Microbiology and Morphology
Answer: 251
251-1097Microbiology; Microbiology is a major division of biology which deals with the study of micro organisms such as bacteria's viruses, protozoa etc
Question: 252
What are the types of coordination organisms ?
Answer: 252
252-1097Nervous coordination such coordination which is done by nervous system. Chemical coordination such coordination which is done by endocrine system
Question: 253
What is plasmolysis ?
Answer: 253
253-1097In a hypertonic environment of plant cell loses water and cytoplasm shrinks . The shrinking of cytoplasm is called plasmolysis
Question: 254
What is coordination ?
Answer: 254
254-1097The tissues or organs in body of multicellular , organisms work together performing their task as the needs of the whole body . This is called coordination . It has two types
1: Chemical coordination
2: Nervous coordination
Question: 255
Define Entomology
Answer: 255
255-1097Entomology is the study of insects like Cockroaches aunts etc
Question: 256
What are effectors ? Give example .
Answer: 256
256-1097These are the parts of body which receive messages from coordination and produce particular response , e.g muscles and glands
Question: 257
What is the balanced diet?
Answer: 257
257-1097A balanced diet may be defined as the food, which contains all the essential nutrients in correct proportions for the normal growth and development of the body
Question: 258
What are the components of coordinated action?
Answer: 258
258-10971: Stimulus
2:Receptor
3: Coordinator
4: Effector
5: Response
Question: 259
What are parasites
Answer: 259
259-1097Parasites are the organisms that take food and shelter from living hosts and in return harm their hosts lives
Question: 260
What are the symptoms of kidney failure?
Answer: 260
260-1097Symptoms of kidney failure
(i) High level of urea
(ii) Vomiting
(iii) Nausea
(iv) Weight loss
(v) Frequent urination
(vi) Blood in urine
(vii) Swelling of legs, feet and face
(viii) Shortness of breath
Question: 261
What is the function of neuron ?
Answer: 261
261-1097Neuron conduct impulses from receptors to coordinators and from coordinators to-effectors
Question: 262
How the half-cells of a galvanic-cell are connected ? What is the function of salt-bridge ?
Answer: 262
262-1097The two half-cell of the galvanic cell are connected by salt bridge , salt bridge is used to maintain the flow of ionic current and the electric neutrality
Question: 263
Write names of three main division of bioology
Answer: 263
263-1097Three main divisions of biology are given below
Question: 264
Define osmosis
Answer: 264
264-1097It is the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from solution of lesser solute concentration to a solution of higher solute concentration filtrations
Question: 265
What happens in malnutrition?
Answer: 265
265-1097Problems related to nutrition are grouped as malnutrition. It most often refers to under nutrition resulting from inadequate consumption, poor absorption or excessive loss of nutrients. Malnutrition also includes over nutrition, resulting front over eating or excessive intake of specific nutrient.
Question: 266
Why endoplasmic reticulum is called rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum ? Or how RER is differ from SER ?
Answer: 266
266-1097RER: Because of its rough appearance due to numerous ribosome that are attached to it ( Endoplasmic reticulum )
SER : Because of its smooth appearance due to absence of ribosome in ER
Question: 267
Differentiate between phagocytosis and pinocytosis
Answer: 267
267-1097Phagocytosis : The process by which a cell , such as a white blood cell , ingests microorganisms , other cells ,and foreign particles
Question: 268
What is meant by passive diffusion ?
Answer: 268
268-1097This type of diffusion in which molecules differ from membrane slowly without the expenditure of energy called passive diffusion
Question: 269
What is Science
Answer: 269
269-1097Science is the study in which observations are made experiments are done and logical conclusions are drawn in order to understand the principles of nature
Question: 270
Define turgor pressure and turgor .
Answer: 270
270-1097In hypothesis solution the outward pressure on cell wall exerted by internal water is known as turgor pressure and the phenomenon is turgor
Question: 271
What is the significance of coordination ?
Answer: 271
271-1097It enables the organisms to respond properly to stimuli . It helps to maintain internal condition which is done by endocrine system
Question: 272
What is metastasis ? Write role in cancer
Answer: 272
272-1097The process in which maligant cells (tumors) send the cancer to the parts of body (spreading of disease )
Question: 273
What are coordination ?
Answer: 273
273-1097These are the organs that receive information from receptors and send messages to particular organs for proper action . Brain and spinal cord are coordinators in case of nervous coordination and endocrine , glands are coordinators in chemical coordination
Question: 274
Which diseases are caused by mineral deficiency?
Answer: 274
274-1097(i) Goiter
(ii) Anemia.
Question: 275
What is centrosomes ?
Answer: 275
275-1097In animal cell two centrioles are present to the exterior of nuclear envelope . Two centrioles are collectively called centrosomes . Their function is to help in the formation of spindle fibers during cell division
Question: 276
What is protein energy malnutrition?(PEM).
Answer: 276
276-1097Protein energy malnutrition means inadequate availablility or absorption of energy and protein in the body. It is the cause of death in children in developing countries.
Question: 277
Define saltatory impulse. What its importance?
Answer: 277
277-1097In myelinated neurons, impulse jumps over the areas without myelin going from node to node. Such impulse is called saltatory impulses. It increases the speed of nerve impulse.
Question: 278
Differentiate between Morphology and Histology
Answer: 278
278-1097Morphology: Morphology is the branch of biology that deals with the study of form and structure of organisms
Question: 279
Differentiate between Endocytosis and Exocytosis .
Answer: 279
279-1097Endocytosis: It is the process of cellular ingestion of bulky materials by the in folding of the cell membrane
This process lost the part of cell membrane
There are two types of endocytosis
1: phagocytosis 2: pinocytosis
Question: 280
What are effects of malnutrition?
Answer: 280
280-1097An extended period of malnutrition:
(i) Starvation
(ii) Heart diseases
(iii) Constipation
(iv) Obesity
Question: 281
What is goiter?
Answer: 281
281-1097Goiter is a condition caused by an insufficient amount of iodine in diet. Iodine is used by thyroid gland to produce hormones that control the body's normal functioning and growth. If sufficient iodine is not available in a person's diet, thyroid gland becomes enlarged and it results in swelling in neck. This condition is goiter.
Question: 282
Ware are receptors ? Give example .
Answer: 282
282-1097Cells , tissues or organs of body which detect stimuli are called receptors e.g sound waves are detected by ear , light is detected by eyes, taste is detected by taste buds on tongue
Question: 283
Define ganglion
Answer: 283
283-1097Cell bodies of many neurons, form a group enveloped by a membrane. Phis is called ganglion.
Question: 284
Define ribosome , write their function and structure .
Answer: 284
284-1097These are tiny granular structures that are either floating freely in cytoplasm or are bound to endoplasmic reticulum . These are the sites for protein synthesis . These are made of almost equal amount of proteins and ribosomal RNA
Question: 285
Name different phases of nutrition in helium
Answer: 285
285-1097The nutrition in humans comprises of following phases
1: Ingestion
2: Absorption
3: Digestion
4: Assimilation
5 Ingestion
6: Defecation
Question: 286
Write the function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Answer: 286
286-1097It is involved in a lipid metabolism . It is involved in transport of materials from one part of cell to other
Question: 287
Define Biochemistry and Morphology
Answer: 287
287-1097Biochemistry Biochemistry deals with the study of the chemistry of different compounds and chemical reactions occurring in living organisms
Question: 288
What are functions of saliva?
Answer: 288
288-1097Saliva performs following functions. -
(i) It adds water and mucous to lubricate the food.
(ii) It contains an enzyme amylase which helps in the semi-digestion of starch
Question: 289
What are the major components of nervous system ?
Answer: 289
289-10971: Central nervous system ( Brain and spinal cord )
2: Peripheral nervous system (nerves and ganglia )
Question: 290
Differentiate between Cell Biology and Histology
Answer: 290
290-1097Call Biology: The study of the structures and functions of cells and cell organelles is called cell biology This branch also deals with the study of cell division
Question: 291
What are parasities
Answer: 291
291-1097Parasites: parasites are the organism that take food and shelter from living hosts and in return harm them
Question: 292
What is meant by churning?
Answer: 292
292-1097The process, in which the walls of the stomach contract and relax and mix food and gastric juice. is called churning. During this process heat is produced which help to melt the lipids of food.
Question: 293
Write the function of guard cell?
Answer: 293
293-1097Stomata in leaf epidermis are surrounded by guard cells . During daytime guards cells are making glucose and so are hypertonic (have higher concentration of glucose ) than their nearby epidermis cells . Water enters them from other cells and they swell . In this form they assume a rigid bowed shape and a pore is created between them . At night when there is low solute concentration in guard cells , water leaves them and they become flaccid . In this form both guard cells rest against one another and the opening is closed
Question: 294
What is Immunology
Answer: 294
294-1097Immunology is the branch of biology which deals with the study of the immune system of animals which defends the body against invading microbes
Question: 295
How can balanced diet be related to activity of human?
Answer: 295
295-1097Different people have different life styles and varied nature of work. A man with sedentary habits does not require as much energy as the man who is on his feet for most of the day.
Question: 296
Which diseases are caused by protein energy malnutrition?
Answer: 296
296-1097(i) Kwashiorkor: It is due to protein deficiency at the age of about 12 months. When breast-feeding is discontinued. Children may grow to normal height but are abnormally thin.
(ii) Marasmus: In it patients lose all their body fat and muscle strength and acquire a skeletal appearance. Children show poor growth. It develops between the ages of a 6 months and one year in children.
Question: 297
Write the difference between physiology and taxonomy
Answer: 297
297-1097The difference between physiology and taxonomy is given below
Question: 298
Describe the structure and function of Golgi apparatus and lysosomes .
Answer: 298
298-1097Golgi apparatus: An Italian physician Camillo Golgi discovered a set of flattened sacs (cisternae) in cell . In this set , many cisternae are stacked over each other . The complete set of cisternae is called Golgi apparatus or Golgi complex
Question: 299
Which health problems are caused by over intake of nutrients?
Answer: 299
299-1097Over intake of nutrients causes obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular problems, high does of vitamin A causes loss of appetite and liver problems, excess use of calcium result deposition of calcium in various tissues.
Question: 300
Differentiate between primary and secondary cell walls .
Answer: 300
300-1097Primary cell : The outer layer of plant cell wall is called primary cell wall and cellulose is major component it
Question: 301
What is meant by molecular biology
Answer: 301
301-1097The study of molecules of life is called molecujlar biology like Protein carbohydrates
Question: 302
What is over intake of nutrients?
Answer: 302
302-1097Over intake of nutrients causes a number of health problems. For example high intake of carbohydrates and fats leads to obesity, diabetes, and cardio vascular problems. Similarly high doze of vitamin A causes loss of appetite and deposition of calcium in various tissues
Question: 303
What are the parts of neurons ?
Answer: 303
303-1097Neurons consists of two parts cell body and fibers . Cell body consists of nucleus and cytoplasm . Fibers are of two types , dendrites and axons
Question: 304
What is centromere ? The point at which two sister chromotids are attached is called
Answer: 304
304-1097The point at which two sister chromatids are attached is called centromere
Question: 305
Name any four careers in Bioogy
Answer: 305
305-1097Medicine, Fisheries, Agriculture, Aimal Husbandry
Question: 306
what is meant by supporting tissues in plants ?
Answer: 306
306-1097Supporting tissues provide strength and flexibility to the plant body
Question: 307
Define pharmacology and immunology
Answer: 307
307-1097Pharmacology: Pharmacology deals with the study of medicines and their effects on the body of living organisms
Question: 308
What are the major parts of brain?
Answer: 308
308-1097i. Forebrain
ii. Midbrain
iii. Hind brain
Question: 309
What are Schwann cells?What is their role?
Answer: 309
309-1097These are special neuroglial cell located along axons and secrete myelin sheath. The myelin sheath is an insulator,
Question: 310
What is meant by fossiles
Answer: 310
310-1097Fossils are dead remains of extinct organisms and the study of fossils is called paleontology
Question: 311
What is cerebral cortex?
Answer: 311
311-1097Upper surface of cerebral hemispheres is called cerebral cortex. It consists of grey matter. It has four lobes
i. Frontal lobe
ii. Parietal lobe
iii. Temporal lobe
iv. Occipital lobe
Question: 312
What is difference between Zoology and Botary
Answer: 312
312-1097Zoology: The major division of biology which deals with the study of deals animals is called Zoology
Question: 313
List the most terrible famines of twentieth century.
Answer: 313
313-1097The most terrible famines of the twentieth century are; The Ethiopian famine 1983-85 The North Korean famine 1990
Question: 314
What are motor neurons?
Answer: 314
314-1097MN(s) carry information from interneurons to effectors.
Question: 315
What is spinal cord?
Answer: 315
315-1097It is the continuation of medulla oblongata. It is a tubular bundle of nerves. It consists white matter and central grey matter.
Question: 316
Define Anatomy
Answer: 316
316-1097The study of internal structures is called anatomy
Question: 317
What is microscopy ? And who discovered the first microscope ?
Answer: 317
317-1097The use of microscope is known as microscopy . The first compound microscope was developed by Zacharias Janssen , in Holland in 1595 . It was simply a tube with lenses at each end and its magnification ranged from 3X to 9X
Question: 318
What are nodes of Ranvier?
Answer: 318
318-1097The areas of myelin on a axon, there are non-myelinated points, called the nodes of Ranvier.
Question: 319
What is G0 phase ?
Answer: 319
319-1097In multicellular eukaryotes , cells enter G0 phase from G1 and stop dividing . Some cells permanently in Go and some semi permanently neurons and cells of liver , kidney respectively . Epithelial cells do not enter in Go phase in whole life of organisms
Question: 320
What is the difference between cell membrane and plasma membrane ?
Answer: 320
320-1097Cell membrane : When we talk about all the membranes of a cell , we say them as cell membrane
Question: 321
What is human alimentary canal?
Answer: 321
321-1097The digestive system of human consists of a long tube that extends from mouth to anus. This tube is called alimentary canal and its main sections are oral cavity. pharynx, oesophagus, stomach small intestine and large intestine. In addition there are many associated gland i.e , salivary glands, liver, pancreas.
Question: 322
A nerve cell after its formation remain in which phase of cell cycle ?
Answer: 322
322-1097In multicellular eukaryotes , cells enter G0 phase from G1 and stop dividing . Some cells remain in G0 for indefinite period e.g the nerve cell is enter in G0 phase of cell cycle
Question: 323
What is stomach?
Answer: 323
323-1097The stomach is a dilated part of the alimentary canal which is j-shaped and located in the left ofabdomen, just beneath diaphragm.
It has two main portions.
(i) The cardiac portion is immediately after oesophagus.
(ii) Pyloric portion is located beneath the cardiac portion.
Question: 324
What is difference between bengin and malignant tumor ?
Answer: 324
324-1097Bengin tumor :
1: The tumor which is localized is called bengin
2: The cells of cancer do not invade other tissues of body
Question: 325
What is meant by Taxonomy
Answer: 325
325-1097Taxonomy It is the study of the naming and classification of organisms into groups and subgroups
Question: 326
What functions performed by oral cavity?Oral cavity is the space behind mouth and it performs following functions:
Answer: 326
326-1097(i) Selection of food
(ii) Grinding of food
(iii) Lubrication
(iv) Digestion
Question: 327
What is response ?
Answer: 327
327-1097A response is the action performed by effectors in receiving the message from coordination e.g with drawl of hand from hot object
Question: 328
two functions perform by cell membrane .
Answer: 328
328-1097Cell membrane functions as a semi-permeable barrier , allowing a very few molecules across it while fencing the majority of chemicals inside cell . In this way cell membrane maintains the internal composition of cells
Question: 329
Define nerve impulse ?
Answer: 329
329-1097A nerve is waves of electrochemical changes which travels along the length of neurons
Question: 330
How does mutton provide us proteins?
Answer: 330
330-1097When we eat mutton and digest its proteins into amino acids. These amino acids are used to synthesize our proteins.
Question: 331
How is cytokinesis different in plant cells as compare the to animal cells?
Answer: 331
331-1097Cytokiaesis in plant cells: .
Crokinesis in plant cells occurs differently. Vesicles derived from the Golgi apparatus ore a t middle of cell and fuse to form a membrane-bounded disc called cell plate or phragmoplast. The grows outs and and more vesicles fuse with it. Finally, membranes of cell plate fuse wide as membrane and its contents join the parental cell wall. The result is two daughter cells, each bounded its own plasma membrane and cell wall.
Question: 332
Define Genes
Answer: 332
332-1097Genes is unit inheritance It transform genetic informations from one generation to next generation
Question: 333
What are interneurpns?
Answer: 333
333-1097IN(s) from brain and spinal cord. These neurons receive information, interpret, them and stimulate motor neurons.
Question: 334
What are bio element?
Answer: 334
334-1097Element that make the body of living organisms.
Question: 335
Define Biometery
Answer: 335
335-1097Biometry: It deals with the study of biological processes using mathematical techniques and tools
Question: 336
What do you mean by Horticulture an how it is related to Agriculture
Answer: 336
336-1097Horticulture Horticulture profession includes the art of gardening It is related to agriculture because a horticulturist works for the betterment of existing varieties and for the production of new varieties of or amential plants and fruit plants
Question: 337
What are sensory neurons?
Answer: 337
337-1097SN(s) conduct sensory information from receptors to CNS, SN(s) have one dendrite and one axon.
Question: 338
Define genetics and embryology
Answer: 338
338-1097Genetics: The study of genes and their roles in inheritance is called genetics inheritance means the transmission of characters from one generation to the other
Question: 339
What products are formed after digestion?
Answer: 339
339-1097Proteins are digested into amino acids, carbohydrates into glucose, lipids into fatty acids and glycerol. .
Question: 340
What is meant by pharmacology
Answer: 340
340-1097Pharmacology is the study of drugs and their effects on the system of the human body
Question: 341
What is pharynx?
Answer: 341
341-1097A part of alimentary canal through which food in the form of bolus goes and makes special adaptations to prevent the entry of bolus particles in trachea. No digestion takes place in pharynx.
Question: 342
What are the functions of hypothalamus?
Answer: 342
342-1097i. Links nervous system and exocrine system
ii. Controls pituitary gland
iii. Metabolic processes
iv. Controls feelings, like rage and, pleasure and sorrow
Question: 343
Define Biotechnology
Answer: 343
343-1097Biotechnology deals with the practical application of the living organisms to make substances for the welfare of making i.e the production of insulin from bacteria
Question: 344
Name three differenced parts of small intestine?
Answer: 344
344-1097i) First part is duodenum, which is 25cm long and here most of the digestive process occurs.
(ii) Second is jejunum, which is 2.4m long which is concerned with the rest of the digestion of the proteins, starch and lipids.
(iii) Last is ileum, which is 3.5m long it is concerned with the absorption of digested food.
Question: 345
Why cell membrane is called semi permeable membrane ?
Answer: 345
345-1097Cell membrane functions as a semi-permeable barrier , allowing a very few molecules across it while fencing the majority of chemicals inside cell . In this way , cell membrane maintains the internal composition of cells
Question: 346
How brain is protected?
Answer: 346
346-1097Brain is protected by i. Cranium iii. Cerebrospinal fluid
Question: 347
Write achievements of Bu Ali Sine in Biology
Answer: 347
347-1097He is honored as the founder of medicine and called as Avicenna in the west He was a physician philosopher astronomer and poet One of his books Al Qanoon fil-tib is known as canon of medicine in west
Question: 348
What are faeces?
Answer: 348
348-1097The solid remains of food which contain undigested material are called faeces. Faeces also contain bacteria, sloughed off cells of alimentary canal, bile pigment and water.
Question: 349
What is brain stem?
Answer: 349
349-1097The medulla oblongata, pons and midbrain connect the rest of brain to spinal cord collectively called brain stem
Question: 350
If due to any reason, the direction of peristalsis reverses, what would be the result?
Answer: 350
350-1097Vomiting
Question: 351
What is cerebrum?What is its function?
Answer: 351
351-1097It is the largest part of brain.
Functions :
It control skeletal muscles, thinking, intelligence and emotions.
Question: 352
Define Genetics
Answer: 352
352-1097The study of genes and their roles in inheritance is called genetics Inheritance means the transmission of characters from one generation to the other
Question: 353
Name the parts of forebrain
Answer: 353
353-1097i. Thalamus
ii. Hypothalamus
Question: 354
Define necrosis
Answer: 354
354-1097Necrosis is accompanied by release of special enzymes from lysosomes the lysosomes enzymes break cellular components and may also be released outside the cells . The cells dead by necrosis and can produce harmful chemicals that damage the other cells
Question: 355
What do you know about liver?
Answer: 355
355-1097Ans: Liver is the largest gland of body. It is multi-lobed and dark reddish in appearance. It %%eight 1.5 kg and is the size of a football. It lies beneath the diaphragm on the right side of abdomen. Its right lobe is larger than left lobe. A pear shaped greenish yellow sac i.e. gall bladder lies along the right lobe of liver on ventral side.
Question: 356
Define physiology and anatomy
Answer: 356
356-1097Physiology: This branch deals with the study of the functions of different parts of living organisms
Question: 357
Plants do not make their gametes by meiosis. How is that?
Answer: 357
357-1097Plants' life cycle shows alternation of generations. The cells of diploid sporophyte undergo meiosis to produce haploid spores. which grow into haploid gametophyte generations Gametophyte generation produces haploid gametes through mitosis. The gametes combine to produce diploid zygote. Zygote undergoes repeated mitosis to become diploid sporophyte
Question: 358
What is famine?
Answer: 358
358-1097Famine means the lack of enough food to feed all the people living in an area.
Question: 359
Differentiate between Environmental Biology and Cell Biology
Answer: 359
359-1097Environmental Biology: The study of interaction of organisms and their environments is called environmental biology
Alternative term for Environmental Biology is Ecology
Question: 360
What is difference between Karyokinesis and cytokinesis
Answer: 360
360-1097Karyokinesis : The division of nucleus is called Karyokinesis. It is the phase of mitotic phase .
Question: 361
Is it possible to reverse the events of the cell cycle ?
Answer: 361
361-1097The events of cell cycle are ordered and directional i-e each event occurs in a sequential fashion and it is impossible to ' reverse' the cycle
Question: 362
What is difference between interface and inter phase 2 ?
Answer: 362
362-1097inter phase : Inter phase has S phase to duplicate chromosomes
Question: 363
Define organelle and cell level.
Answer: 363
363-1097Microscopic structure which does a particular job in a cell,
Cell level:Cell are formed each type of organelle is specialized to perform a specific function.
Cell level:Cell are formed each type of organelle is specialized to perform a specific function.
Question: 364
Name the parts of hind brain.
Answer: 364
364-1097Medulla oblongata
ii. Cerebellum
iii. Pons
Question: 365
In which part of the alimentary canal the maximum absorption of nutrients occurs?
Answer: 365
365-1097Small intestine
Question: 366
What is the role of thalamus?
Answer: 366
366-1097Relay centre between parts of brain & spinal cord receives and modifies sensory impulses before they travel to cerebrum. Pain perception and consciousness.
Question: 367
Differentiate mitosis and meiosis .
Answer: 367
367-1097Mitosis:
1: It takes place in somatic cell
2: It results in two daughter cell
3: No crossing over takes place
4: No. of chromosomes remain same as in parent cell
Question: 368
Write twoi uses of surgery
Answer: 368
368-1097In surgery the parts of the body may be repaired
In surgery the parts of the body may be repaired
In surgery the parts of the body may be removed
Question: 369
What is S-phase ?
Answer: 369
369-1097In this phase , cell duplicates its chromosomes . As a result each chromosomes consists of two sister chromatids
Question: 370
1: Name the lobes of cerebrum (cerebral cortex)
Answer: 370
370-1097: i. Frontal
ii. Occipital
iii. Parietal
iv. Temporal.
Question: 371
What are preventions of diarrhea?
Answer: 371
371-1097Preventions of diarrhea include taking proper water and essential salts, eating regularly and taking hygienic measures.
Question: 372
What is meant by Bioeconomics
Answer: 372
372-1097Bioecomics deals with the study of organisms from economical point of view For example the cost value and economical point of view For example the cost value and profit value of the yield of wheat can be calculated through bioeconomic
Question: 373
What do you mean by Parasitology and biotechnology
Answer: 373
373-1097parasitology: Parasitology deals with the study of parasites like study of plasmodium
Question: 374
Describe G1 phase ?
Answer: 374
374-1097After production , cell starts cell cycle with G1 phase . During G1 , cell increases its supply proteins , increase number of its organelles and grow in size . This is marked by synthesis enzymes which are required in next phase
Question: 375
Why is Jabir Bin Hayan famous
Answer: 375
375-1097Jabir Bin Hayman: Jabir Bin Hayman was born in Iran He introduced experimental investigation in chemistry and also wrote a number of book on plants and animals His famous books are Al Napata and Al Hayman
Question: 376
What is crossing over? Gove its one benefit .
Answer: 376
376-1097Crossing over : The non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes exchange their segments and the phenomenon is known as crossing -over
Question: 377
Describe Animal Husbandry as career in biology
Answer: 377
377-1097Animal Husbandry: It is the branch of agriculture concerned with the care and breeding of domestic animals
Question: 378
Which three secretions are present in small intestine?
Answer: 378
378-1097(i) Bile from liver helps in the digestion of lipids. Pancreatic juice from pancreas, which contain trypsin, pancreatic amylase and lipids, which digest protein, carbohydrate and lipids respectively.
(ii) Intestinal juice from intestine walls which contain many enzyme for complete digestion of all kinds of food.
Question: 379
What is Biogeography
Answer: 379
379-1097Biogeography is the study of occurrence and distribution of different species of living organisms in different geographical regions of the world It applies the knowledge of the characteristics of particular geographical regions to determine the characteristics of living organisms found there
Question: 380
What is synapsis ?
Answer: 380
380-1097The homologous chromosomes line up with each other and form pairs by process called synapsis
Question: 381
What is gastrin?
Answer: 381
381-1097Some cells of stomach walls release a hormone called gastrin. This hormone enters blood and is distributed to all parts of body. In stomach, it has specific effect and stimulates the gastric glands to secrete more gastric juice.
Question: 382
What is species
Answer: 382
382-1097Species: A species is a group of organisms which can interbreed freely among them and can reproduce fertile offering but are reproductively isolated from all other such groups in nature Basic unit or category of classification is species
Question: 383
What is metaphase plate ?
Answer: 383
383-1097The chromosomes arrange in cell equator and form a plate called a metaphase plate .
Question: 384
Define Habitat
Answer: 384
384-1097Habitat means the area of the environment in which organism lives
Question: 385
What do you known about volvox?
Answer: 385
385-1097volvox is a green alga found in water that showes colonial organization hundreds of volvox cells make a colony.
Question: 386
What are prokaryotes and eukaryotes?Give example.
Answer: 386
386-1097The organisms in first group are made of cells of prokaryotes while other groups have eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells have promin-ent nucleus while prokaryatic cell do not have prominent nucleus.
Question: 387
Name three parts of large intestine.
Answer: 387
387-1097Large Intestine has Three Parts:
(i) Caecum
(ii) Colon
(iii) Rectum
Question: 388
Define Socio-biology
Answer: 388
388-1097Socio biology is the branch of biology that deals with the study of social behavior of animals that make societies
Question: 389
Differentiate between diploid and haploid cells.
Answer: 389
389-1097Diploid
It means the cells in which chromosomes are in pairs
Example: in somatic cells.
Question: 390
Explain Medicine and Surgery Career in Biology
Answer: 390
390-1097Medicine The profession of medicine deal with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases in human
Question: 391
What are major biological issues noweadays
Answer: 391
391-1097Human population growth infectious diseases addictive drug and pollutions are the major biological issues nowadays
Question: 392
What type of cell division occur during wounds healing?
Answer: 392
392-1097Mitosis occurs when our wounds are healed.
Question: 393
Define nerve. What are its types?
Answer: 393
393-1097A nerve is formed by union' of several axons that are enveloped by lipid layer. Types: nerves i. Sensoryrves Motor nerves iii. Mixed nerves
Question: 394
Write four names of unicellular organisams
Answer: 394
394-1097Unicellular Organisms consist of only Sigle cell
A single cell perform all functions and activities of an organism
Question: 395
What is autonomic system?
Answer: 395
395-1097It is responsible for the activities, which are not under conscious control. It consist, of motor neurons that send signals to cardiac muscles. smooth muscles and glands. It consists of sympathetic and parasympathetic system.
Question: 396
How bacteria present in colon are important?
Answer: 396
396-1097Bacteria in colon produce vitamin K, which is important in coagulation of blood.
Question: 397
What is the function of parasympathetic system?
Answer: 397
397-1097i. It slows down the overall activity of body.
ii. It causes pupils to contract.
iii. It promotes digestion.
iv. It slows the rate of heartbeat.
Question: 398
What are villi?
Answer: 398
398-1097There are circular folds in the inner wall of ilium. These folds have numerous finger like projections called Villi. Villi increase the surface area of the inner walls and it helps a lot in the absorption of digested food.
Question: 399
What is Farming
Answer: 399
399-1097It deals with the development and maintenance of different type of farm For example in some farms animal breeding technologies are used for the production of animals which are better protein and milk source In poultry farms chicken and effs are produced Similarly in fruit farms different fruit yielding plants are grown A studding who has gone through the professional course of agriculture animal husbandry or fisheries can adopt this profession.
Question: 400
What is Difference between disjunction and non-disjunction?
Answer: 400
400-1097Disjunction:The normal separation of chromosomes or sister chromatin in meiosis is known as disjunction
For example : In normal separation 56 chromosomes are present
Question: 401
What are causes of diarrhea?
Answer: 401
401-1097The main causes of diarrhea include lack of adequate safe water. Diarrhea is also caused by viral or bacterial infections of large intestine.
Question: 402
What is parasitology?
Answer: 402
402-1097This branch deals with the study of parasites.Parasites are the organisms that take food and shelter from living hosts and in return,harm them.
Question: 403
What is lacteal?
Answer: 403
403-1097Large vessel of lymphatic system is called lacteal.
Question: 404
What is the role of liver in digestive system?
Answer: 404
404-1097Liver secretes bile, which is stored in gall bladder, when gall bladder contracts ,the, bile is released to duodenum through common duct
Question: 405
How is food digested in stomach?
Answer: 405
405-1097When food enters the stomach, the gastric glands secrete gastric juice, which contains mucous, digestive enzyme and pepsinogen to pepsin ,which digest proteins of food into polypetides and shorter pepide chains HCl also kills micro-organisms.
Question: 406
What is phragmoplast ?
Answer: 406
406-1097In plant cell , during cytokinesis , vesicles derived from the Golgi apparatus move to the middle of cell and fuse to form a membrane bounded disc called cell plate or phragmoplast
Question: 407
What is Organ System
Answer: 407
407-1097Organ System Different organs performing related functions are organized together in the form of an organ system In an organ system each organ carries out its specific function and the functions of all organs appear as the function of the organ system
Question: 408
What is appendix?
Answer: 408
408-1097A non-functional finger-like process called appendix arises from the blind end of caecum. Inflammation of appendix due to infection causes severe pain. The infected appendix must be removed surgically otherwise it may burst and inflammation
Question: 409
Differentiate between somatic cells and germ like cells .
Answer: 409
409-1097Somatic cells : Somatic cells are those which form the body of organism . Somata cells undergo mitosis
Question: 410
What is Biosphere level
Answer: 410
410-1097The part of Earth inhabited by organisms communities is known as biosphere It constitutes all ecosystems and is called the zone of life on Earth or biosphere
Question: 411
What is interphase?
Answer: 411
411-1097The time when a cell's metabolic activity is very high is called interphase. It has 3 phase. (i) Gl phase (ii) G2 phase (iii) S-Phase
Question: 412
Where are faeces stored?
Answer: 412
412-1097Faeces are temporarily stored in the rectum which opens out through anus-under normal condition, when rectum is filled up with faeces, it gives rise to a reflex and anus is opened for defectation.
Question: 413
Define meiosis
Answer: 413
413-1097Meiosis is the process by which one diploid eukaryotic cell divide to generate four 11,04 daughter cells. It usually happens during gamete formation.
Question: 414
Write down the namesof groups of biomolecules and give example
Answer: 414
414-1097Biomolecules Bioelements in living organisms combine through ionic and covalent bond formation to form stable particles know as biomolecules
Question: 415
What is the-treatment for diarrhea?
Answer: 415
415-1097The treatment for diarrhea involves consuming adequate amounts of water to replace the loss. preferably mixed with essential salts and some amount of nutrients. Antibiotics may be required if diarrhea is due to bacterial infection.
Question: 416
Define reproduction
Answer: 416
416-1097Reproduction is a biological process by which living things produce the individuals of the same species i-e the next generation of species
The most basic characteristics of life is reproduction , reproduction occurs at different levels of organizations . Parts of cell such as chromosomes produce new chromosomes ,cells produce new cells this all involve in reproduction
Question: 417
Name famous books of jabar Bin Hayan and Abdul Malik Asmal
Answer: 417
417-1097Al-Nabatat and Al-Hayman are written by jabir Bin-Hayan Famous books written by Abdul Malik Asma were Al-abil Camel Al khail Horses Al Whoosh animal
Question: 418
Define mitosis and give its one benefit .
Answer: 418
418-1097Mitosis is a type of cell division in which a cell divides into two daughter cells . Each with the same number of chromosomes as was present in parent cell
Question: 419
How can constipation be treated?
Answer: 419
419-1097Treatment of constipation is with a change in dietary and exercise habits. The medicines called laxatives (e.g. paraffin) are used for treatment.
Question: 420
What do you know about the profession Agriculture
Answer: 420
420-1097Agriculture profession deals with the food crops and the animals which are the source of food An agriculturist works for the battement of Crops like wheat nce corn etc and animals like buffalo cow etc from which we get food in Pakistan there are many universities which offer professional courses on agriculture
Question: 421
Write any three, functions of liver.
Answer: 421
421-1097(i) Destroys old red blood cells.
(ii) Converts ammonia to less toxic form i.e. urea.
(iii) t ore blood clotting proteins called fibrinogen.
Question: 422
Define G2 phase .
Answer: 422
422-1097In this phase , a cell prepares protein that are essential for mitosis . After G2 phase of interphase cell enters the division phase
Question: 423
What is diarrhea and write the symptoms?
Answer: 423
423-1097Diarrhea is a condition in which the sufferer has frequent watery, loose bowel movements which are accompanied by abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. It occurs when required water is not absorbed in blood from colon.
Question: 424
Name vegetative and reproductive parts of Mustard Plant
Answer: 424
424-1097Reproductive parts: Flowers
Vegetative parts: Roots, stem, Branches
Question: 425
What is the composition of PNS?
Answer: 425
425-1097It is composed of nerves and ganglia. Nerves are of mo tspes, spinal and cranial nerves.
Question: 426
Does mitosis takes place in prokaryotes?
Answer: 426
426-1097Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotes cells . Prokaryotes cells undergo a process similar to proper mitosis called Binary fission
Question: 427
Define tissue?Give Example.
Answer: 427
427-1097In nul Group of cells of the same type doing a particular job the grandular tissues,muscular tissue nervous tissue etc.
Question: 428
Differentiate between Macromolecules and Macromolecules with example
Answer: 428
428-1097Macromolecules: Molecules with low molecular weight are called macromolecules
Question: 429
What are parasite?
Answer: 429
429-1097An organisms that live on or an another organisms and cause harm to it.
Question: 430
Differentiate between anabolism and catabolism
Answer: 430
430-1097Anabolism
includes the biochemical reactions in which larger molecules are reactions in which larger molecules are it synthesized. Energy is utilized in broken down. Usually energy is released in anabolism_ catabolism.
Examaple: Photosynthesis
Question: 431
What is the role of medulla' oblongata?
Answer: 431
431-1097i. Controls breathing, heart rate and blood pressure.
ii. Controls vomiting. coughing sneezing.
Question: 432
What is constipation?
Answer: 432
432-1097Constipation is a condition where a person experiences hard faeces that are difficult to eliminate.
Question: 433
Are all biochemical catalysts proteins?
Answer: 433
433-1097All biochemical catalysts are not proteins, for example some RNA molecules also catalyze reactions
Question: 434
Define Population
Answer: 434
434-1097Population A population is defined as a group of organisms of the same species located at the same place in the same time.
Question: 435
What are causes of constipation?
Answer: 435
435-1097The main causes of constipation include excessive absorption of water through colon. insufficient intake of dietary fibre, dehydration, use of medicines (e.g. those containing iron. calcium and almunium)and tumours in rectum or anus
Question: 436
Write down two names of each plant and animal tissues
Answer: 436
436-1097Ground and vascular tissues are the plant tissues Nervous and Muscular tissues are the animal tissues
Question: 437
Differentiate between spinal and cranial nerves.
Answer: 437
437-1097Cranial Nerves
1. Those nerves which arise from Brain are called as cranial nerves.
2. There are twelve pairs of cranial Nerves which are some sensory Some motor and some mix.
Question: 438
What is somatic nervous system?
Answer: 438
438-1097It controls conscious and voluntary actions. It includes all of the motor neurons that conduct impulses from CNS to skeletal muscles.
Question: 439
Why the division in prokaryotes is not called mitosis ?
Answer: 439
439-1097Prokaryotes do not have proper nucleus and do not form spindles during divisions . That is why there divisions is not called mitosis
Question: 440
Write down the levels of organization is sequence
Answer: 440
440-1097Sub atomic and Atomic level, Molecular level, Organelle and cell level, Tissue level, Organ and Organ system level. Organism level, Population level, Community level, Biosphere level
Question: 441
What do you know about outer layer of eye ball?
Answer: 441
441-1097i. It consists of sclera and cornea.
ii. Sclera gives eye most of its white colour. In front, it forms a transparent cornea.
iii. Cornea admits light to interior of .eye and bends light rays so that they can be brow to a focus.
Question: 442
What is meant by Bio-Elements
Answer: 442
442-1097Out of the 92 kinds of elements that occur in nature 16 are bioelements These take part in makin the body mass of a living organisms Out of these bioelements Only sex and make of the total mass Other ten One collectively make of the total mass
Question: 443
Differentiate between bleds and apoptotic body .
Answer: 443
443-1097Bleds : In apoptosis , cell membrane makes buds which is filled with chromatin bodies them called bleds
Question: 444
What is Community Level
Answer: 444
444-1097Community Level: A community is an assemble of different population interacting with one another within the same environment
Question: 445
What is the role of eyelids and eyelashes?
Answer: 445
445-1097i. Eye lids wipe eyes and prevent dehydration.
ii. Eyelash prevents fine particles from entering the eye.
Question: 446
In which industries enzymes are extensively used for fast chemical reactions?
Answer: 446
446-1097Enzymes are extensively used in: (i) Food industry (ii) Brewing industry (iii) Paper industry (iv) Biological detergents
Question: 447
What is colonial organization?
Answer: 447
447-1097Producing organisms which are genetically dentical to one another.
Question: 448
Write examples of complex communities
Answer: 448
448-1097grater number and size of populations
Question: 449
State cytokinesis
Answer: 449
449-1097The division of cytoplasm is called cytokinesis
Question: 450
Write down the scientific name of Crow and Frog
Answer: 450
450-1097Frog Rana tigrine
House Crow: Corus splendens
Question: 451
What are the functions of spinal cord?
Answer: 451
451-1097i. It serves as a link between body parts and brain. ii. It acts as a coordinating centre, responsible for simple reflexes
Question: 452
What is the result of denaturation of enzymes?
Answer: 452
452-1097Denaturation of enzymes results in rapid decrease in the rate of enzymes action and it may be blocked completely.
Question: 453
Write comparison between cell level and tissue level
Answer: 453
453-1097Cell level: Cell or cell level organization is a unit of structure and function of living organisms
A cell level organization is composed of different subcellular organelles performing specific functions
Question: 454
Define fovea what is its functions?
Answer: 454
454-1097It is a dip in retina. directly opposite to lens and is densely packed with cone cells. Function: It is responsible for colour vision in humans and enable high sharpness such as is necessary in reading.
Question: 455
Differentiate between Species and Habitat
Answer: 455
455-1097Species: Species is a group of organisms which can interbreed among themselves to produce fertile offspring
Question: 456
What are the functions of sympathetic system?
Answer: 456
456-1097It prepares body to deal with emergency situations "fight or flight response". During an emergency situation, this system takes necessary actions. For example it dilates pupils, accelerates heartbeat. increases breathing rate and inhibits digestion.
Question: 457
How are enzymes classified?
Answer: 457
457-1097Enzymes are usually very specific for the type of reaction and for the nature of the substrates.
Question: 458
Define Biophysics
Answer: 458
458-1097Biophysics: It deals with the study of principles of physics which are applicable to biological phenomena
Question: 459
Define reflex action.
Answer: 459
459-1097The fast involuntary action in which spinal cord act as a coordinator
Question: 460
What is ulcer?
Answer: 460
460-1097Ulcer (peptic ulcer) is a sore in the inner wall of gut (in stomach, oesophagus or duodenum). In ulcer, the acidic gastric juice gradually breaks down the tissue of the inner wall.
Question: 461
Define apoptosis .
Answer: 461
461-1097Apoptosis is one of the main types of programmed cells death , during apoptosis , cells shrinks and becomes rounded due to the breakdown of cytoskeleton by enzymes . It chromatin undergoes condensation and nuclear envelope breaks
Question: 462
Define Reflex arc.
Answer: 462
462-1097It is the nerve pathway over which nerve impulse travels in a reflex action
Question: 463
Define Colonial Organization and give example
Answer: 463
463-1097Colonial Organization: In colonial type of cellular do not have any division of labour amony them Each unicellular organismal in a colony lives its own life and does not depend on other cells for its vital requirements
Question: 464
Write the names of two tissues present in stomach
Answer: 464
464-1097Epithelial Tissue, Muscular Tissue
Question: 465
medium. Define products of an enzyme action.
Answer: 465
465-1097When enzymes attaches with the substrate, a temporary enzyme — substrate (ES) complex i! formed — Enzyme catalyzes the reaction and substrate is transferred into product.
E+S➜ES Complex➜ E+P
Question: 466
What are Iris and Pupil?
Answer: 466
466-1097Behind cornea. choroid bends to form a muscular ring called Iris. The centre of this iris is called pupil. Light first pass through pupil.
Question: 467
Define emulsification.
Answer: 467
467-1097The breakdown of fat molecules by the bile salt of bile is called emulsification.
Question: 468
Write down the scientific name of Frog and two characteristic
Answer: 468
468-1097The scientific name of Frog is Rana tigrine
Question: 469
Define Metabolism.
Answer: 469
469-1097The set of biochemical reactions that occur in living organism in order to maintain life is called metabolism.
Types: They are two types of metabolism
(i) Anabolism (ii) Catabolism I.
Question: 470
Write role of calcium and fluoride in human body ?
Answer: 470
470-1097Calcium activates enzymes and it is also needed for maintaining cell membranes and connective tissues and for activation of several enzymes . Fluoride stabilizes bone mineral and hardens the tooth enamel
Question: 471
What is bengin tumors ?
Answer: 471
471-1097bengin tumors as long as these tumors remain in their original location , they are called bengin tumors
Question: 472
Write the names of vegetative organs of Plants
Answer: 472
472-1097Roots, stem branches and leaves are the vegetative organs of plants which do not take part in the sexual reproduction of the plant
Question: 473
Define population?Give example.
Answer: 473
473-1097A population is defines as a group of organisms of the same species located at same place,in the same time.
Question: 474
Define Tissue and organ also give example
Answer: 474
474-1097Tissues In multicellular organisms tissues can be defined as a group of similar cells specialized for the performance of a common function
Question: 475
is protein formed and what is its function in the body ?
Answer: 475
475-10971: Proteins are composed of amino acids
2: They play a role as enzymes
3: They can be used for gaining energy
4: We use protein for growth
Question: 476
How does mitosis significant?
Answer: 476
476-1097Importance of mitosis is the maintenance of chromosomal set i-e each daughter cell receives chromosomes that are alike in composition and equal in number to the chromosomes of parent cell . During the occasions of development and growth , cell replacement , regeneration and asexual reproduction , mitosis happens
Question: 477
The orgn system level of animals is more complex than plants
Answer: 477
477-1097Organs performing similar functions in multicellular organism organize together to form organ system level The organ system level of animals is more complex than plants because animals have to perform greater functions and activities than plants
Question: 478
Birds have higher body temperature than mammals. What would ha' en to the activity of a bird's enzyme if it is given temperature of 37°C.
Answer: 478
478-1097Reaction will slow down.
Question: 479
Write two functions of muscular tissue
Answer: 479
479-1097Muscular tissue moves the bones of skeleton
Muscular tissue makes heart beat
Question: 480
Write the role of phosphorous and zinc in plant ?
Answer: 480
480-1097Phosphorous : Component of ATP nuclei acids and coenzymes , necessary for seed germination , photosynthesis , protein formation etc .
Question: 481
Define activators.
Answer: 481
481-1097The substance, which increase or speed up the activity of enzymes are called activators.
Question: 482
What is the scientific name of mustard plant Describe its twoi advantages
Answer: 482
482-1097The scientific name of Mustard plant is brassica composters This plant is sown in winter and it produces seeds at the end of winter
Question: 483
Differentiate between vegetative and reproductive organs
Answer: 483
483-1097The difference between vegetative and reproductive organs are given below
Question: 484
How many enzymes are known?
Answer: 484
484-1097There are over 2000 known enzymes, each of which is involved in one specific chemical reaction.
Question: 485
How is ulcer treated?
Answer: 485
485-1097Ulcer is treated with medicines which neutralize the acidic affects of gastric juice.
Question: 486
What errors may occur in mitosis ?
Answer: 486
486-1097Errors in the control of mitosis may cause cancer . All cells have genes that control the timing and number of mitosis . Sometimes mutation occur in such genes and cells continue to divide . It results in growth of abnormal cells called tumor
Question: 487
Differentiate between population and community
Answer: 487
487-1097Population: A population is defined as a group of organisms of the same species located at the same place
Question: 488
How do enzymes lower the activation energy?
Answer: 488
488-1097Enzymes lower the activation energy in several ways. • They may alter the shape of substrate and reduce the requirement of energy for this change. • Some enzymes do so by disrupting the charge distribution on substrates. • Enzymes may also lower activation energy by bringing substrates in the correct rientation to react
Question: 489
What is retina?
Answer: 489
489-1097It is inner layer of eye ball. It contains rods and cones and associated neurons.
Question: 490
How rhodopsin is synthesized?
Answer: 490
490-1097Body synthesizes rhodopsin from vitamin A.
Question: 491
Who gave the concept of metabolism first of all?
Answer: 491
491-1097The concept of metabolism was first of all given by Ibn-e-Nafees who stated that the body and its parts are always undergoing change.
Question: 492
Differentiate between digestion and defecation .
Answer: 492
492-1097The process of breaking up complex substances into simple substances is called digestion
Elimination in undigested food from the body called defecation
Question: 493
S. phase of interphase is important and cell can never divide without it . Justify .
Answer: 493
493-1097In S-pahse the cell duplicates its chromosomes the DNA molecules of each chromosomes is copies and new protein molecules are attached the result is that each chromosomes consists of two sisters chromatids , Which contain identical genes . In the absence of s-phase no replication of DNA will result in absence of chromosomes with two sister chromatids . Hence cell division will not occur
Question: 494
What is meant by unicellular orgnaization
Answer: 494
494-1097In unicellular organization an organism is consists of only one cell like paramecium
Question: 495
S.Write two advantages of apoptosis
Answer: 495
495-10971: Apoptosis can occur when a cell is damaged or undergoes stress conditions
Question: 496
What is the function of pinna ?
Answer: 496
496-1097It helps to direct the sound waves into auditory canal
Question: 497
Describe the effect of temperature on speed of enzyme action.
Answer: 497
497-1097Heating increases molecular motion. Thus the molecules of the substrate and enzyme move more quickly and chances of their bumping into each other are increased. As a result there is a greater probability of a reaction occurring. When temperature rises to a certain limit, heat adds in the activation energy and also provides kinetic energy for the reaction. So reactions are accelerated. But when temperature is raised well above the optimum temperature, heat energy increases the vibrations of atoms of enzyme and the globular structure of enzyme is lost.
Question: 498
What is the difference between meiosis and meiosis 1 ?
Answer: 498
498-1097Meiosis :
1: Ni pairing of homologus chromosomes
2: Single chromosomes align to form metaphase plate
3: Daughter cell contain diploid number of chromosomes
Question: 499
What is meant by tumors ?
Answer: 499
499-1097Sometimes mutation occur in such genes and cell contain to divide it results in growth of abnormal cells called tumors
Question: 500
Differentiate between major minerals and trace minerals .
Answer: 500
500-1097Major minerals : Major minerals are required in the amounts of 100mg (milligrams) or more per day
Question: 501
Define chiasmata?
Answer: 501
501-1097During meiosis the two non-sister chromatids of homologuous chromosomes join together certain points along their length . These points of attraction are called chiasmata
Question: 502
Define opthalmology .
Answer: 502
502-1097It is the branch of science which deals with the study of disease and surgery of eyes
Question: 503
Define optimum temperature.
Answer: 503
503-1097The specific temperature at which an enzyme works at its maximum rate is called as optimum temperature of that enzyme. Example: The optimum temperature for the maximum working speed of human enzymes is 37oC
Question: 504
At which pH pepsin and trypsin work?
Answer: 504
504-1097Pepsin (working in stomach) is active in acidic medium (low pH) and trypsin (working in small intestine) shows its activity in alkaline medium (high pH)
Question: 505
What are prosthetic groups?
Answer: 505
505-1097The organic cofactors, which are tightly bound to enzymes are called prosthetic groups.
Question: 506
What is the largest gland of human body and where it is located ?
Answer: 506
506-1097Liver is the largest gland of human body . It lies beneath the diaphragm on the right hand side of abdomen
Question: 507
Define hormone
Answer: 507
507-1097It is a specific messenger molecule synthesized and secreted by an endocrine gland
Question: 508
Differentiate between organic and inorganic fertilizers.
Answer: 508
508-1097Organic fertilizerOrganic fertilizers are derived from plants and animals. They are more complex and take time to be broken down into forms usable by Plants.
Mature and compast are used as organic fertilizers
They can increase soil drainage aeration and soi ability to hold-nutrient
Question: 509
What is vitreous humour?
Answer: 509
509-1097The posterior chamber of cavity of eye contains a jelly like fluid which is called vitreous humour
Question: 510
Will an enzyme which act on proteins, also act on starch?
Answer: 510
510-1097No. amylase will act on starch only to break it into glucose molecules and protease Will break ' down protein only. Similarly lipases break down fats into fatty acids and glycerol
Question: 511
What are rods and cones?
Answer: 511
511-1097These are photosensitive cells. Rods are sensitive to dim light while cones are sensitive to bright light and so distinguish different colours.
Question: 512
What are biocatalysts?
Answer: 512
512-1097Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they act as biocatalysts, which speed up and regulate metabolic pathways.
Question: 513
Give causes of obesity
Answer: 513
513-1097Obesity means becoming over-weight and it may also be due to malnutrition . People who take food that contains energy more than their requirements and do very little physical work can become obese . Obesity is known as the mother-disease and may lead to heart problem hypertensions , diabetes etc
Question: 514
Nucleus is visible in interphase while chromosomes are only visible in cell division stage . Why is that?
Answer: 514
514-1097Nuclear membrane breaks during cell division so there is no distinct nucleus . In interphase nuclear material is in the form of the chromatin which condenses during prophase to get the shape of chromosomes
Question: 515
What is iodopsin?
Answer: 515
515-1097Cones contain a pigment called iodopsin.
Question: 516
Write the symptoms of goiter and Anaemia ?
Answer: 516
516-1097If sufficient iodine is not available a person diet thyroid gland became enlarge and cause in swallowing of Neck . If body fails to receive amount of iron adequate no of hemoglobin molecular are nor formed . Then the patient is weak and there is a shortage oxygen supply
Question: 517
What are products?
Answer: 517
517-1097products? The molecules, which are produced after the action of enzymes on substrate molecules are called products
Question: 518
You see pus at the site of infection on your skin. How is it formed?
Answer: 518
518-1097WBCs die in the process of killing the germs. These dead cells accumulate and make the white substance called pus, seen at infection sites.
Question: 519
Which is the smallest bones of human body ?
Answer: 519
519-1097Stapes in the middle ear
Question: 520
What is the main use of enzymes in paper industry?
Answer: 520
520-1097Paper Industry: Enzyme break starch to lower its viscosity that aids in making paper.
Question: 521
What is eutrophication ? What is its effect on earth ?
Answer: 521
521-1097Eutrophication is defined as increase in chemical nutrient in an ecosystem . The extra amount chemical nutrients may cause of increase of soul activity
Question: 522
Which reactions proceed faster?Enzymes or non-enzymatic
Answer: 522
522-1097Most enzyme reaction rates are millions of time faster than those of comparable uncatalysed reaction.
Question: 523
Deficiency of which vitamin cause Osteomalcia ? Write down one symptom.
Answer: 523
523-1097Due to deficiency in vitamin D . It can produce 'soft bones ' and risk fen-fractures in bones
Question: 524
What is choroid?
Answer: 524
524-1097It is middle layer of eye ball. It contains blood vessels and gives a dark colour. It bends behind cornea to form iris
Question: 525
Define cofactor and coenzyme
Answer: 525
525-1097The non-protein molecules or ions, which are required by enzymes to show full activity, are called cofactors. Cofactors may be inorganic (e.g. metal ions) or organic (e.g. flavin and heme)
Question: 526
How does change in pH affect activity of enzymes?
Answer: 526
526-1097Enzymes are mostly proteins; change in pH can affect the ionization of the amino acids at the active site. A slight change in pH causes retardation in enzyme activity or blocks it completely.
Question: 527
Write down any two advantages of fibrous food .
Answer: 527
527-10971: It helps in constipation
2: It helps in lowering cholesterol levels
Question: 528
What is lock and key model?
Answer: 528
528-1097According to this model. both enzyme and substrate possess specific shapes that fit exactly into one another. This model explains enzyme specificity.
Question: 529
What are the cause of anemia and goiter disease of man ?
Answer: 529
529-1097Deficiency of iron and iodine cause anaemia and goiter diseases of man
Question: 530
Why is it said that all life forms are dependent On photosynthesis?
Answer: 530
530-1097Photosynthesis is the synthesis of glucose from carbon dioxide and water in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll, with oxygen as a by-product. Photosynthesis is an anabolic (building) process and is an important component of bioenergetics in living systems. It is the most important biochemical pathway and nearly all life depends on it.
Question: 531
How is the activity of an enzyme affected?
Answer: 531
531-1097File activity of an enzyme is affected by any change in conditions that alters its chemistry and its shape
Question: 532
Write the role of calcium and potassium in plants life ?
Answer: 532
532-1097Potassium
Regulates the opening and closing of the stomata , reduces water loss from the leaves
Calcium
Activates enzymes , is a structural component of cell wall , influences water movement in cells .
Question: 533
What is optic disc or blind spot?
Answer: 533
533-1097Optic disc is a point on retina where the optic nerve enters retina. No pin insensitive cells exist at this point, so it is called blind spot.
Question: 534
Write any two characteristics of enzymes?
Answer: 534
534-1097Almost all enzymes are proteins i.e. they are made of amino acids. Most enzyme reaction rates are millions of times faster than those of comparable uncatalyzed reactions. As with all catalysts, enzymes are not consumed by the reactions they catalyze.
Question: 535
For what purpose phloem tissue is responsible?
Answer: 535
535-1097Phloem tissue is responsible for the conduction of dissolved organic matter between different parts of plant body from source to sink.
Question: 536
Which are factors that can affect the rate of enzymes reaction?
Answer: 536
536-1097Temperature. substrate concentration and pii affect the rate of enzyme reaction.
Question: 537
How water is an important for our diet ?
Answer: 537
537-1097Water also functions as the environment in which water soluble food stuff is adsorbed in the intestine and the waste products are eliminated in urine
Question: 538
Define myopia (short sight) . How this problem is corrected ?
Answer: 538
538-1097The elongation of eye ball results in myopia such persons are not able o see distant objects clearly .This image of a distant object is formed behind retina . This problem can be corrected by using convex lens
Question: 539
Define bioenergetics .
Answer: 539
539-1097The study of energy relationships and energy transformations (conversions) in living organisms is called bioenergetics.
Question: 540
What is the cause of dwarfism?
Answer: 540
540-1097If somatotrophin is deficient during growing age growth rate decreases. This condition is called dwarfism.
Question: 541
What is binary fission ?
Answer: 541
541-1097It is a process in which It is the generation in which one organisms divide into two organisms
Question: 542
What is aqueous humour?
Answer: 542
542-1097Anterior chamber of eye cavity contains clear fluid which is called aqueous humour.
Question: 543
Why transpiration may be harmful process?
Answer: 543
543-1097Transpiration may be a harmful process in the sense that during the condition of drought, loss of water from plant results in serious desiccation, wilting and often death.
Question: 544
Define deafness ?
Answer: 544
544-1097It is a state in which hearing is not possible
Question: 545
What is the difference between intracellular and extra cellular enzymes?
Answer: 545
545-1097Intracellular
The enzymes. which work inside the cell. are called intracellular enzyme e.g. enzymes of glycolysis working in cytoplasm.
Question: 546
Write two adverse effect carbonated soft drink
Answer: 546
546-1097There is a growing concern about the harmful effects of carbonated soft drinks . They are very acidic and make our bodies poor in oxygen . They contain phosphoric acid which dissolves calcium out of the bones . This results in bones weakening . The caffeine present in colas increase the heart rate and raises blood pressure
Question: 547
What is calcitonin?What is its function?
Answer: 547
547-1097It is the hormone secreted by thyroid gland.
Function :
It decreases the level of calcium ions in blood and promotes the absorption of calcium from blood into bones
Question: 548
In What ways the respiratory energy is used in the body of organisms?
Answer: 548
548-1097All organisms need free energy for performing different activities and running various process of metabolism. The energy released by the process of respiration is utilized by different cellular activities such as:
(i) For the synthesis of proteins.
(ii) For the process of active transport.
(iii) For maintaining the temperature of body
(iv) For mechanical work (Contraction of muscles & beating of cilia and flagella). (v) For the process of phagocytosis.
(vi) For the process of pinocytosis.
(vii) For the process of exocytosis.
Question: 549
What do you mean by sources and sinks according to the pressure flow mechanism?
Answer: 549
549-1097Sources: Sources include the exporting organs, typically a mature leaf or storage organ. Sinks: Sinks are the areas of active metabolism or storage e.g. roots, tubers, developing fruits and leaves, and growing regions.
Question: 550
What is the function of Oxytocin?
Answer: 550
550-1097i. It stimulates the contraction of uterus walls in females for child birth.
ii. It causes ejection of milk from breasts.
Question: 551
What is the optimum temperature for human enzymes?
Answer: 551
551-1097The optimum temperature for the maximum working speed of human enzymes in 37°C.
Question: 552
Which thing can change the pH of the blood?
Answer: 552
552-1097change the pH of the blood
Question: 553
What is the function of lens of eye?
Answer: 553
553-1097It focuses light on retina and produce image an it.
Question: 554
16. Define active site.
Answer: 554
554-1097Only a small portion of enzyme molecules is directly involved in catalysis. This catalytic region is known as active site.
Question: 555
Where this lose occur?
Answer: 555
555-1097This loss may occur through stomata in leaves, through the cuticle present on leaf epidermis.
Question: 556
Write two industrial uses of enzyme.
Answer: 556
556-1097Food Industry: Enzymes that break starch into simple sugars are used in the production of white bread. buns etc. (Amylase).
Question: 557
What are symptoms of Ulcer?
Answer: 557
557-1097The symptoms of ulcer include abdominal burning after meals or at midnight. Severe ulcers may cause abdominal pain, rush of saliva after an episode of regurgitation, nausea, loss of appetite and weight loss.
Question: 558
What is testosterone ?
Answer: 558
558-1097It is the hormone secreted by testis which controls development of secondary sex characters in male
Question: 559
Which models explain the mechanism of enzyme action?
Answer: 559
559-1097Two models have been proposed to explain the mechanism of enzyme action.
(i ) Lock and key model (ii) Induced fit model
Question: 560
Write sources and deficiency symptoms of Vitamin D ?
Answer: 560
560-1097Fish liver oil , Milk , ghee and butter synthesized by skin .
Deficiency symptoms of vitamin D
Rickets in children ,osteomalacia in adults .
Question: 561
How does pupil constrict and dilate in bright and dim light.
Answer: 561
561-1097i. Pupil constricts in bright light when the circular muscles of iris contract. Pupil dilates in dim light when radial muscles of iris contract.
Question: 562
Define light reaction .
Answer: 562
562-1097During this phase light energy is captured and is used to make high energy molecules (ATP and NADPH ) these reactions take place on the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts
Question: 563
What is the function of vitamin C in the body ?
Answer: 563
563-1097Vitamin C in white blood cells enables the immune system of function properly . It is needed to form the collagen a fibrous protein )that gives strenght to connective tissues
Question: 564
What is acromegaly?
Answer: 564
564-1097If somatotrophin is excessively produced after growing age, internal organs and body extremities along grow large. This condition is known as acromegaly
Question: 565
Who first used the term enzymes?
Answer: 565
565-1097In 1878, German Physiologist Winhelm Kuhne first used the term enzyme.
Question: 566
In mammals when RBCs lost its nucleus?
Answer: 566
566-1097When a red blood cell matures. its nucleus is lost.
Question: 567
What is the contribution of Ali-Ibn Isa ?
Answer: 567
567-1097He wrote three books ophthalmology 130 eye disease and perscribed 143 drugs to treat these diseases
Question: 568
Who proposed Lock and Key model and induced lit model of enzyme action?
Answer: 568
568-1097A German chemist Emil Fischer in 1894, proposed the lock and key model. In 1958 an American biologist Daniel Koshland proposed the induced fit model, which was a modification of lock and key model.
Question: 569
Write the names of two juices secreted in small intestine of man
Answer: 569
569-1097Pancreatic juice , intestinal juice
Question: 570
Name two functions of ear ?
Answer: 570
570-10971: Hearing
2: Balance or equilibrium of body
Question: 571
What are accessory pigments?
Answer: 571
571-1097Photosynthetic pigments are organized in the form of clusters, called photosystems, in thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts. Chlorophyll-a is the main, photosynthetic pigment. Others are called accessory pigments and include chlorophyll and carotenoids
Question: 572
What is drought ? Write down any of its two demerits
Answer: 572
572-10971: A drought is a period of time when there is not enough water to support agricultural and human needs
Question: 573
What are situated adrenal glands
Answer: 573
573-1097These are situated above kidney
Question: 574
What are the functions of these processes in organisms?
Answer: 574
574-1097These processes ensure the maintenance, growth and reproduction of organisms.
Question: 575
. What is transpiration pull?
Answer: 575
575-1097The pulling force created by the transpiration of water is called transpirational pull. It helps water transport through plant.
Question: 576
What are sense organs? Give examples.
Answer: 576
576-1097Organs which detect stimuli are called senses. e organs, e.g. eyes. ears. nose. etc.
Question: 577
What is optimum pH?
Answer: 577
577-1097A narrow range of pH at which all enzymes work at their maximum rate is called optimum pH.
Question: 578
From which two Greek words /the words biology is made ?
OR Define Biology.
Answer: 578
578-1097The word biology is derived from two Greek words i.e."bios" meaning " life " and "logs " meaning thought or reasoning"
Question: 579
Write the names of disorder of gut .
Answer: 579
579-10971: Diarrohea
2: Constipation
3: Ulcer
Question: 580
What is meant by fossils ?
Answer: 580
580-1097Fossils are dead remains of extinct organisms and the study of fossils is called paleontology.
Question: 581
Define endocrine system .
Answer: 581
581-1097This system consists of endocrine glands and hormones . Through hormones , this system communicates
Question: 582
What are peptide bonds?
Answer: 582
582-1097The forces of attraction, which hold amino acids to form proteins, are called peptide bond
Question: 583
Define Genetic and embryology ?
Answer: 583
583-1097Genetic:The study of genes and their roles in inheritance is called Genetic
Question: 584
What is fibrinogen.
Answer: 584
584-1097Fibrinogen is a blood clotting protein found in plasma.
Question: 585
What is meant by saturation of active sites?
Answer: 585
585-1097At high substrate concentration. when all the active sites of an enzyme are occupied and an," more substrate molecules do not find free active sites. This state is called saturation of active sites and reaction rate does not increase.
Question: 586
What is pituitary gland ? Names its lobes ?
Answer: 586
586-1097It is a pear -shaped ,gland attached to the hypothalamus of brain
Lobes :
1: Anterior lobes
2: Posterior lobe
Question: 587
Define Biophysics ?
Answer: 587
587-1097It deal with the study of principles of physics which are applicable to biological phenomena .
Question: 588
Explain that electrons can be source of energy during oxidation reduction reaction ?
Answer: 588
588-1097During light reaction of photosynthesis the electrons are emitted first from the thylakoid membrane and then these electrons are passes through the electron transport chain also and help in the formation of energy rich molecules like ATP and NADPH
Question: 589
Which of the major component of food is needed as the main structural component of the body?
Answer: 589
589-1097Protein is needed as main structural component of the body.
Question: 590
What is the function of vasopressin?
Answer: 590
590-1097It increase the rate of reabsorption of water from nephrons.
Question: 591
What is species ?
Answer: 591
591-1097A species is a group of organisms which can interbreed freely among them and can offsring but are reproductively isolated from all other such groups in nature
Question: 592
Enlist four sources of Vitamin D .
Answer: 592
592-1097Fish , liver oil milk , ghee (butter) synthesized by skin
Question: 593
What is night blindness?
Answer: 593
593-1097The deficiency of vitamin A causes night blindness.
Question: 594
Which type of bond is present between groups of ATP?
Answer: 594
594-1097The covalent bond connecting two phosphates high-energy bond and is indicated by "tilde"
Question: 595
What is optics ? Who is regarded as father of optics ?
Answer: 595
595-1097Optics refers to the study of behavior of light . Ibn-Al-Haytham is regarded as father of optics
Question: 596
What are preventive measures of Ulcer?
Answer: 596
596-1097Spicy. acidic foods and smoking should be avoided as preventive measures.
Question: 597
Define pharmacology and immunology.
Answer: 597
597-1097Pharmacology : Pharmacology deals with the study of medicines and their effect on the body of living organisms.
Question: 598
What is meant by denaturation of enzyme?
Answer: 598
598-1097When temperature is raised above the optimum temperature, the heat energy increases the vibrations of atoms of enzyme molecules and globular structure of enzyme is lost. This is known as denaturation of enzyme.
Question: 599
What are the function of Insulin and glucagon ?
Answer: 599
599-1097Insulin : Decrease the blood sugar level
Question: 600
Differentiate between assimilation an absorption .
Answer: 600
600-1097Assimilation : It is the conversion of simple food into complex substances
Question: 601
What are limiting factors in photosynthesis ? Give two example
Answer: 601
601-1097Any environmental factor the absence or deficiency of which can decrease the rate of a metabolic reaction , is called limiting factor for that reaction
Question: 602
What are middle ear ossicles?
Answer: 602
602-1097Three bones are present in middle ear are called middle ear ossicles . There are malleus , incus and stapes
Question: 603
Name the part of Human alimentary canal
Answer: 603
603-1097Oral cavity , phyrance , esophague , stomachs , small intestine , large intestine and salivary gland
Question: 604
Define genetic?
Answer: 604
604-1097The study of genes and their role in inheritance is called Genetic
Question: 605
Define ATP and who discovered ATP?
Answer: 605
605-1097The major energy currency of all cells is a nucleotide called adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP was discovered in 1929 by Karl Lohmann.
Question: 606
What are endocrine glands ? Give example .
Answer: 606
606-1097These are the ductless glands which secrete hormones into blood e.g thyroid ,pituitary , adernal etc
Question: 607
What are the two main types of white blood cell?How do they differ?
Answer: 607
607-1097There are main two types of white blood cell.
(i) Granulocytes: Granulocytes have granular cytoplasm, These include neutrophils, Eosinophil and basophils
Question: 608
What is difference between Zoology and Botany ?
Answer: 608
608-1097Zoology The major division of the biology which deals with the study of animals is called zoology
Question: 609
What is NAD+?
Answer: 609
609-1097A NAD+ (Nicotinamide adenine, dinucleotide) is a coenzyme that takes electrons and hydrogen ions and is thus reduced to NADH. One form of this coenzyme also carries phosphate with it, so is called NADP+.
Question: 610
What is the contribution of Ibn-Al-Haytham ?
Answer: 610
610-10971: He wrote 'book of optics '
2: He contributed to eye surgery , structure of eye image formation in eye and visual system
3: He described the principles of pinhole camera
Question: 611
What is the use of enzymes in brewing industry?
Answer: 611
611-1097Enzymes weak starch and proteins. The products are used by yeast for fermentation (to produce alcohol)
Question: 612
Give the role of bile in indigestion .
Answer: 612
612-1097Bile from liver help in digestion of lipids through emulsification by keeping : croplets separate from another
Question: 613
Explain Medicine and surgery career in biology ?
Answer: 613
613-1097Medicine:The profession of medicine deals with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases in human .
Question: 614
What are exocrine glands ? Give example .
Answer: 614
614-1097These are ducted glands e.g liver, salivary glands
Question: 615
What is sunlight energy? Write its function in plants?
Answer: 615
615-1097Sunlight energy is absorbed by chlorophyll . It is then converted into chemical energy which derives the photosynthesis process . The light rays of different wave lengths are not only differently absorbed by photosynthetic pigments but are also differently effective in photosynthesis . The blue and red lights carry out more photosynthesis
Question: 616
How can constipation be prevented
Answer: 616
616-1097One should take the required quantities of water and dietary fibres
Question: 617
What is meant by Parasitology and biotechnology ?
Answer: 617
617-1097Parasitology :Parasitologydeals with the study of parasites like study of plasmodium
Question: 618
Give two examples of eye disorders
Answer: 618
618-1097i. Myopia (short sightedness)
I Hypermetropia (Long sightedness)
Question: 619
How many cubic millimeter of blood RBCs present in males?
Answer: 619
619-1097A cubic millimeter of blood contains 5 to 5.5 of RBCs in males.
Question: 620
What is the main use of enzymes in paper industry ?
Answer: 620
620-1097Enzyme break starch to lower its viscosity that aids in making paper
Question: 621
Name part of ear drum .
Answer: 621
621-10971: Vestibule
2: Semicircular canals
3: Cochlea
Question: 622
Write a note on specificity enzymes
Answer: 622
622-1097The specificity of different enzymes is determined by the shapes of their active sites. Enzymes are usually very specific for the type of reaction and for the nature of their substances Only a small portion of enzymes molecules is directly involved in catalyst . This catalyst region is known as active site .It recognizes and binds substrate and then carries out reaction.
Question: 623
What is meant by Vegetative ?
Answer: 623
623-1097All organs in livings organisms which do not take part in sexual reproduction are called Vegetative
Examples:Roots Steams Branches
Question: 624
Define Habitat ?
Answer: 624
624-1097Habitat means the are of the environmental in which organism lives .
Question: 625
What role does the pericardia Fluid
Answer: 625
625-1097Heart is enclosed in a sac known as pericardium. There is a fluid, known as pericardial fluid. between pericardium and heart walls. It reduces friction between pericardium and heart, during heart contractions.
Question: 626
What is colorblindness?
Answer: 626
626-1097Cones recognize the primary colours are blue green and red. Damages to these pigments result in colour blindness. I his is genetic problem in which person is unable to distinguish between different colour.
Question: 627
In which processes ATP is used as energy source?
Answer: 627
627-1097ATP is the main energy source for majority of the cellular functions like the, synthesis of macromolecules (DNA, RNA and proteins), movement, transmission of nerve impulse, active transport. exocytosis and endocytosis etc.
Question: 628
Define colonial organization ?
Answer: 628
628-1097in colonial type o cellular organization live together but do not have any division of labour among them.Each unicellular organisms in a colony lives its own life and dose not depend on other cells for its virtual requirement
Question: 629
Name any four careers in biology ?
Answer: 629
629-10971. Medicine 2. Fisheries
3.Agriculture 4. Animals Husbandry
Question: 630
Differentiate between autotrophic organisms and heterotrophic ?
Answer: 630
630-1097Autotrophic organisms : Autotrophs are plants and organisms prepare their own food . Examples plants
Question: 631
What is the difference between oxidation and reduction?
Answer: 631
631-1097The loss of electrons is called oxidation while the gain of electrons is called reduction.
Question: 632
Differentiate between Microbiology and Morphology?
Answer: 632
632-1097Microbiology: Microbiology is a major division of biology which deals with the study of micro organisms such as bacteria, viruses
Question: 633
What is the role of Eustachian tube ?
Answer: 633
633-1097It regulates the air pressure on both sides of ear drum
Question: 634
Describe any two functions of liver besides digestion .
Answer: 634
634-1097It destroys the old red blood cells . It converts ammonia to less toxic from urea
Question: 635
Name the famous writings of Abdul Malik Asmai ?
Answer: 635
635-1097Al-Nabatat and Al- Hyawan are the written by jabir bin hayanfamous writings of Abdul Malik Asmaiwere Al- Abil Camel Al khail horses Al-Wahoosh kalaq al ansan
Question: 636
What are the major cause of ulcer ?
Answer: 636
636-1097Long term use of anti-inflammatory medicines ,smoking , drinking coffee ,coals and eating spicy foods
Question: 637
Write the difference between physiology and taxonomy ?
Answer: 637
637-1097The difference between physiology and taxonomy are given below .
Question: 638
Define photolysis.
Answer: 638
638-1097The breakdown of compounds in the presence of light is called photolysis.
Question: 639
What is biosphere level ?
Answer: 639
639-1097The part of level inhabited by organisms communities is known as biosphere
Question: 640
Give a reason for the creation of transpiration pull?
Answer: 640
640-1097Following are the reasons for the creation of transpirational pull.
• Water is held in a tube (xylem) that has small diameter.
• Water molecules adhere to the walls of xylem tube (adhesion).
• Water molecules cohere to each other (cohesion).
• These attractions make an overall tension among water molecules. This tension forms 'column of water. The columns of water move from root to shoot and the water content of the soil enter in these columns
Question: 641
What is the cause of diabetes Insipidus?
Answer: 641
641-1097It is due to deficiency of antidiuretic hormone.
Question: 642
Differentiate between saturated and unsaturated spoil fatty acid, give one example .
Answer: 642
642-1097Saturated fatty acid : Theses have all their C-atoms bonded to Haltom's
These solid at room temperature e.g Butter contains 70% saturated fatty acid
Question: 643
What is the concentrated and dilute solution?
Answer: 643
643-1097The solution, which has more salts is called concentrated solution and the solution which has less salts is called dilute solution.
Question: 644
Define Biometery ?
Answer: 644
644-1097It deals the study of biological processes using mathematical techniques and tools.
Question: 645
What is the bio-molecules?
Answer: 645
645-1097Bio-molecules in living organisms combine though ionic and covalent bond formations to form stable particles known as bio-molecules
Question: 646
What is diabetes mellitus ?
Answer: 646
646-1097If insulin is deficient in body ,blood sugar level rises ,This disorder is called diabetes mellitus ,person with diabetes have loss of body weight ,weakening of muscles and tiredness
Question: 647
Differentiate between pepsin and pepsinogen .
Answer: 647
647-1097Pepsin is an enzyme which digest protein in stomach cavity
Question: 648
What is activation energy ?
Answer: 648
648-1097All chemical reactions requires activation energy .It is defined as minimum energy requires to start a reaction and to right direction
Question: 649
How do you differentiate between cell level and tissues level ?
Answer: 649
649-1097Cell level
Cell or cell level organization is a unit of structure and function of living organisms
2 A cell level organization is composed of different sub cellular organelles performing specific functions
Question: 650
Difference between valency and free radical.
Answer: 650
650-1097Valency:
The combining capacity of an element with other elements is called valency. For example sodium valency is 1.
Question: 651
What is induced fit model?
Answer: 651
651-1097According to this model, active site is not a rigid structure rather it is molded into required shape to perform its function. Induced fit model is more acceptable than "lock and key" model of enzyme action.
Question: 652
Which person art universal donors and universal recipients?
Answer: 652
652-1097O blood group individuals are called universal donors, because they can donate blood to the recipients of every other blood group. AB blood group individuals are called universal recipients because they can receive transfusion from donors of every group.
Question: 653
What are the main causes of constipation ?
Answer: 653
653-1097Excessive absorption of water through colon, insufficient intake of dietary ,fibre , dehydration ,use of medicine and tumors in rectum and anus
Question: 654
What is rhodopsin?
Answer: 654
654-1097Rod contain a pigment called rhodopsin. When light falls on rhodopsin. it break and generates a nerve impulse
Question: 655
Who gave the concept of metabolism first of all ?
Answer: 655
655-1097The concept of metabolism was first of all given by Ibn-e-nafees who stated that the body and its parts are always undergoing change
Question: 656
Write down the scientific name of crow and frog ?
Answer: 656
656-1097- Frog:Rana tigrain
- House Crow:Corvus splendens
Question: 657
What are stomata?
Answer: 657
657-1097The tiny openings present in the epidermis of leaf through which gases enter or leave the cells are called stomata. It consists of two bean shaped cells called guard cells.
Question: 658
What are the main parts of ear ?
Answer: 658
658-10971: Pinna
2: Auditory canal
3: Ear drum
Question: 659
What is composition of blood?
Answer: 659
659-1097Blood is specialized body fluid that is composed of a liquid called blood plasma and blood cells. It consist of 45% blood cell and 55% blood plasma
Question: 660
What is the cause of hypothyroidism?
Answer: 660
660-1097It is caused by under production of thyroxin. It is characterized by low energy production and slowing down heart beat.
Question: 661
What is over intake of nutrients
Answer: 661
661-1097(OIN) is a form of malnutrition in which more nutrients are taken than the amounts required for normal growth , development and metabolism
Question: 662
What structures and phenomena are involved in the intake of carbon dioxide and water by plants?
Answer: 662
662-1097Intake of Water and Carbon dioxide
Intake of Water: Water and carbon dioxide are the raw materials of photosynthesis. Plants have mechanisms for the intake and transport of these raw materials. Water, present in soil, is absorbed by roots and root hairs through osmosis. This eater is eventually transported to leaves through xylem vessels.
Question: 663
What is seizure ?
Answer: 663
663-1097It is temporary abnormal state of brain marked by convulsions
Question: 664
What role does the pericardia Fluid
Answer: 664
664-1097Heart is enclosed in a sac known as pericardium. There is a fluid, known as pericardial fluid, between pericardium and heart walls. It reduces friction between pericardium and heart, during heart contractions.
Question: 665
What are products ?
Answer: 665
665-1097The molecules , which are produced after the action of enzymes on substrate molecules are called products
Question: 666
Define atomic mass unit
Answer: 666
666-1097Atomic Mass Unit:
The unit used for relative atomic masses is called atomic mass unit. It is represented by a.m.u
1 amu - 1. 66 x 10-24g
Question: 667
How do organisms get energy?
Answer: 667
667-1097Organisms obtain energy by metabolizing the food they eaf or prepare. Food con potential energy in its bonds. When these bonds are broken down, a large amount of kinetic energy is released. Some of this energy is stored in the form of potential energy bonds of ATP molecules while the rest escapes as heat
Question: 668
Define the terms systole and diastole.
Answer: 668
668-1097Systole: When both atria contract and pump blood towards ventricles. This period in cardiac cycle is called atrial systole. Atrial systole takes about 0.1 seconds When both ventricles contract and pump blood towards body and lungs. The period of ventricular contraction ins called ventricular systole. Ventricular systole lasts about 0.3 seconds
Question: 669
How is energy used in life processes?
Answer: 669
669-1097Various life processes in organisms involve constant flow of energy. This energy flow comprises the acquisition transformation, and use of energy for various life p like growth. movement. reproduction etc
Question: 670
How many cubic millimeter of blood RBCs is present in female?
Answer: 670
670-1097A cubic millimeter of blood contain 4 - 4.5 million of RBCs in female.
Question: 671
Which molecule is called energy currency of a cell write name major its major parts.
Answer: 671
671-1097ATP is a energy currency of a cell. Each ATP molecule has three subunits: (a) adenine - a double ringed nitrogenous base
(b) a ribose - a five carbon sugar; and
(c) three phosphate groups in a linear chain.
Question: 672
What is the role of potassium ions in the opening of stomata?
Answer: 672
672-1097Recent studies have revealed that light causes the movement of potassium ions from epidermal cells into guard cells. Water follows these ions and enters guard cells. Thus their turgidity increases and stoma opens. As the day progresses, guard cells make glucose i.e. become hypertonic. So water stays in them. At the end of the day, potassium ions flow back from guard cells to epidermal cells and the concentration of glucose also falls. Due to it, water moves to epidermal cells and guard cells loose turgor. It causes the closure of stoma. 3. Define the cohesion-tension theory. Ans: According to this theory, the force which carries water (and dissolved materials) upward through the xylem is transpirational pull. Transpiration creates a pressure difference that pulls water and salts up from roots.
Question: 673
Differentiate between Cell biology and Histology.
Answer: 673
673-1097Cell Biology : The study of the structures and function of cell and cell organelles is called cell biology
Question: 674
What are Pigments?Describe their function?
Answer: 674
674-1097Pigments are the substances that absorb visible light. Different pigments absorb light, of different wavelengths (colours). Chlorophylls absorb mainly blue and red lights . Some wavelengths mot absorbed by chlorophyll 'a' are very effectively absorbed by accessory pigments and vice-versa
Question: 675
How can leukaemia be cured ?
Answer: 675
675-1097It can be cured by bone marrow transplant , which is in most case effective but very expensive treatment . The patients needs to change the blood regularly with the normal blood , got from donors
Question: 676
Define Biotechnology ?
Answer: 676
676-1097Biotechnology deals with the practical application of the living organisms to make substances for the welfare of mankind
Question: 677
How does stomata open ?
Answer: 677
677-1097When guard cells (bean shaped cells ) get water and become turgid ,their shapes are like two beans and the stomata between them opens
Question: 678
Define socio-biology ?
Answer: 678
678-1097Socio biology is the branch of biology that deals with the study of social behaviour of animals that make societies
Question: 679
Why carbohydrates are important for man ?
Answer: 679
679-1097Carbohydrates are important for human because it is most common source of energy
Question: 680
Differentiate between micro-molecular and macro-molecular ? with example
Answer: 680
680-1097Micro-molecular:Molecular with low molecular weight are called micro-molecular
Example:Glucose, Water
Question: 681
How blood is transfused considering Rh blood group system?
Answer: 681
681-1097h-positive blood group can be transfused to Rh- positive recipient because recipient's blood already has Rh- antigens and it will not produce anti-Rh antibody similarly Rh-negative blood group can be transfused to Rh- negative Rh-negative.
Question: 682
Write two function of muscular tissue ?
Answer: 682
682-1097- Muscular tissue move to bones of skeleton
- Muscular tissue makes heart beat
Question: 683
What are lenticels and where are they found in plant body?
Answer: 683
683-1097The lenticel is the small pores which are present the bark of the stem.
Question: 684
What are dark reactions?
Answer: 684
684-1097During second phase of photosynthesis, carbon dioxide is reduced to make glucose. In his phase, the energy from high energy molecules (ATP and NADPI I) is utilized. Since these reactions do not use light directly, they are known as dark reactions. These reactions take place in the stroma of chloroplasts'
Question: 685
What is difference lenticel and stomata ?
Answer: 685
685-1097Lenticels are present on the bark of some plants .Stomata are present on the epidermis of the leaves
Question: 686
What is the importance of anaerobic respiration?
Answer: 686
686-1097(i) Source of energy for anaerobic organisms
(ti) Source of energy for aerobic organisms in short supply of 0,
(iil) Source of many products (ethanol, cheese etc)
Question: 687
What is Gigantism?
Answer: 687
687-1097If somatotrophin is excessively produced during, growing age growth rate increases. This condition is called gigantism.
Question: 688
Describe the presence of antigens and antibodies in different blood groups?
Answer: 688
688-1097The antibodies i.e. anti A & anti-B antibodies appear in the blood and are present according to the absence of corresponding antigen. In persons with blood group B, antigen B is present and they contain antibody A. The person having blood group AB, antibodies are absent and person having blood group 0 have antibodies A and B Both.
Question: 689
What are substrates ?
Answer: 689
689-1097The molecules , at which enzymes act is called substrates
Question: 690
What is the role of parathormone ?
Answer: 690
690-1097It increased the level of calcium ions in blood
Question: 691
What is bicuspid value?
Answer: 691
691-1097The opening hem cell right atrium and left ventricle is guarded. by a valve called bicuspid valve (it contains 2 flaps)• It allows passage of blood from left atrium to left ventricle and prevent back flow
Question: 692
What is significance of symbol and elements .
Answer: 692
692-1097Symbol is the identification used for the chemical name of the element .
It represents the only one atom of the element. Symbolic representation is abbreviation for the name of element
Question: 693
Define photosynthesis and Write down the general equation for photosynthesis?
Answer: 693
693-1097The process, which involves synthesis of glucose from carbon dioxide and water in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll, with oxygen as a by - product is called photosynthesis.
Equation:
6CO2 + 12H20 + Light energy —> C61-11206 + 602 + 6H20
Question: 694
How different materials transport in human body?
Answer: 694
694-1097Like other animals the task of transport of different materials in human body is performed by two systems i.e. blood circulatory system and lymphatic system. system
Question: 695
Define Entomology ?
Answer: 695
695-1097Entomology is the study of insects ,like Cockroaches, aunts etc.
Question: 696
Define cell Biology ?
Answer: 696
696-1097The microscopic study of tissues is called histology
Question: 697
What is thyroxin?What is its role?
Answer: 697
697-1097It is the hormone secreted by thyroid plan .
Role:
i. It increases the" breakdown of food and release of energy .
ii. It is responsible for growth of body.
Question: 698
What are the main components of human blood circulatory
Answer: 698
698-1097Circulatory system are blood, heart and blood vessels.
Question: 699
What are major biology issues nowadays ?
Answer: 699
699-1097Human population growth infection diseases addictive drugs and pollution are the major biological issues nowadays
Question: 700
Name secretion of ovaries .
Answer: 700
700-10971: Estrogen
2: Progesterone
Question: 701
Transpiration is a necessary evil , Give comments
Answer: 701
701-1097Transpiration is called a necessary evil it means that transpiration is a potentially harmful process but it is unavoidable too
Question: 702
Which thing causes water to move by osmosis from the xylem?
Answer: 702
702-1097Mesophyll cell causes water to move by osmosis from the xylem of leaf.
Question: 703
Define population ?
Answer: 703
703-1097A population is define as a group of organisms of the same species located at the same place, in the same time
Example: Human population in Pakistan in 2010 comprises of 173.5 million individual
Question: 704
Define goiter.
Answer: 704
704-1097If a person lacks iodine in diet, thyroid gland cannot make hormone . Thyroid gland is enlarged and swelling of neck occur. This condition is called goiter.
Question: 705
What is the function of cuticle ?
Answer: 705
705-1097The cuticle is a waxy layer on leaves ,which is made up of cutin and it lessens the evaporation of water from surface of leaves
Question: 706
Write the name of vegetable organs of plants ?
Answer: 706
706-1097Roots steams branches and leaves are the vegetative organs plants, which do not take part in the sexual reproduction of the plants
Question: 707
Define angioplasty?
Answer: 707
707-1097The mechanical widening of a narrowed or total obstructed blood vessels is called angioplasty
Question: 708
. Write difference between pericycle and endodermis
Answer: 708
708-1097Outside the conducting tissues there is a narrow layer of thin walled cells the pericycle. A single layer of cells i.e. endodermis surrounds this per cycle
Question: 709
Name secretions stored in posterior
Answer: 709
709-1097i. Oxytoci
ii Vasopressin
Question: 710
Define blood Transfusion
Answer: 710
710-1097Blood transfusion is the process of transferring blood based products from one person (donor) into the circulatory system of another (recipient).
Question: 711
Describe any four sources of proteins .
Answer: 711
711-1097Meat, eggs , grains , legumes
Question: 712
Name two disorders of nervous system .
Answer: 712
712-10971: Paralysis
2: Epilepsy
Question: 713
Write down the summary of the events of dark reactions.
Answer: 713
713-1097i) CO2 molecules are combined with 5-carbon compound to form temporary 6- carbon compounds, each split into two 3-carbon compounds. (ii) The 3-carbon compounds are reduced to 3-carbon carbohydrates by using g energy of ATP and hydrogen from NADPH. (iii) 3-Carbon carbohydrates are used to manufacture glucose and are also used to regenerate the original 5-carbon compounds. This step also utilize ATP
Question: 714
What are two major veins ?
Answer: 714
714-1097Two major veins are superior vena cave and inferior vena cava
Question: 715
What are Islets of Langerhans ? Name their secretions
Answer: 715
715-1097The group of endocrine cells found in pancreas which produce hormones are called islets of Langerhans
Secretions :
1:Insulin
2: Glucagon
Question: 716
what are different types of fermentation or anaerobic respiration ?
Answer: 716
716-1097There are two types of fermentation
1: Alcoholic fermentation 2: Lactic acid fermentation
Question: 717
How is energy produced by respiration ?
Answer: 717
717-1097There are two types of respiration
1: Aerobic 2: Anaerobic
Question: 718
What is transport?
Answer: 718
718-1097Transport means movement of material from one region to the other in the organisms
Question: 719
What is stomatal transpiration?
Answer: 719
719-1097The transpiration occurs through stomata and is called stomata] transpiration.
Question: 720
Who discovered the ATP molecule ? What is the function in cell?
Answer: 720
720-1097The major energy currency of all cells is a nucleotide called adenosine triphosphate (ATP) . It is main energy source for majority of the cellular functions like synthesis of macro molecules endocytosis etc . It has ability to store and release energy . It was discovered in 1929 by Karl Lorhmann and was proposed to be main energy transfer molecule in the cell by the noble prize winner , Fritz Lipmann in 1941
Question: 721
What is thyroid stimulating" hormone (TSH)?
Answer: 721
721-1097It is the hormone secreted by the posterior lobe of pituitary gland. It stimulates thyroid gland to secrete thyroxin
Question: 722
Name of the important proteins present in ploasma.
Answer: 722
722-1097The important proteins present in p antibodies, fibrinogen, albumin.
Question: 723
Write role and names of two scientists who work on Blood Circulatory system
Answer: 723
723-1097Two important scientists Ibn-e-Nafees and William scientist who described the pathway of blood
Question: 724
How are leaves adapted to their function?
Answer: 724
724-10971: The leaves on the branches of plants are arranged in such a manner that they get maximum of sunlight for photosynthesis . Majority of leaves are flat . With maximum of surface area for maximum absorption of sunlight
Question: 725
Name parts of adrenal gland and their hormones .
Answer: 725
725-1097Each adrenal gland has two parts :
1: Outer part is called adrenal cortex with secretes corticosteroids
2:Central part is called adrenal medulla which secrets adrenaline
Question: 726
How transpiration is important for plants ?
Answer: 726
726-1097Transpiration creates a pulling force called transpiration pull, which is principally responsible for the conduction of water and salts from roots to the aerial parts of the body
Question: 727
What happens to electrons when they pass through electron transport Chain?
Answer: 727
727-1097When the electrons move through the series of electron carriers they lose energy, which is used to synthesize ATP At the end electrons and hydrogen ions combine with molecular 02 to form water.
Question: 728
How is water and salt reached to mesophyll cells in vascular plants ?
Answer: 728
728-1097In non-vascular plants xylem tissues carry water and salts to mesophyll cells
Question: 729
is the percentage of blood in human body ?
Answer: 729
729-1097In a healthy person , plasma constitutes about 55% by volume of the blood and cells or cell - like bodies about 45% of the blood
Question: 730
What is cardiac cycle ?
Answer: 730
730-1097The alternating relaxation contractions cycle and one complete cardiac cycle makes one heart beat .
It has three phases :
1: Cardiac cycle
2: Atrial systole
3: Ventricle systole
Question: 731
Can electrons be an energy source? How?
Answer: 731
731-1097Electrons can he an energy source. It depends upon their location and arrangement in atoms. For example: N‘ hen they are present in oxygen. they make stable association with oxygen atom and are not good energy source. But if electrons are dragged away from oxygen and attached to some other atom e.g. carbon or hydrogen, they make unstable association. They try to move back to oxygen and when this happens, energy is released.
Question: 732
How many cubic millimeters of WBC5 present in blood?
Answer: 732
732-1097One cubic millimeter of blood contains 7000 to 8000 WBCs.
Question: 733
What is difference between cohesion and adhesion .
Answer: 733
733-1097Cohesion : Water molecules cohere to each other
Question: 734
Differentiate between Eoslnophils and Basophlls.
Answer: 734
734-1097Eosinophlls :
These can break Inflammatory substances and kill parasites.
Question: 735
Write the name of three main division of biology ?
Answer: 735
735-1097Three main division of biology are given below:
Zoology:This division of biology deals with the study of animals
Botany:This division of biology deals with the study of plants
Microbiology: This division of biology deals with the study of micro-organisms
Question: 736
Where are the enzymes of glycolysis present?
Answer: 736
736-1097Enzymes of glycolysis are present in cytoplasm.
Question: 737
On what basis blood is classified into different groups?
Answer: 737
737-1097Blood group on the presence or absence of antigens on the surface of red blood cells.
Question: 738
Why do plants require mineral elements?
Answer: 738
738-1097Plants require minerals for various activities and structures.
Question: 739
what are parasites ? Define Parasitology .
Answer: 739
739-1097Parasites:parasites are the organisms that take food and shelter from living hosts and in return harm them
Question: 740
Which sphincters play role in the movement of food in and out of stomach?
Answer: 740
740-1097sphincters: Sphincters are the openings which are guarded by muscles. Stomach has two sphincters Cardiac sphincter:
Cardiac sphincter is between stomach and oesophagus.Pyloric sphincter Pyloric sphincter is between stomach and small intestine. Bolus enters stomach front oesophagus S. through cardiac sphincter.
Question: 741
What happens in cellular respiration to and oxygen ?
Answer: 741
741-1097In cellular respiration , food is oxidized to CO2while O2is reduced into H2O
Question: 742
What do you know about the professional "Agriculture" ?
Answer: 742
742-1097Agriculture is the profession deals with the foods of crops and the animals which are the source of food An agriculturist work for the betterment of crops like wheat rice corn e.t.c
Question: 743
Which things are included in Blood cells and cell-like bodies?
Answer: 743
743-1097These include red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes) and platelets (thrombocytes)
Question: 744
What are harmful effects of excessive use of organic fertilizers?
Answer: 744
744-1097Excessive amounts of organic fertilizers can cause environmental degradation due In nitrate leaching or run off of soluble organic compounds
Question: 745
What is blood cross match?
Answer: 745
745-1097It is used for the confirmation of no agglutination: blood samples of donor and recipient are cross-matched.
Question: 746
How is energy released from ATP ?
Answer: 746
746-1097Energy is released as bonds between phosphate groups of ATP are broken down . When one phosphate group separates . ATP is changed to ADP and 7.3k Calories /mole of ATP is formed
Question: 747
Explain the role of O2 in rusting ?
Answer: 747
747-1097Oxygen plays important role in rusting . Electrons reduce the oxygen molecules in the presence oh H+ ions
Question: 748
Write an achievements of Bu Ali Sina in biology ?
Answer: 748
748-1097He is honoured as the founder of medicine and called as a Avecena in the west. he was a physican philosopher astronomer and poet
Question: 749
What is the role of phosphorus in plants?
Answer: 749
749-1097Phosphorous is component of ATP, nucleic acid and coenzymes, necessary for seed germination, photosynthesis and protein formation.
Question: 750
For what purpose xylem cells are responsible?.
Answer: 750
750-1097Xylem tissue is responsible for the transport of water and dissolved substances from roots to aerial parts.
Question: 751
Define lactic acid fermentation
Answer: 751
751-1097The type of anaerobic respiration in which , each pyruvic acid molecule is broken down into lactic acid (C6H6O3) is called lactic acid fermentation . It occurs in skeletal muscles of humans ,and animals when oxygen supply is not sufficient
Question: 752
Define Biochemistry and compounds and Morphology?
Answer: 752
752-1097Biochemistry : Biochemistry deals with the study of the chemistry of different compound and chemical reactions occurring in living organisms.
Question: 753
What is somatotrophin? What is function?
Answer: 753
753-1097It is a hormone produced by anterior lobe of pituitary gland. Function: It promotes the growth of body.
Question: 754
What are the functions of root ?
Answer: 754
754-1097In addition to anchoring the plant , roots perform two other vital functions
1: They absorb water and salts from soil
2: They provide conducting tissues for distributing these substances to the tissues of the stem
Question: 755
Differentiate between species and habitat?
Answer: 755
755-1097Species:Species is a group of organisms which can be interbreed among themselves to produce fertile offspring
Question: 756
What is the role of magnesium in plants?
Answer: 756
756-1097Magnesium is a structural component of chlorophyll. It is also necessary for the functioning plant enzymes to produce carbohydrates, fats and sugars. It is used for fruit and nut formation and essential for germination of seeds.
Question: 757
Define electroplating
Answer: 757
757-1097Electroplating is depositing off one metal over the other by means of electrolysis
Question: 758
Which processes generate and break ATP?
Answer: 758
758-1097ATP is generated by energy-releasing processes and is broken down by energy consuming processes, in this way ATP transfers energy between metabolic reactions
Question: 759
What are symptoms of hyperthyroidism?
Answer: 759
759-1097i. Increases in energy production
ii. Increased heart-beat
iii. Frequent sweating
iv. Shivering of hand
Question: 760
Which respiratory gasses is present in plasma ?
Answer: 760
760-1097It contains respiration gases like CO, and 02
Question: 761
what is meant by pharamacology ?
Answer: 761
761-1097Pharamacology is the stud of drugs and their efffects on the system of the human body
Question: 762
Who proposed ATP as main energy transfer molecule in the cell?
Answer: 762
762-1097The Nobel prize winner, Fritz Lipmann in 1941 proposed ATP as main energy transfer molecule.
Question: 763
What is the role of molybdenum in plant's growth?
Answer: 763
763-1097Molybdenum is component of the enzyme that reduces nitrates to ammonia_ and makes mans amino acids.
Question: 764
Define Immunology ?
Answer: 764
764-1097Immunology is the branch of biology which deals with the study of the immune system of animals which defends the body against invading microbes .
Question: 765
In which portion of cell , three stages of aerobic respiration ?
Answer: 765
765-10971: Glycolysis occurs in cytoplasm oxygen is not involved in this stage . That is why , it occurs in both types of respiration i-e aerobic and anaerobic
2: Krebs cycle and electron transport chain occur in mitochondria where oxygen is essential
Question: 766
What is myocardial infraction ?
Answer: 766
766-1097It is more commonly known as heart attack and is a medical condition that occurs when the blood supply to a part of the heart is interrupted and leads the death of heart muscles
Question: 767
Define molecular biology ?
Answer: 767
767-1097This branch deals with the study of molecules of life e.g water, proteins ,carbohydrates ,lipids ,and nuclei acids
Question: 768
Write two uses of surgery ?
Answer: 768
768-1097(i) In surgery , the parts of the body may be repaired
(ii) In surgery , the parts of the body may be replaced
(iii) In surgery , the parts of the body may be removed
Question: 769
Define platelets ?
Answer: 769
769-1097Platelets are the parts of blood . They are not cells but are fragments of large cells of bone marrow called megakaryocytes . They do not have any nucleus and any pigment
Question: 770
What is angina pectoris ? Write its symptoms .
Answer: 770
770-1097Angina pectoris means chest pain but not as severe as in heart attack. The pain may occur in heart and often in left arm and shoulder . It is the warning sign that the blood supply to heart muscles is not sufficient but shortage is not enough to cause tissue death
Question: 771
What is the net yield of ATPs in aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
Answer: 771
771-1097The net yield of ATP in aerobic respiration is = 36 ---during anaerobic oxidation of glucose molecule only 2ATP molecule are gained as the net profit because there is no kreb-cycle and electron transport chain in anaerobic, respiration
Question: 772
Differentiate between Morphology and Histology .
Write down the definition of Morphology?
Answer: 772
772-1097Morphology The branch deals with the study of from and structures of living organisms
Question: 773
Differentiate between assimilation and defecation
Answer: 773
773-1097Assimilation :
The process of conversion or incorporation of absorbed simple food into the complex substances constituting the body is called assimilation.
Question: 774
. Define capillaries
Answer: 774
774-1097Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels present in tissues. These are the vessels through which exchange of materials between blood and tissue fluid is carried out through capillaries
Question: 775
What is weight of blood in our body?
Answer: 775
775-1097The weight of blood in our body is about 1/12' of our body. The average adult body has about 5liters of blood.
Question: 776
What is meant by molecular biology ?
Answer: 776
776-1097The study of molecular of life is called molecular biology like protein carbohydrates
Question: 777
Write the effect of dengue fever on platelets
Answer: 777
777-1097Platelets are destroyed . Their number reduces patient bleeds from the nose , gums and under the skin
Question: 778
How is water taken in by plants for photosynthesis?
Answer: 778
778-1097Water, present in soil, is absorbed by roots and root hairs through osmosis. This water is eventually transported to leaves through xylem vessels.
Question: 779
Define biology ?
Answer: 779
779-1097Biology is the study scientific study of life . The word biology has been driven two Greek words , bios meaning life , logos meaning thought or reasoning
Question: 780
How much energy is obtained per gram of carbohydrates?
Answer: 780
780-1097Carbohydrates contain 04 kilocalories per gram.
Question: 781
Define Community ?
Answer: 781
781-1097A Community is an assemble of different populations, interacting with one another within the same environment
Question: 782
What is a nucleotide?
Answer: 782
782-1097A nucleotide is a large molecule formed by joining ribose sugar -- phosphate - one nitrogenous base.
Question: 783
What are sources of minerals ?
Answer: 783
783-1097Most of the minerals in humans diet come directly from plant and water , or indirectly from animal foods
Question: 784
What is meant by taxonomy ?
Answer: 784
784-1097it is study of naming and classification of organisms into group and subgroups.
Question: 785
What is the effect of deficiency of nutrients?
Answer: 785
785-1097If any one of nutrients is not available to plant. they show abnormalities and do not grow normally.
Question: 786
How can the deficiency of vitamin A cause blindness?
Answer: 786
786-1097When vitamin A is inadequate, the lack of rhodopsin makes it difficult to see in dim light. if it is left untreated it can cause blindness. Deficiency of vitamins A is the leading causes of blindness in children worldwide. One of the symptoms of vitamin A deficiency is "night-blindness" It is temporary condition but if left untreated it can cause permanent -blindness
Question: 787
What is meant by unicellular organization ?
Answer: 787
787-1097In unicellular organization an organism is consists of only one cell like paramecium.
Question: 788
What is meant by Animals Husbandry ?
Answer: 788
788-1097Animals Husbandry :It is the branch of agriculture concerned with the care and breeding of domestic animals
Examples:Cattle sheep etc.
Question: 789
How are basis of interdisciplinary science formed?
Answer: 789
789-1097Each branch of science has relationship with all other branches. For example, when studying movements in animals, the biologists have to refer to laws of motion in physics. This formed the basis of interdisciplinary science
Question: 790
Which affects the rate of transpiration ?
Answer: 790
790-1097There are following factors affect the rate of transpiration
1: Temperature
2: Air humidity
3:Air movement
4: Leaf surface area
Question: 791
What is the most common fuel to get energy ?
Answer: 791
791-1097The most common fuel used by the cell to get energy by cellular respiration is glucose
Question: 792
What are environmental hazards related to fertilizers use ?
Answer: 792
792-10971: The massive quantities of inorganic fertilizers after the nutrient , holding capacity
Question: 793
Differentiate between Morphology and physiology ?
Answer: 793
793-1097Morphology: The branch deals with the study of from and structures of living organisms.
Question: 794
How white and Red Blood Cells Differs?
Answer: 794
794-1097Red blood cells are like biconcave disc with nucleus contain hemoglobin. While blood cells are Granular and a grantor contain nucleus larger in size than RBC.s
Question: 795
What are redox reactions?
Answer: 795
795-1097The oxidation and reduction reactions always run simultaneously and are called redox reaction. Redox reactions are direct source of energy for all life processes. Redox reactions involve exchange of electrons between atoms.
Question: 796
Define minerals.
Answer: 796
796-1097Minerals are inorganic elements that originate in the earth and cannot be made in body.
Question: 797
Define Biochemistry ?
Answer: 797
797-1097The study of chemistry of different compounds and chemical processes occurring in livings organisms is known as bio-chemistry
Question: 798
What are harmful effects due to excessive nitrogen?
Answer: 798
798-1097Too much nitrogen can reduce yields, cause yellowing of the leaves and stunt growth.
Question: 799
Define metabolism .
Answer: 799
799-1097The set of biochemical reactions that occur in living organisms in order to maintain life is called metabolism
Question: 800
Write Example of Complex communities ?
Answer: 800
800-1097Complex communities:Complex communities contain greater number and size of populations.
Example:
- Forest Community.
- Pond Community .
Question: 801
Which material is used to make cathode in electroplating ?
Answer: 801
801-1097The cathode is made of the object that is to be electroplated e.g sheet of iron
Question: 802
What is the importance of proteins ?
Answer: 802
802-1097Proteins are essential components of the cytoplasm , membranes and organelles . They are also major components of muscles , ligaments ,tendons and many of them play role as enzymes . Proteins can also be used for gaining energy
Question: 803
Write down two benefits of mustard plant ?
Answer: 803
803-1097- The plant body is used as vegetable
- It seeds are used for extracting
Question: 804
What are different phases of aerobic respiration ?
Answer: 804
804-10971: In first phase , a molecule of glucose (6-C) is broken down into two pyruvic acid (3-C) molecules
Question: 805
What are Parasites ? give one example .
Answer: 805
805-1097Parasites are the organisms that take food and shelter from living hosts in return, harm their (hosts) lives
Example: 1 leach 2 Hook Worm
Question: 806
Which food are sources of iron ?
Answer: 806
806-1097Human get iron from red meat , egg yolk, whole, wheat fist , spinach and mustard etc
Question: 807
What is the effect of temperature on the rate of transpiration?
Answer: 807
807-1097Higher temperature reduces the humidity of surroundings air and also increases the kinetic energy of water molecules . In this way it increases the rate of transpiration . The rate of transpiration double with every rise 10 oC in temperature i-e 40-45 oC cause closure of stomata , so transpiration stops and plant does not losses the much needed water
Question: 808
Write down the summary of the events of light reactions.
Answer: 808
808-1097When chlorophyll molecules absorb light. their energy level increases and their electrons are emitted.
• Electrons are passed to electron transport chain to produce ATP.
Light also breaks water molecule and oxygen is released. The hydrogen atoms of water give electrons to chlorophyll and become ions.
The electrons of chlorophyll, after the production of ATP, and the hydrogen ions of water are used for the reduction of NADI)* into NADPH.
Question: 809
What is Rh blood group system?
Answer: 809
809-1097It is discovered by Karl Landsteiner in this system, there are two blood group i.e Rh-positive and Rh- negative. These blood groups are distinct from each other on the basis of antigens called Rh-factors.
Question: 810
Write four names of unicellular organisms ?
Answer: 810
810-1097- Amoeba
- Paramecium
- Euglena
- Claymedomonas
Question: 811
Define bioeconomics.
Answer: 811
811-1097It deals with the study organism from economical point of view. For example the cost value and profit value of the yield of wheat can be calculated through bioeconomics and or losses can be determined, and benefits and losses can be determined
Question: 812
Define paleontology ?
Answer: 812
812-1097The study of fossils is called paleontology
Question: 813
What is the role of boron in plant's growth?
Answer: 813
813-1097Boron is important in sugar transport. cell division. and synthesizing certain enzymes
Question: 814
Define pulse .
Answer: 814
814-1097Pulse is the rhythmic expansion and contraction of an artery as the blood is forced through it by the regular contractions of heart
Question: 815
What is glycolysis where does this reaction occur ?
Answer: 815
815-1097Glycolysis occurs in cytoplasm and oxygen is not involved in this stage . That is why , it occurs in both types of respiration i-e aerobic and anaerobic . In glycolysis , glucose (6C) molecule is broken into two molecules of Pyruvic acid (3C)
Question: 816
What is Science ?
Answer: 816
816-1097Science is the study in which observations are made, experiments are done and logical conclusions are drawn in order to understand the principal of nature
Question: 817
What is an atom and sub-atomic particles?
Answer: 817
817-1097Smallest particle of an element which can take part in a chemical reaction is called an atom. Sub-1 atomic particles are by which atoms are made e.g. electron, proton & neutron.
Question: 818
How would you differentiate between atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis ?
Answer: 818
818-1097Atherosclerosis: atherosclerosis is commonly referred to as it is a chronic disease in which accumulation of fatty materials , cholesterol or fibrin in arteries . When this condition is severe , arteries , can no longer expand and contract properly and blood moves through them with very difficult
Question: 819
What is meant by flooding?
Answer: 819
819-1097Ans: Flooding: It occurs due to more than normal rainfall or due to weak water distribution system. Rivers and canals overflow their banks and destroy the soil quality of agricultural lauds. It becomes impossible to gross crops immediately after flooding. In this way, flooding may be a reason for short-term famine.
Question: 820
What is meant by bio-element ?
Answer: 820
820-1097Outs of the 92 kind of elements that occur in nature. 16 are bio elements . these take part in making the body mass of a living organisms.out of these bio-elements.
Question: 821
What is Electron transport chain.?
Answer: 821
821-1097Electron Transport chain is the final step of cellular respiration . It is the transfer of electron on an electron transport chain. In this step. electrons and hydrogen ions. These electrons are taken up by a series of e electron carriers.
Question: 822
Define molecules
Answer: 822
822-1097Atoms of different elements combine with each other through ionic and covalent bonding to make a stable particle which is called molecule
Question: 823
Define tissues.
Answer: 823
823-1097We can define a tissues as a group of similar cells specialized for the performance of a common function.
Question: 824
What is meant by Bio economics ?
Answer: 824
824-1097Bio Economics deals with the study of organisms from economical point of views. For example the cost value and profit value of the yield of wheat can be calculated through bio economics and benefits or losses can be determine
Question: 825
Define digestion .
Answer: 825
825-1097The process of breaking up complex substances into simple substances is called digestion
Question: 826
Define Anatomy ?
Answer: 826
826-1097The study of internal structures is called Anatomy .
Question: 827
What are nutrients?
Answer: 827
827-1097The elements and compounds that an organism obtains and uses as energy source or for the synthesis of new materials are called nutrients.
Question: 828
How do enzymes lower the activation energy ?
Answer: 828
828-1097Enzymes lower the activation energy in several ways
1: They may alter the shape of substrate and reduce the requirement of energy for this change
2: Some enzymes do so by disrupting the charge distribution on substrate
3: Enzymes may also lower activation energy by bringing substrate in the correct rientation to react
Question: 829
State physical properties of metals
Answer: 829
829-10971: Almost all metals are solids (except mercury)
2: Metals have high melting and boiling points
Question: 830
List the name of ,major minerals .
Answer: 830
830-1097Iron , Zinc , chromium , fluoride , iodine are face minerals are face minerals
Question: 831
Think of a body which is at rest, but not in equilibrium?
Answer: 831
831-1097A ball thrown upward becomes at rest at the top. At this state it is not in equilibrium, although it is at rest.
Question: 832
What is Z- Scheme?
Answer: 832
832-1097The whole series of light reactions is called as Z- scheme due to its Z- shaped flow chart
Question: 833
Name three types of cellular organization ?
Answer: 833
833-1097These are
1: Unicellular organization
2: Colonial organization
3: Multicellular organization
Question: 834
Write down two name of each plant and animal tissues ?
Answer: 834
834-1097Ground and vascular tissuesare the plant tissues
Nervous and Muscular tissuesare the animals tissues
Question: 835
What is the advantage of galvanizing ?
Answer: 835
835-1097Advantage of galvanizing is that zinc protects the iron is exposed to the air and water , a galvanic cell is established and iron rust rapidly
Question: 836
Define antigen .
Answer: 836
836-1097An antigen is a molecule that can stimulate an immense response (antibody production ) located in the surface of the RBC
Question: 837
How will you differentiate between bolus and chyme?
Answer: 837
837-1097Bolus:1:During the processes of chewing, lubrication and semi-digestion, the pieces of food are rolled up by the tongue into small, slippery, spherical mass called bolus.2:We swallow bolus and push it in oesophagus through pharynx.
Question: 838
What is difference between leaf epidermis of aquatic plants and terrestrial plants ?
Answer: 838
838-1097Terrestrial plants have more stomata in the lower epidermis of their leaves while aquatic plants have more stomata in the upper epidermis
Question: 839
Write down the level of organization is sequence?
Answer: 839
839-1097- Sub atomic and Atomic level
- Molecular level
- Organ and organ system level
- tissue level
- Organisms level
- population Level
- Community Level
Question: 840
What are inorganic fertilizers?
Answer: 840
840-1097Naturally occurring inorganic fertilizers include rock phosphate. elemental sulphur gypsum that are not chemically modified. Most in organic fertilizer dissolve readily In immediately available to plants for uptake.
Question: 841
Define organ system
Answer: 841
841-1097Different organs performing related functions are organized together in the form of an organ system . In organ system each organ performs a specific function
Question: 842
Name the major biological issues of modern age
Answer: 842
842-1097Human population growth , infectious disease , addictive drugs and pollution are the major biological issues today
Question: 843
Define physiology and anatomy.
Answer: 843
843-1097Physiology: This branch deals with the study of the functions of different parts of living organisms
Question: 844
Which systems are present in Human for transport of materials?
Answer: 844
844-1097: Like other higher animals, the task of the transport of different material in human body is performed by two systems. i.e. blood circulatory system and lymphatic system. The two systems are well coordinated and associated with each other.
Question: 845
What are enzymes ?
Answer: 845
845-1097Enzymes are proteins that catalyze |(i-e speed up ) biochemical reactions and are not changed during the reaction
Question: 846
What is bypass surgery?
Answer: 846
846-1097The surgery in which arteries or veins from elsewhere in the patients body are grafted to the coronary arteries to improve the blood supply to heart muscles is not sufficient but shortage is not enough to cause tissue death
Question: 847
What is the role of Sulphur in plant's growth?
Answer: 847
847-1097Sulphur is component of proteins, vitamins and enzymes.
Question: 848
Define Neutral equilibrium?
Answer: 848
848-1097If a body remains in its new position when disturbed from its previous position, it is said to be in a state of neutral equilibrium.
Question: 849
How is carbon dioxide taken in by plants?
Answer: 849
849-1097The air that enters leaf through tiny pores (stomata) reaches into the air spaces present around mesophyll cells. This air carries CO2, which gets absorbed in the thin layer of water surrounding mesophyll cells. From here, the carbon dioxide diffuses into mesophyll cells.
Question: 850
What is medicine and surgery ?
Answer: 850
850-1097The profession of medicine deal with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases in human In surgery the body parts may be repaired, replaced or removed.
Question: 851
Write the name of two tissues present in stomach ?
Answer: 851
851-1097(i) Epithelial tissue
(ii) Muscular Tissue
Question: 852
What are proteins?
Answer: 852
852-1097Proteins are organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen. Proteins are composed of amino acids. These amino acids are used to produce new body protein and to replace damaged proteins
Question: 853
What is volvox ?
Answer: 853
853-1097Volvox is a green algae found in water that shows colonial organization . Hundreds of volvox cells make a colony
Question: 854
How tissues are different are different from organs ?
Answer: 854
854-1097Tissues and organs different from each other due to following reasons :
1: Similar cells performing similar functions are organized into groups called tissues while more than one types of tissues having related function are organized together and made a unit called organ
Question: 855
Define Heart.
Answer: 855
855-1097The heart is a muscular organ responsible for pumping blood through the blood vessels by repeated contractions. It is an important organ of circulatory system.
Question: 856
How does human heart work as double pump?
Answer: 856
856-1097Human heart work as a double pump . It receives de-oxygenated (with less oxygen ) blood from body and pumps into lungs, At the same time , it receives oxygenated with more oxygen) blood from lungs and pumps it to all body . Inside heart chambers ,the deoxygenated and oxygenated bloods are kept separated .
Question: 857
Define alcoholic fermentation .
Answer: 857
857-1097The type of anaerobic respiration in which pyruvic acid is further broken break down into alcohol (C2H5OH) and CO2 is called alcoholic respiration . It occurs in bacteria and yeasts .
Pyruvic acid➜Ethyl alcohol + carbondioxide
Question: 858
What is the difference between corrosion and rusting ?
Answer: 858
858-1097Corrosion : It is the general term used for all the metals
Corrosion of some metals may be stopped
It is redox reaction
Question: 859
What are different types of carbohydrates?
Answer: 859
859-1097Glucose, maltose, lactose, sources and starch
Question: 860
What is bio geography ?
Answer: 860
860-1097Bio geography is the study of occurrence and distribution of different species of livings organisms in different geographical regions of the world
Question: 861
What is meant by hypertension ?
Answer: 861
861-1097A condition in which blood pressure is higher than normal is called hypertension . Normal B.P is 120/180 mm/Hg
Question: 862
What are biocatalyst ?
Answer: 862
862-1097Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they act as a biocatlyst , which speed up and regular metabolic pathways
Question: 863
What are harmful effects of deficiency of calcium ?
Answer: 863
863-1097Deficiency of calcium causes spontaneous discharge of nerve impulses , which may result in tetany . Bones also becomes soft , blood clots slowly , and wounds heal slowly
Question: 864
Different between population and community ?
Answer: 864
864-1097Population:is define as a group of organisms of the same species located at the same place
Question: 865
Define osmosis.
Answer: 865
865-1097The movement of water from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution. through a permeable membrane (cell membrane) is called osmosis.
Question: 866
Write about Lubb- Dubb
Answer: 866
866-1097: When ventricle contact the tricuspid and bicuspid valves close and lubh sound is produced. Similarly when ventricles relax, the semilunar valves close and dub. Sound is produced. Lubb-dub can be heard with the help of a stethoscope.
Question: 867
Why do carnivorous plants eat small animals?
Answer: 867
867-1097The plants, which grown in nitrogen deficiency soil eat small animals, they digested products of animals which are a good supply of nitrogen.
Question: 868
Define cell.
Answer: 868
868-1097Cell is the basic structural and functional unit of living things . It is made by many organelles
Question: 869
Define biological method ?
Answer: 869
869-1097A biological problem is a question related to living organisms that is either asked by someone or comes in biological's mind by himself
Question: 870
Difference between homoatomic and heteroatoic molecules with examples.
Answer: 870
870-1097Homo Atomic Molecule:
A molecule containing same type of atoms is called homoatomic molecule, eg
Hydrogen (H2), Ozone (O3) etc
Question: 871
Describe any two applications of Horticulture in daily life
Answer: 871
871-10971: Betterment of existing varieties of plants
2: Production of new varieties of ornamental plants and fruits
Question: 872
What is the role of manganese in plant's growth?
Answer: 872
872-1097Manganese is involved in enzyme activity for photosynthesis, respiration and nitrogen metabolism.
Question: 873
Define microbiology ?
Answer: 873
873-1097The division of biology , which deals the study of microorganisms such as bacteria are called microbiolgy
Question: 874
Define aerobic respiration
Answer: 874
874-1097The cellular respiration occurring in the presence of oxygen is called aerobic respiration
Question: 875
What is tricuspid valve?
Answer: 875
875-1097The opening between right atrium and right ventricle is guarded by a salve called tricuspid salve (which is guarded by 3 flaps). It allows the blood to move front right atrium to right ventricle and prevent back flow,
Question: 876
Define absorption
Answer: 876
876-1097The process of diffusion of digested food into blood and lymph is called absorption.
Question: 877
What is the average life of R.B.C?
Answer: 877
877-1097The average life of R.B.C.s is that 2-10 million red blood cells are formed and destroyed every second.
Question: 878
Why it is incorrect to say that the energy releasing step of respiration is electron transport chain?
Answer: 878
878-1097Energy is released in glycolysis and Krebs cycle in the form of NADH and FADH2. Electron transport chain transforms the energy present in these compounds to ATP.
Question: 879
What are the contributions of Bu Ali Sim ?
Answer: 879
879-1097He is honoured as the founder of medicine and called as Avicenna in the west. He was a physician, philosopher, astronomer and poet. One of his books "Al-anon fi Tib" is known as the canon of medicine in West
Question: 880
What is meant by thrombus?
Answer: 880
880-1097The blood clots formed by plagues within arteries are called thrombus.
Question: 881
Define anaerobic respiration .
Answer: 881
881-1097The cellular respiration occurring in the absence of oxygen is called aerobic respiration
Question: 882
What is the function of lipids in body and what are their sources ?
Answer: 882
882-1097Lipids play many roles in bodies . They are used to form membranes , the sheaths surrounding neurons , and certain hormone lipids are also extremely useful energy
Question: 883
Why organ system in animals is more complex than plants ?
Answer: 883
883-1097The organ system level is less complex in plants (e.g root system ) as compared to animals . This is due ta a greater range of functions and activities in animals than in plants
Question: 884
Which organisms carry out photosynthesis?
Answer: 884
884-1097Autotrophic organisms like plants, some protists and some bacteria use inorganic raw materials such as carbon dioxide and water for the preparation of organic food, which IUS primarily comprises of carbohydrates
Question: 885
Differentiate between macronutrients and micronutrients?
Answer: 885
885-1097The nutrients which are require in large 1 The nutrients which are required in small quantities are called macronutrients. e.g. quantities are called micronutrients e.g. iron, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, magnesium, molybdenum, boron, chlorine, zinc etc. potassium.
Question: 886
Write the characteristics of cardiac muscles .
Answer: 886
886-1097The muscles present in heart walls are called cardia muscles Cardiac muscles are involuntary in action are composed of branched striated cells , each with a single nucleus
Question: 887
Name famous books of Jabar Bin Hayan and Abdul Malik Asmai
Answer: 887
887-1097Al-Nabatat , Al-Haywan , Al-Abil(Camel) , Al-Khalil (Horse) Al-Wahoosh (Animal) and Khalq al- Ansan
Question: 888
Define biomathematics/biometry.
Answer: 888
888-1097It deals with the study of biological processes using mathematical techniques and tools. For example to analyze the data gathered after experimental work, biologists have to apply the rules of mathematics.
Question: 889
Differentiate between anabolism and catabolism
Answer: 889
889-1097Anabolism : Anabolism includes the biochemical reactions in which larger molecules are synthesized . Energy is utilized in anabolism
Example : Photosynthesis
Question: 890
Man has always been a biologists .Explain
Answer: 890
890-1097Man has always a biologists . He had to be a biologists in order to live . Early in history, he was a hunter of animals and gather fruits ,seeds,roots etc . The more he knew about plants ,the better he distinguished between edible and non-edible plants
Question: 891
Which mosquito transmits dengue fever?
Answer: 891
891-1097Aedes mosquito transmits dengue fever
Question: 892
What are the advantages of organic fertilizers?
Answer: 892
892-1097Organic fertilizers like manure and compost can increase soil drainage, aeration, and the ability of the soil to hold nutrients
Question: 893
State the process of opening and closing phenomena of stomata in the leaf of plants
Answer: 893
893-1097When a leaf transpires, the water concentrations of its mesophyll cells drops . This drop causes water osmosis from the xylem of leaf it creates a pulling force that continues all the way to root .
Question: 894
What is the biosphere level ?
Answer: 894
894-1097The part of the earth inherited by organisms communities is known as biosphere. It constitutes all ecosystem (areas where living organisms interact with the non-living components of the environment ) and is also called the zone of life on earth
Question: 895
Write down the characteristic of frog?
Answer: 895
895-1097- Frog has multicellular organization of its body.
- His body is made up of organs system and each organs system and each organs system consists of related organs.
- All body organs of frog are made up of specific tissues.
Question: 896
What is Krebs Cycle?
Answer: 896
896-1097In Krebs cycle. the pyruvic -acid molecules are completely oxidized, along with the formation of ATP. NADH. and FADH2. Before entering in Krebs cycle. pyruvic acid changed into a 2-carbon compound called acetyl-CoA
Question: 897
Why full grain bread is better than wheat bread ?
Answer: 897
897-1097Because grain bread or wheat bread is the part of the dietary fiber
Question: 898
Define science ?
Answer: 898
898-1097Science is the study in which observations are made , experiments are done and logical conclusions are drawn in order to understand the principles of nature
Question: 899
What is pericardium?
Answer: 899
899-1097Heart is enclosed in a sac known as pericardium. There is a fluid known as pericardial fluid between pericardium and heart walls. It reduces friction between pericardium and heart. during heart contraction.
Question: 900
Stomach is an organ of the digestive system, but it also secretes a hormone. "hut hormone ‘‘,It, 'and what function it performs?
Answer: 900
900-1097Some quantity of gastric juice is always present in stomach. In this case, already present gastric juice begins the digestion of huge proteins into peptides. These peptides stimulate some cells of stomach walls to release a hormone called gastrin. This hormone enters blood and is distributed to all parts of body. In stomach, it has specific effect and stimulates the gastric glands to secrete more gastric juice.
Question: 901
Define cofactor and coenzymes .
Answer: 901
901-1097Cofactors : The non-protein molecules or ions which are required by enzymes to show full activity are called cofactors . Cofactors may be inorganic (e.g metal ions ) or organic (e.g flavin and heme )
Question: 902
Which characteristics should a hypothesis have ?
Answer: 902
902-1097A hypothesis should have the following characteristics
1: It should be a general statement
2: It should agree with available observations
3: It should be a tentative idea
4: It should be kept as simple as possible
5: It should be testable and potentially falsifiable
Question: 903
Why is oxygen necessary for plants?
Answer: 903
903-1097Oxygen is necessary for cellular respiration. Ans: Minerals are inorganic elements that originate in the earth and cannot be made in body.
Question: 904
What are the risk factors of cardiovascular disorders ?
Answer: 904
904-1097The risk factors that lead to cardiovascular problem include advanced age , diabetes ,high blood concentration of low -density lipids (cholestrol) and trigylycerides , tobacco smoking, high blood pressure (hypertension ) ,obesity and sedentary lifestyles
Question: 905
Which membrane is present both in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Answer: 905
905-1097Cell membrane (outer covering of cell )
Question: 906
Name vegetative and reproductive parts of mustard plants ?
Answer: 906
906-1097Reproductive parts:Flowers
Question: 907
How is water and salt reached to mesophyll cells in non-vascular plants ?
Answer: 907
907-1097In non-vascular plants water and salts reach the mesophyll cells of leaves by the phenomena of diffusion , osmosis etc.
Question: 908
Write blood groups of human blood
Answer: 908
908-1097There are four different blood groups.
(i) A person antigen A on RBCs has blood group A.
(ii) A person antigen B on RBCs has blood group B.
(iii) A person antigen A,B on RBCs has blood group AB.
(iv) A person non of A,B antigen has blood group 0
Question: 909
Who discovered Krebs cycle?
Answer: 909
909-1097A British biochemist. Sir Hans Krebs discovered this Krebs cycle.
Question: 910
What will happen if the blood is transfused between the person having different blood groups?
Answer: 910
910-1097If the blood is transfused between person having different blood groups, it will result in agglutination (clumping cells) which will result in recipient's blood.
Question: 911
Write the importance of water for plants .
Answer: 911
911-1097Water is vital to plants life. It is necessary not just for photosynthesis and turgor but much of the cellular activities occur in the presence of water molecules and the internal temperature of the plants also regulated by water .
Question: 912
How do scientists summarize experimental results ?
Answer: 912
912-1097Biologists gather actual , quantitative data from experiment . Data from each of the groups are then averaged and compared statistically . To draw conclusions , biologists also uses statistical analysis
Question: 913
Which are different groups of vitamins ?
Answer: 913
913-1097Vitamins may be divided into two groups
1: The fat-soluble vitamins (vitamins A,D,E,and K
Question: 914
What is parasite?
Answer: 914
914-1097The organisms that take food and shelter from living hosts and in return harm them are called parasites. Example: Tapeworm
Question: 915
What is Quinine ?
Answer: 915
915-1097The substance extracted from cinchona bark to treat malaria is called quinine
Question: 916
Define nutrition.
Answer: 916
916-1097The process in which food is obtained or prepared, absorbed and convened into body substances for growth and energy, is called nutrition.
Question: 917
When is blood transferred ?
Answer: 917
917-1097Blood transfusion can be life saving in some situations , such as massive loss of blood due to injury or can be used to replace blood lost during surgery . People suffering from anemia ,haemophilia , thalassaemia or sickle - cell disease require frequent blood transfusion
Question: 918
State the best method for protection of metal from corrosion .
Answer: 918
918-1097The best method for protection against the corrosion of metals exposed to acidic conditions is coating the metal with other metal . Corrosion resistant metals like Zn , Sn and Cr are coated on the surface of iron to protect it from corrosion
Question: 919
What are the main stages of the aerobic respiration?
Answer: 919
919-10971: Glycolysis
2: Krebs cycle
3: Electron transport chain
Question: 920
What are amino acids?
Answer: 920
920-1097Acids are building blocks of proteins. These are of 20 different types.
Question: 921
What do you mean by vascular surgery ?
Answer: 921
921-1097Vascular surgery is a field in surgery in which disease of arteries and veins (like thrombosis ) are managed by surgical methods . A vascular surgeon treats the disease of all parts of blood circulatory system except that of heart and brain
Question: 922
What role does this step play in scientific method ?
Answer: 922
922-1097Publishing of results is an essential part of the scientific method . It allows other people to verify the results or apply the knowledge to solve other problems
Question: 923
What are vascular plants ?
Answer: 923
923-1097The plants which have vascular tissues i-e xylem and phloem are called vascular plants . Xylem tissues carry water and salts from soil to mesophyll cells of leaves . Phloem tissues transport prepared food from leaves to other parts of plants
Question: 924
What are the effects of magnesium deficiency in plants?.
Answer: 924
924-1097Deficiency of magnesium causes yellowing and wilting of leaves.
Question: 925
How electroplating of zinc is carried out ?
Answer: 925
925-1097The zinc is deposited on the metal buy immersing it in a chemical bath containing electrolyte zinc sulphate . A current is applied which results in depositing of zinc on the target metal i-e cathode
Question: 926
What role is played by iron in humans ?
Answer: 926
926-1097Iron plays a major role in oxygen transport and storage . It is a component of hemoglobin in red blood cells and myoglobin in muscles cells . Cellular energy production also requires iron . It acts as enzymes cofactor . Iron also support immune function
Question: 927
Define community .
Answer: 927
927-1097A community is the assembling of different populations , interacting with one another with in the same environment
Question: 928
Differentiate between Arteries and Veins
Answer: 928
928-1097Arteries:
These are the blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. The lumen of arteries is narrower than veins.
Question: 929
What is epidermis ?
Answer: 929
929-1097The single layer of cells on leaves is thin , it is called epidermis it is covered by cuticle
Question: 930
List sixteen bio elements .
Answer: 930
930-1097Only six (O,C,N,H,Ca & P) make 99% of the total mass other ten (Cu ,Mg ,Na, Cl, Mn , Zn, K ,S,I & Fe ) collectively make 01% of the total mass
Question: 931
Why is the calcium and hydrogen important for plant?
Answer: 931
931-1097Hydrogen is necessary for building biomolecules. Calcium activates
enzymes, structural component of cell wall and influences water movements in cells.
Question: 932
Which four observations were made about malaria in the last part of nineteenth century ?
Answer: 932
932-10971: Malaria and marshy areas have some relation
2: Quinine is an effecting drug for testing malaria
3: Drinking the water of marshes does not cause malaria
4: Plasmodium is seen in the blood of malarial patient
Question: 933
What are the health risks if we take more saturated fatty acids in our diet?
Answer: 933
933-1097Saturated fatty acids can increase a person's cholesterol level. An increased cholesterol level may eventually result in the clogging of arteries and, ultimately, heart disease.
Question: 934
Define culex
Answer: 934
934-1097Culex is a kind of mosquito , female of which spreads malaria in sparrows
Question: 935
Name the major components of human's food?
Answer: 935
935-1097The nutrients used by humans include carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acid, proteins, minerals and vitamins. Beside these nutrients, they also required water.
Question: 936
What is the function of leukocytes ?
Answer: 936
936-10971: Their function as main agents in the body's defense system
2: They destroy small particles through phagocytosis
3: They break inflammatory substances and kill parasites
4: They prevent blood clotting
Question: 937
Define ratio .
Answer: 937
937-1097When a relation between two numbers e.g 'a' and 'b' is expressed in terms of quotient (a/b) , such a relation is the ratio of one number to the other . It is expressed by putting a division or colon mark between two numbers
Question: 938
What hypothesis was made in case of malaria ?
Answer: 938
938-1097Plasmodium is the cause of malaria
Question: 939
Describe the structure of veins.
Answer: 939
939-1097: The walls of veins are composed of the three layers. The tunica externa composed of connective tissue, tunica media made up of muscles and elastic tissue. tunica intimae made up of endothelia cells.
Question: 940
What do you mean by galvanizing ?
Answer: 940
940-1097The process of coating a thin layer of zinc on iron is called galvanizing
Question: 941
What is the role of nitrogen in plants?
Answer: 941
941-1097Plant get nitrogen in the form of nitrates. Nitrogen is a major component of proteins, hormones, chlorophyll, vitamins and enzymes essential for plant life. Nitrogen metabolism is a major factor , in stem and leaf growth
Question: 942
Where does Frog live and what is its scientific name ?
Answer: 942
942-1097Frog lives in the both water and terrestrial medium . It belongs to class Amphibians , its scientific name is Rana tigrina
Question: 943
Where are fermenting abilities of micro -organisms being used by scientists ?
Answer: 943
943-1097Scientists have used the fermenting abilities of fungi and bacteria for the benefit of mankind . For example , the fermenting powers of bacteria are used for making cheese and yogurt . Fermentation in yeast is used in brewing and baking industries . Similarly soya sauce is made through the fermentation by a fungus Aspergillus
Question: 944
What is the role of copper, zinc, chlorine and nickel in plants growth?
Answer: 944
944-1097Copper and zinc are components of several enzymes. Chlorine is involved in osmosis and nickel is required in nitrogen metabolism.
Question: 945
Name different levels of biological organization
Answer: 945
945-1097Biologists study biological organization at differ evels, which are as follows. (i) Subatomic and Atomic level (ii) Molecular level (iii) Organelle and cell level (iv) Tissue level (v) Organ and organ system level (vi) Individual level (vii) Population level (viii) Community level (ix) Biosphere level
Question: 946
Give two example of biological law
Answer: 946
946-10971: Hardy-Wienberg law
2: Mendel's law of inheritance
Question: 947
What is meant by data observation ?
Answer: 947
947-1097The collection and rearrangement of information to formulate and to test hypothesis is called data organization
Question: 948
What are different phase of anaerobic respiration or fermentation ?
Answer: 948
948-10971: The first is like aerobic respiration , and two molecules of pyruvic acid are formed by one molecules of glucose
Question: 949
What are fertilizers?
Answer: 949
949-1097Certain materials. the addition of which to soil sometimes resulted in plants which desirable characteristics (e.g more fruit, faster growth, more attractive flowers) are named as fertilize, Fertilizers are broadly classification as organic and inorganic
Question: 950
Define genetics ?
Answer: 950
950-1097The study of genes and their role in inheritance is called genetics . Inheritance means the transmission of characters from one generation to the other
Question: 951
What is scientific method ?
Answer: 951
951-1097The scientific method in which biological problems are solved , it termed as biological method
Example : study of malaria
Question: 952
What are the contributions of Whittaker, Margulis and Schwartz in taxonomy?
Answer: 952
952-1097In 1967. Robert Whittaker introduced the live kingdom classification system. In 1988, Margulis and Schwartz modified the five — kingdom classification of Whittaker.
Question: 953
Define ingestion .
Answer: 953
953-1097The process of taking food is called ingestion
Question: 954
Define organ .
Answer: 954
954-1097In higher multicellular organisms , more than one types of tissues having related functions are organized together to make a unit , called organ
Question: 955
What is meant by incubation period?
Answer: 955
955-1097The period between the entry of parasite in host and appearance of symptoms is called incubation period
Question: 956
What is the role of molybdenum in plant's growth?
Answer: 956
956-1097Molybdenum is component of the enzyme that reduces nitrates to ammonia, and makes many amino acids.
Question: 957
Write the chemical equation aerobic
Answer: 957
957-1097The chemical equation aerobic respiration
C6H12+602➜6CO2 + 6H20 Energy
Question: 958
Patients bleeds from from the nose , gums and under the skin is dengue Why?
Answer: 958
958-1097It is due to dengue fever . Due to destructions of platelets
Question: 959
What are different groups of living organisms ?
Answer: 959
959-1097There are five groups of living organisms
1: Prokaryotes
2: Protist
3: Fungi
4: Plants
5: Animals
Question: 960
What was the name of first medicine of malaria curing ?
Answer: 960
960-1097The bark of a tree known as quina-quina was vey suitable for curing malaria
Question: 961
Name different parts of mustard plant ?
Answer: 961
961-1097Mustard plant has two parts :
1: Vegetative parts (root, stem, leaves, branches )
2: Reproductive parts (flowers which produce fruits and seeds)
Question: 962
What are lipids?
Answer: 962
962-1097The lipids present in food are composed of fatty acids bonded to glycerol. saturated or unsaturated. The fatty acids may be saturated or unsaturated
Question: 963
Why blood is pulmonary circulation is low pressure than that of in systematic circulation ?
Answer: 963
963-1097Because it gives sufficient time to blood for gaseous exchange in lungs
Question: 964
Differentiate between unicellular and multicellular
Answer: 964
964-1097Unicellular : An organism which is made up of one cell is called unicellular organism
e.g paramecium , amoeba
Question: 965
What are the sources of electrons in electron transport chain?
Answer: 965
965-1097NADH and FADH2 release electrons and hydrogen ions
Question: 966
How are humidity affect of temperature on the rate of transpiration ?
Answer: 966
966-1097Air humidity : When air is dry , water vapour diffuse more quickly from the surface of mesophyll cells into leaf air spaces and then from air spaces to outside . This increase the rate of transpiration . In humid air , the rate of the diffusion of water vapours is reduced and the rate of transpiration is low
Question: 967
Define species
Answer: 967
967-1097A species is a group of organisms which can be determined freely among them and produce fertile offspring , but are reproductively isolated from all other such groups in nature . Each species possesses its own distinct structural , ecological , and behavioral characteristics
Question: 968
Why reactivity of metals increases down the group ?
Answer: 968
968-1097Reactivity of metals increases down the group because down the group , size of atoms increases due to addition of shells . When the shells are added and the size of atoms increases the electropositive character increases due to which it becomes easier to lose its valence electron
Question: 969
What was the name of medicine for malaria curing ?
Answer: 969
969-1097Quina-quina is the name of tree , which was exported from America to Europe to cure fevers . Quina-quina first medicine used for curing
Question: 970
What are carbohydrates?
Answer: 970
970-1097Carbohydrates are organic compounds, which are made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Carbohydrates are the basic sources of energy for all animals.
Question: 971
What are the sources of elements to plants?
Answer: 971
971-1097Plants absorb carbon and oxygen from air. while other elements are absorbed from soil.
Question: 972
Why it is difficult to learn about way of life of each organism?
Answer: 972
972-1097Organisms range in complexity from small and simple bacteria to large and complex human. Some of them live in sea, some on land, some walk, other fly. Each organism has its own way of life. When there is so diversity in organisms, it becomes difficult to learn about characteristics each.
Question: 973
What are heterotrophic organisms?
Answer: 973
973-1097The organisms, which obtain their food from other organisms and use it for growth and energy. are called heterotrophic organisms.
Question: 974
Define biophysics.
Answer: 974
974-1097It deals with the study of the principles of physics, which are applicable to biological phenomena. For example there is a simil ity between the working principles of lever in physics and limbs of animal in biology
Question: 975
Define classification?
Answer: 975
975-1097The systematic grouping of organisms into categories on the basis of evolutionary or structural relationship between them.
Question: 976
Give names and examples of complex and simple communities
Answer: 976
976-1097Complex communities : A forest community , a pond community
Question: 977
What are the different categories of minerals ? Define them .
Answer: 977
977-1097Minerals are divides into two categories
1: Major minerals 2: Trace minerals
Question: 978
Define environmental biology .
Answer: 978
978-1097The branch of biology , which deals with the study of the interaction between the organisms and their environment
Question: 979
What are the causes of decline of population of Indus dolphin?
Answer: 979
979-1097The population of Indus dolphin diclined because of various factors, including water pollution poaching and destruction of habitat due to barrages and darns etc. according to WWF-P, only 6' animals of this species are left today in the Indus River in Pakistan.
Question: 980
What is a extinct species?
Answer: 980
980-1097A species is called extinct when there is no doubt that the last individual of that species has died
Question: 981
Difference between morphology and physiology .
Answer: 981
981-1097Morphology : The branch of biology , which deals with the study of the structures and forms of living organisms is called morphology
Example : Study structure of eye etc.
Question: 982
What are organic fertilizers?
Answer: 982
982-1097Organic fertilizers are derived from plant and animal materials. They are more complex sad take time to be broken down into forms usable by plants Manure and compost are used as organic fertilizers.
Question: 983
What are priors and viroids?
Answer: 983
983-1097Prions are composed of protein only and act as infectious particle. in plants Viroids are composed of circular RNA only act as infectious particles and cause diseases in certain plants
Question: 984
Define Prokaryotes .
Answer: 984
984-1097The unicellular organisms that do not have distinct nucleus are grouped as prokaryotes
Question: 985
What was the contribution of Ronald Ross to test deduction by A.F.A King ?
Answer: 985
985-1097Ronald Ross , a British army physician working in India in 1880's allowed female Anopeles mosquito to bite a malarial patient , he killed the mosquito some days later and found plasmodium multiplying in mosquitos stomach
Question: 986
How much energy is obtained by one gam of protein ?
Answer: 986
986-1097One gram of protein contains 04 kilocalories of energy
Question: 987
Which careers can be adopted by students of biology?
Answer: 987
987-1097(i) Medicine/Surgery (ii) Animals husbandry (iii) Fisheries (iv) Agriculture (v) Horticulture (vi) Farming (vii) Forestry (VW) Biotechnology
Question: 988
Write names of three main divisions of biology
Answer: 988
988-1097The name of three main divisions of biology is given below:
1: Zoology 2: Botany 3: Microbiology
Question: 989
Which food are sources of lipids?
Answer: 989
989-1097Important sources of lipids include milk. butter, cheese, eggs, mutton, tish, mustard seeds, coconut and dry fruits etc.
Question: 990
Define biochemistry.
Answer: 990
990-1097It deals with the study of chemistry of different compounds and processes occurring in living organisms. For example; study of basic metabolism of photosynthesis and respiration involves the knowledge of chemistry
Question: 991
If we supply inorganic and organic fertilizers to a plant, which one would be first available to the plant for uptake?
Answer: 991
991-1097Inorganic fertilizer
Question: 992
What are different kind of observations ?
Answer: 992
992-1097Observation may be qualitative and quantitative
Question: 993
Differentiate between micromolecules and macromolecules
Answer: 993
993-1097Micromolecules :The molecule with low molecular weight are called micro-molecule
Example : glucose ,water etc
Question: 994
What is the role of potassium in plans life?
Answer: 994
994-1097Potassium regulates the opening and closing of stoma and reduces water loss from leaves
Question: 995
Why is data analysis necessary ?
Answer: 995
995-1097Data analysis is necessary to prove or disprove a hypothesis by experimentation
Question: 996
Which organ make digestive system ?
Answer: 996
996-10971:Oral cavity
2: Stomach
3: Liver
4: Pancreas
5 :Small intestine
6: Large intestine
Question: 997
Which disease are caused by deficiency of iron ?
Answer: 997
997-1097Iron deficiency cause anaemia
Question: 998
It is difficult to use the criterion of interbreeding to define species of unicellular organisms. Why?
Answer: 998
998-1097The criteria of interbreeding cannot be used for species recognition in organisms who reproduce asexually and do not interbreed with one another.
Question: 999
What is the importance of biological method ?
Answer: 999
999-1097From Galileo's experiment back in 1590's to current research , the biological method has contributed to the advancement in medicine , ecology , technology , etc . biological method also ensure the quality of data for public use
Question: 1000
Name the metal which is used for galvanizing iron
Answer: 1000
1000-1097Zinc metal is used for galvanizing iron
Question: 1001
Which foods are source of calcium ?
Answer: 1001
1001-1097Human get calcium from milk , cheese , egg yolk , beans , nuts , and cabbage etc
Question: 1002
Explain status of virus.
Answer: 1002
1002-1097The viruses are considered on the border line of living and non-living organisms. They ha. - genetic material and can reproduce like living organism. And they form crystals which characteristic of non-living organisms. So they are not kept in any kingdom.
Question: 1003
Define experimental group
Answer: 1003
1003-1097A set up of experiment in which no variable one variable being tested is kept missing is called experimental group
Question: 1004
How many elements are found in nature ?
Answer: 1004
1004-1097There are 92 different types of elements are found in nature
Question: 1005
Which food are sources of proteins ?
Answer: 1005
1005-1097Dietary sources of proteins are meat, eggs , grains , legumes and dairy products such as milk and cheese
Question: 1006
Define deforestation .
Answer: 1006
1006-1097Deforestation means cutting down of trees for the conservation of the forest to non-forest land
Question: 1007
Write a note on animal husbandry
Answer: 1007
1007-1097It is the branch of agriculture concerned with the care and breeding of domestic animals (livestock) e.g cattle , sheep ,etc . Professional course in animal husbandry can be adapted can be adopted after the higher secondary education in biology
Question: 1008
Differentiate between morphology and anatomy .
Answer: 1008
1008-1097Morphology : The branch of biology , which deals with the study of the structure and forms of living organism is called morphology
Question: 1009
How does nutrition occur in humans ?
Answer: 1009
1009-1097Nutrition in humans comprises of five phases name ingestion , digestion , absorption , assimilation and defecation
Question: 1010
What are vitamins ?
Answer: 1010
1010-1097Vitamins are chemical compounds that are required in low amounts but are essential for normal growth and metabolism
Question: 1011
Write the deduction process .
Answer: 1011
1011-1097The logical consequences of the hypothesis are called deduction . For this purpose , a hypothesis is taken as true and expected results (deduction ) are drawn from it
Question: 1012
Describe major contributions of Jabir Bin Hayan
Answer: 1012
1012-1097Jabir Bin Hayan introduced experimental investigation in chemistry and also wrote a number of books on plants and animals . His famous books are Al-Nabatat and Al-Haywan
Question: 1013
Which food are sources of carbohydrates?
Answer: 1013
1013-1097Bread, pastas, beans, potatoes, bran, rice and cereals are sources of carbohydrates.
Question: 1014
What was the only effective remedy of malaria from the 17th century to the 20th century ?
Answer: 1014
1014-1097Quinine
Question: 1015
Name some plant tissues?
Answer: 1015
1015-10971: Epidermal tissues
2: Ground tissues
Question: 1016
How are minerals important for humans ?
Answer: 1016
1016-1097Minerals play an important roles in various body functions and necessary to maintain health
Question: 1017
Define species .
Answer: 1017
1017-1097A species is defined as a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring
Question: 1018
Why is anode made up of a metal to be deposited during electrolysis ?
Answer: 1018
1018-1097When the current is passed , the metal from anode dissolves in the solution and metallic ions migrate to the cathode and discharge or deposit in the cathode (object) As a result of this discharge , a thin layer of metal deposits on the object
Question: 1019
What is meant by bio-chemist ?
Answer: 1019
1019-1097The elements which take part in making body mass of living things are called bio elements . These are 16
Question: 1020
What is cinchona ?
Answer: 1020
1020-1097Cinchona is a tree , the bark of which was found to be excellent remedy for treating malaria
Question: 1021
While testing the hypothesis that 'plasmodium' is the cause of malaria what would be the control group of experiment ? Blood of malaria patient or bloods of healthy persons .
Answer: 1021
1021-1097Blood of healthy persons
Question: 1022
What is meant by divisions of labour in a cell?
Answer: 1022
1022-1097Each organelle in a cell has been assigned a specific function which it has to perform , so all activities of a cell are divided among many organelles, this is called division of labour
Question: 1023
Define bioinformatics ?
Answer: 1023
1023-1097Bioinformatics refers to the computational and statistical techniques for the analysis of biological data
Question: 1024
Explain colonial type of cellular organization .
Answer: 1024
1024-1097In colonial type of cellular organization , many unicellular organisms live together but also do not have any division of labour among them . Each unicellular organisms is a colony lives in its own life and does not depend on their cells for its vital requirements
Question: 1025
Define biogeography
Answer: 1025
1025-1097It deals with the study of the occurrence and distribution of different species of living organism in different Geographical regions of the world. It applies the knowledge of characteristics of particulars geographical regions to determine the characteristics of organism found there.
Question: 1026
What are the aims of classification?
Answer: 1026
1026-1097To determine similarities and differences among organisms so that they can be studied easily.
(ii) To find evolutionary relationship among organisms.
Question: 1027
Define hypothesis
Answer: 1027
1027-1097The tentative explanation of the observation is called hypothesis
Question: 1028
What are fossils ?
Answer: 1028
1028-1097The remains of extinct organisms are called fossils
Question: 1029
Name major types of animal tissues
Answer: 1029
1029-1097There are four major types of animal tissues
1: Epithelial tissues
2: Connective tissues
3: Nervous tissues
4: Muscular tissues
Question: 1030
What is the contribution of Andrea Caesalpino in classification of plants?
Answer: 1030
1030-1097Andrea Caesalpino (1519-1603) was an Italian botanist who proposed the first methodical arrangement of plants. He divided plants into fifteen groups called "genera.
Question: 1031
Define anopheles
Answer: 1031
1031-1097Anopheles is a kind of mosquito , female of this mosquito spread malaria in human beings
Question: 1032
What are uses of lipids?
Answer: 1032
1032-1097Lipids are used to form membranes, the sheaths surrounding neurons and certain hormones. Lipids are also extremely useful source of energy
Question: 1033
Define biomolecules .
Answer: 1033
1033-1097The stable particles which is made by atoms of biochemist i-e carbon, nitrogen , sulphur , etc through ionic or covalent bonding is called biomolecules
Question: 1034
What is basic of five kingdom Classification system?
Answer: 1034
1034-1097Basis of Classification:
1: The levels of cellular organization i.e prokaryotic. unicellular eukaryotic and multicellular eukaryotic
2: The principal modes of nutrition i.e photosynthesis, absorption. and ingestion.
3:On this basis, organisms are classified into five kingdoms: monera, protista. fungi plantae and animalia
Question: 1035
Define population .
Answer: 1035
1035-1097A population is defined as a group of organism of the same species located at the same place , in the same time
Question: 1036
What is the importance of calcium in humans ?
Answer: 1036
1036-1097Calcium is essential for the development and maintenance of bones and teeth . It is also needed for maintaining cell membrane and connective tissues and for the activation of several enzymes . Calcium also adds in blood clotting
Question: 1037
How do different types of tissues functions in one organ ?
Answer: 1037
1037-1097In stomach (organ) two major tissues
1: Epithelial tissues , which secrete gastric juice and
2: Muscular tissues perform contraction of stomach walls for grinding of food , and moving food to posterior end
Question: 1038
What is the difference between zoology and botany ?
Answer: 1038
1038-1097Zoology : This division of biology with the study of animals
Example : The study of frog , human
Question: 1039
What is done in the professional study of biotechnology?
Answer: 1039
1039-1097It is the latest profession in the field of biology. Biotechnologists study and work for the production of useful products through microorganisms
e.g enzymes ,antibiotics etc
Question: 1040
What is meant by reporting the results ?
Answer: 1040
1040-1097Reporting of results means publishing findings by biologists in scientific journal and books ,in talks at national and international meetings and in seminars at colleges and universities
Question: 1041
What are the functions of organelles ?
Answer: 1041
1041-1097Each type of organelle is specialized to perform a specific function
Question: 1042
What is the scientific name of mustard plant and frog ?
Answer: 1042
1042-1097Scientific name of mustard plant is Brassica campestris and of frog is Rana tigrina
Question: 1043
What is the control in experiments ? Explain with example .
Answer: 1043
1043-1097There are two types of groups in experimental :
1: Controlled group
2: Experimental group
The scientists must contrast an experimental group with a control group
Question: 1044
Write two advantages of Brassica plant/ mustard plant
Answer: 1044
1044-1097Advantages :
1 The plant body of brassica is used as vegetable
2: It seeds are used for extracting oil
Question: 1045
Differentiate between the terms "extinct" and "endangered"
Answer: 1045
1045-1097Extinct:
A species is called extinct when there is no doubt that the last individual of that species has died. Example: Dinasour
Question: 1046
What is the function of reproductive parts of plants ?
Answer: 1046
1046-1097Flowers take part in sexual reproduction and produce fruits and seeds
Question: 1047
Write down the hierarchy amongest a kingdom
Answer: 1047
1047-10971: Phylum (division for plants and fungi):
A phylum is a group of related classes.
Question: 1048
Which steps are taken by biologists to solve a biological problem ?
Answer: 1048
1048-1097Following steps are taken by biologists to solve a biological problem
Question: 1049
Which animal lives in northern areas ?
Answer: 1049
1049-1097The northern areas provides habitat habitats to Musk deer , Snow leopard , Astore markhor , and Himalyan ibex ,Wooly flying squirrel and the brown bear
Question: 1050
Name any one biological problem ?
Answer: 1050
1050-1097Malaria is the biological problem
Question: 1051
Explain with an example that in organism , the function , processes and activities of various organs and organ system are co-ordinated
Answer: 1051
1051-1097When a man is engaged in continuous and hard exercise not only his muscles but also there is an increase in the rate of respiration and heart beat . This accelerated rate of the respiration and heart beat supplies more oxygen and food to the muscle which they need for continuous work
Question: 1052
Difference between cell biology and histology .
Answer: 1052
1052-1097Cell biology : The study of the structure and functions of cell and cell organelles is called cell biology . This branch also with the study of cell division
Question: 1053
Quantitative observations are better in biological method . How ?
Answer: 1053
1053-1097Quantitative observations are considered more accurate than qualitative ones because the quantitative observations are invariable and measurable and can be recorded in terms of number
Question: 1054
What is habitat and how it is different from community ?
Answer: 1054
1054-1097Habitat : It means the area of the environment in which organisms live
Question: 1055
Which is a successful experiment ?
Answer: 1055
1055-1097A successful experimentis that which demonstrates one or more alternative hypothesis as incorrect
Question: 1056
Define data ?
Answer: 1056
1056-1097Data can be defined as the information such as names , dates or values made from observations
Question: 1057
Write the role of biological method in biology
Answer: 1057
1057-1097It has played an important part in the scientific research for almost 500 years . From Galileo's experiment in the 1590's to current research the biological method has contributed to the advancements in medicine , ecology , technology etc . It has ensured the quality of data for public use
Question: 1058
Name any four unicellular organisms
Answer: 1058
1058-10971: Amoeba
2:Paramecium
3: Euglena
4: Virus
Question: 1059
Define kingdom:
Answer: 1059
1059-1097All organism are divided into 5 major groups each of which is called kingdom each kingdom is divided into phylum. Kingdom• is largest taxon.
Question: 1060
Define observation
Answer: 1060
1060-1097Opinion which is made with the help of five senses of vision ,hearing ,smell, taste , and touch is called observation
Question: 1061
Define binomial nomenclature.
Answer: 1061
1061-1097Binomial nomenclature is the method of giving scientific names to living organisms. As the word -binomial- suggests. the scientific name of species consists of two names: the first is the genus name and the second one is the name of the species
Question: 1062
Explain with an example that biologists cannot usually check every situation where a hypothesis might apply .
Answer: 1062
1062-1097Biologists cannot usually check every situation where a hypothesis might apply . Let's consider a hypothesis . All plant cells have a nucleus . Biologists cannot examine every living plant and every plant that has ever lived to see if this hypothesis is false , Instead biologists generate deduction using reasoning . From the above hypothesis , a biologists can make the following deduction . If I examine cells from a blade of grass ,then each one will have a nucleus .
Question: 1063
Give two examples of qualitative and two of quantitative observation .
Answer: 1063
1063-1097Qualitative observation :
1:The freezing point of water is colder than the boiling point
2: A liter of water is heavier than a liter of ethanol
Question: 1064
What is the cause of malaria ?
Answer: 1064
1064-1097A tiny creature , plasmodium is the cause of malaria
Question: 1065
Differentiate between theory and law .
Answer: 1065
1065-1097Theory : The hypotheses that stand the test of time (often tested and never rejected ) are called theories
Example: cell theory
Question: 1066
Define variable
Answer: 1066
1066-1097Variable is a factor being tested in and experiment is usually compared to a control group
Question: 1067
What is meaning of malaria ?
Answer: 1067
1067-1097The Italian words 'mala' means bad and 'aria' means air
Question: 1068
Define control group .
Answer: 1068
1068-1097A set up experiment in which no variable is missing and is known measures to which scientists can compare their results
Question: 1069
How does plasmodium enter the body of a mosquito ?
Answer: 1069
1069-1097When a mosquito bites and sucks the blood of malarial patient the plasmodium enter in its body
Question: 1070
Define proportion .
Answer: 1070
1070-1097Proportion means to join two equal ratios by the sign of equality (=) e.g a:b=c:d is a proportion between two ratios
Question: 1071
What is necessary for the formation of a hypothesis ?
Answer: 1071
1071-1097A great deal of careful and creative thinking is necessary for the formulation of a hypothesis
Question: 1072
Define biodiversity hot spot?
Answer: 1072
1072-1097A biodiversity hotspot is a region of high level of established species
Question: 1073
How was plasmodium discovered ?
Answer: 1073
1073-1097In 1878 a French army physician Laveran took small amount of blood from a malarial patient and after examining under microscope , noticed some tiny creatures , which after five years was given a name plasmodium
Question: 1074
What happened when two different but closely related organism do cross breed?
Answer: 1074
1074-1097When two different but closely related organism do cross breed they produced an infertile offspring. Example: A cross between a male donkey and female horse produces an infertile offspring, the mule.
Question: 1075
What is the contribution of A.F.A ,king , to solve biological problem of malaria?
Answer: 1075
1075-1097In 1883, a physician ,A.F.A ,king , made 20 observations , then suggested hypothesis that the 'Mosquitos transmits plasmodium and are involved in spread of malaria
Question: 1076
In which area houbara bustard found?
Answer: 1076
1076-1097It is a large bird (about 60cm long with 140cm wingspan). It is omnivorous and eats seeds.1:-.74 and small animals. Houbara bustards arc migratory birds that fly to Pakistan in winter seam-chollistan and Thar deserts.
Question: 1077
What are the symptoms of malaria ?
Answer: 1077
1077-1097Malaria is diagnosed by having chills and fever with recurring attacks in patient
Question: 1078
What was the opinion of ancient physician about malaria ?
Answer: 1078
1078-1097Physician described it a disease of chills and fevers with recurring attacks . They observed this disease among people living near marshy areas
Question: 1079
Why do only females of anopheles and culex involve in spread of malaria ?
Answer: 1079
1079-1097Female mosquito need the blood of mammals or birds for the maturation of their eggs
Question: 1080
In which major biological problems the knowledge of mathematics is used ?
Answer: 1080
1080-1097The biological problems in which the knowledge of mathematics is used include :
1: Gene finding
2: Protein structure
3: Protein-protein interaction
Question: 1081
What are different formula to organize data?
Answer: 1081
1081-1097Data is organized in different formats like graphics , tables , flower charts , maps and diagrams
Question: 1082
Define law or principle .
Answer: 1082
1082-1097A theory which survives doubtful approaches and continues to be supported by experimental evidence is called law or principle
Question: 1083
What is the difference between the modes of nutrition of fungi and animals?
Answer: 1083
1083-1097Modes of nutrition of fungi :
Fungi are heterotroph absorptive in their Animals live mostly by ingesting food and nutritional mode.
Question: 1084
What is the importance of biodiversity?
Answer: 1084
1084-1097It provides food for humans:
(ii) It provide drugs.
iii) A wide range of industrial materials like gums. resins, building materials etc. (is It maintains composition of atmosphere. water. Nutrients at equilibrium.
Question: 1085
What deduction was made from hypothesis about malaria ?
Answer: 1085
1085-1097Of the plasmodium is the cause of malaria , then all persons ill with malaria should have plasmodium in their blood
Question: 1086
Bark of which tree was found to be excellent treatment of malaria ?
Answer: 1086
1086-1097Cinchona
Question: 1087
Which disease has killed more people than any other disease ?
Answer: 1087
1087-1097Mlaria
Question: 1088
Who proposed the earliest known classification?
Answer: 1088
1088-1097he earliest known system of classification of organisms comes from the Greek philosopher Aristotle, who classified all living organisms known at that time as either in the group 'plants' or in 'animals.'
Question: 1089
Write the characteristics of kingdom Monera?
Answer: 1089
1089-1097It includes the prokaryotic organism in which genetic material is not enclosed in nuclear envelope. These are unicellular, some types form chains, clusters or colonies.
Question: 1090
What are causes of deforestation ?
Answer: 1090
1090-1097(i) Sudden and catastrophic clear cutting for urban development.
(ii) It can be done for agriculture.
(iii) It can be of consequence of grazing animals.
(iv) The race of produce cash through fruits, species, sugar, Tobacco, cloth etc.
Question: 1091
How does a theory a become law of principle ?
Answer: 1091
1091-1097If a theory survives such doubtful approach and continues to be supported by experimental evidence , it becomes a law or principle
Question: 1092
Why we formulate binomial nomenclature?
Answer: 1092
1092-1097We formulate binomial nomenclature because common names cause many problems. Dixie regions have different names for the same organism . For e.g. common name of onion in urdu is piyaz, but in different regions of Pakistan it is also known as "panda" or "basal- or "vassal.. other countries it has other sets of names. In science it is known as with single name as Ala cepa.
Question: 1093
Write distinguished characteristics of kingdom fungi.
Answer: 1093
1093-1097It includes eukaryotic multicellular reducers for example Mushrooms. Fungi ate heterotrophic Organisms that are absorptive on organic material. secrete digestive enzymes anal absorbs small organic molecule formed by the digestion of enzymes,
Question: 1094
Name the three endangered species in Pakistan
Answer: 1094
1094-10971: Indus dolphin
2: Macro polo sheep
Question: 1095
What is the difference between vulnerable and endangered species?
Answer: 1095
1095-1097Vulnerable :A species which is likely to become endangered unless the circumstances improve
Question: 1096
Name national bird and national animal in Pakistan
Answer: 1096
1096-10971: The national bird is Chakor patridge
2: The national animal is Markhor
Question: 1097
What is threatened species?
Answer: 1097
1097-1097A species is called threatened when it is at the risk of extinction in near future.
