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Question: 1
What are substrates?
Answer: 1
1-114The molecules at which enzymes act are called substrates.
Question: 2
Define Inhibitors.
Answer: 2
2-114The substances, which stop or reduce the activity of enzymes are called inhibitors.
Question: 3
What is meant by biocatalyst?
Answer: 3
3-114Enzymes are protein that catalyze biochemical reaction during reaction and speed up reaction.Enzymes are also called biocatalysts.
Question: 4
What is activation energy?
Answer: 4
4-114All chemical reactions require activation energy . It is define das minimum energy required to start a reaction and to right direction.
Question: 5
Define cofactor and coenzyme.
Answer: 5
5-114Cofactors. The none -protein molecules or ions, which are required by enzymes to show full activcity , are called cofactors . Cofactors may be inorganic .
Co-enzymes; If organic co-factors are loosely atttached with enzymes, they are called co-enzymes.
Question: 6
How are enzymes classified?
Answer: 6
6-114Enzymes are usually very specific for the type of reaction and for the nature of the substrates.
Question: 7
What is the main use of enzymes in paper industry?
Answer: 7
7-114Paper industry: Enzyme break starch to lower its viscosity that aids in making paper.
Question: 8
What is food industry ?
Answer: 8
8-114Enzymes that break starch and proteins the product are used by yeast for fermentation.
Question: 9
Who first used the term enzymes?
Answer: 9
9-114In 1878, German physiologist Winhelm Kuhne first used the term enzyme.
Question: 10
Differentiate between anabolism and catabolism
Answer: 10
10-114Anabolism: Anabolism includes the biochemical reactions in which larger molecules are synthesized, Energy is utilized in anabolism.
Example: Photosynthesis
Question: 11
Define active site.
Answer: 11
11-114Only a small portion of enzyme molecules is directly involved in catalysis. This catalytic region is known as active site.
Question: 12
Define protease enzyme ?
Answer: 12
12-114Protease enzyme is specified fro protein substrate. protease enzymes is used in cloth washing detergents to remove protein stains from cloths
Question: 13
What are enzymes?
Answer: 13
13-114Enzymes are proteins that catalyze biochemical reactios and are not changed during the reaction.
Example; Lipase which work on lipids.
Question: 14
What are products.
Answer: 14
14-114The molecules, which are produced after the action of enzymes on substrate molecules are called products.
Question: 15
What is meant by Biocatalyst
Answer: 15
15-114Enzymes are proteins that catalyze biochemical reaction during reaction and speed up reaction Enzymes are also called biocatalysts
Question: 16
Define Activate Energy ?
Answer: 16
16-114It is define as minimum amount of energy required to start a reaction.Enzymes lower the activation energy in several ways. They may alter the shapes of substrate and reduce the requirement of energy for his change.
Question: 17
Define Metabolism.
Answer: 17
17-114The set of biochemical reactions that occur in living organism in order to maintain life is called metabolism
Types: They are two types of metabolism.
anabolism Catabolism
Question: 18
What is lock and key model/
Answer: 18
18-114According to this model, both enzyme nand substrate possess specific shapes that fit exactly into one another. This model explains enzyme specificity.
Question: 19
What are peptide bonds.
Answer: 19
19-114The forces of attraction, which hold amino acids to form proteins, are called peptide bonds.
Question: 20
What is roe of enzymes in paper industry ?
Answer: 20
20-114Enzymes break starch to lower its viscosity that aids in making papers .
Question: 21
What are cofactors
Answer: 21
21-114Some enzymes require non-protein molecules or ions called cofactors
Question: 22
Define activators.
Answer: 22
22-114The substance, which increase or speed up the activity of enzymes are called activators.
Question: 23
Give example of intracellular ?
Answer: 23
23-114Example of intracellular:Enzymes of glycolysis works in the cytoplasm.
Question: 24
What do you know about activesite of enzyme .
Answer: 24
24-114Only a small protein of enzyme molecule is directly involvedin catalysis. This catalytic region is known as active site .
Question: 25
Define Anabolism with example?
Answer: 25
25-114Anabolism is a constructive process. Smaller simple molecules combine together in anabolism to form large, complex molecules. Energy is absorbed in anabolism
Example:Photosynthesis is an anabolic process.
Question: 26
Write two industrial uses of enzyme.
Answer: 26
26-114Food Industry: Enzymes that break starch into simple sugars are used in the production of white bread, buns etc.
Brewing Industry: Enzymes break starch and proteins.The product are used by yeast for fermentation .
Question: 27
In which medium pepsin an trypsin enzymes work ?
Answer: 27
27-114- Pepsin enzyme works in Acidic medium
- Trypsin enzyme works in alkaline medium
Question: 28
In which medium pepsin and trypsin enzymes work
Answer: 28
28-114Pepsin enzyme works in Acidic medium
Trypsin enzyme works in alkaline medium
Question: 29
Define optimum temperature.
Answer: 29
29-114The specific temperature at which an enzyme works at its maximum rate is called as optimum temperature of that enzyme.
Example; The Optimum temperature for the maximum working speed of human enzymes is 37 oC
Question: 30
Define specific enzyme
Answer: 30
30-114Define enzyme:
Enzyme are very specific for the type of reaction and for the nature of their substrates.
Question: 31
Who first used the term enzyme
Answer: 31
31-114In 1878 German Physiologist Winhelm Kuhne first used the term enzyme
Question: 32
Write name of four enzymes ?
Answer: 32
32-114- Amylase
- Lipase
- Protease
- Maltase
Question: 33
Name of the factors affecting the rate of enzyme action.
Answer: 33
33-1141. Temperature 2. pH 3. Substrates concentration
Question: 34
Write two benifits of active site ?
Answer: 34
34-114- Active site recognize the substrate
- It binds with substrate and carrier out reaction
Question: 35
Define Cofactors Also give example
Answer: 35
35-114Some enzymes require non-protein molecules or ions called cofactors
Question: 36
Define Optimum temperature ?
Answer: 36
36-114Enzymes works at its maximum rate at a specific temperature called optimum temperature. the optimum temperature of human enzymes is 37o C.
Question: 37
What is difference between alkaline and acidic medium?
Answer: 37
37-114A solution which has pH 91-60 is acidic medium and one wiht pH 98-14) is alkaline medium.
Question: 38
Name the vitamin which acts as coenzyme.
Answer: 38
38-114Some important vitamins riboflavin, thiamine and folic acid act as co-enzymes.
Question: 39
Define prosthetic group
Answer: 39
39-114If organic cofactor are tightly bound to enzyme they are called prosthetic chin up
Question: 40
Define Anabolism with example
Answer: 40
40-114Anabolism: Anabolism is a constructive process Smaller simples molecules combine together in anabolism to form larger complexes molecules Energy is absorbed in Anabolism
Question: 41
What difference between anabolism and Catabolism
Answer: 41
41-114Anabolism:Anabolism include all those biochemical reaction in which large molecules are formed from smaller molecules
Question: 42
How many enzymes are known?
Answer: 42
42-114There are over 2000 known enzymes, each of which is involved in one specific chemical reaction.
Question: 43
Describe any two properties of enzymes ?
Answer: 43
43-114- Almost all enzymes are proteins i.e they are made up of amino acid
- Most enzymes reaction rates are millions of times fasterthan those of comparable uncatalyzed reaction.
Question: 44
Define substrateand product
Answer: 44
44-114The molecules at which enzymes act are called substrates
Question: 45
How pH effects on enzymes action
Answer: 45
45-114All enzymes work at their maximum rate at a narrow range of Ph, called as the optimum pH A slight change in this ph causes retardation in enzyme activity or blocks it completely Every enzymes has its specfic optimum pH value For example pepsin working in stomach is active intestine shows its activity in alkaline medium high pH Change in pH can effect the ionization of the amino acids at the active site
Question: 46
What is optimum pH?
Answer: 46
46-114A narrow range of pH at which all enzymes work at their maximum rate is called optimum pH.
Question: 47
What is use of enzymes in biological in biological detergents?
Answer: 47
47-114- Protease enzymes are used for the removal of protein stain from clothes
- Amylase enzymes are used in dish washing to remove resistant strach residues
Question: 48
Define enzyme
Answer: 48
48-114Enzyme are protein that catalyze biochemical reaction and are not changed during the reaction.
Question: 49
What is meant by saturation of active sites
Answer: 49
49-114If enzyme molecules are available in a reaction increase in substrate concentration increase the rate of reaction If enzymes concentration is kept constant and amount of substrate is increased a point is reachesd where any further increase in substrate does not increase the rate of reaction any more When the active sites of all enzymes are occupied any more substrate molecules do not find free active sites This state is called saturation of active sites and reaction rate does not increase
Question: 50
What is meant by substrates ?
Answer: 50
50-114The molecule at which enzymes act are called substrates.
Question: 51
What is the function of Amylase and Lipase ?
Answer: 51
51-114Amylase enzymes break starch lipase breaks only lipids.
Question: 52
What is metabolic pathway?
Answer: 52
52-114Several enzymes can work together in an specific order creating metabolic pathway, one enzymes takes the product of another enzymes as a substrate.
Question: 53
What is meant by specification of enzyme ?
Answer: 53
53-114There are over 2000 known enzymes. Each of which is involved in one specific chemical reaction Enzyme are also substrate specific.
Question: 54
Write down to benefits of biocatalysts ?
Answer: 54
54-114- Biocatalysts are protein which speed up biochemical reaction.
- Biocatalysts are protein which do not damage itself during chemical reaction
Question: 55
Define Cofactor?
Answer: 55
55-114Some enzymes do not need any addtional component to work. However, others require non-protein molecules or irons called cofactor
Question: 56
Give example of intracellular and Extracellular Enzyme
Answer: 56
56-114Enzyme can be categorized on the basis of the site where they work
Question: 57
Write note on specification OF ENZYME
Answer: 57
57-114Enzymes are also substrate specific The enzyme protease is used to breaks peptide bonds in proteins and will not work on starch Starch is broken down by an enzyme amylase Lipase enzyme acts only on lipids and digests them into fatty acids and glycerol
Question: 58
Define metabolism . Name its two type.
Answer: 58
58-114The term of metabolism is derived from a Greek word meaning " Change " the concept of metabolism was first given by Ibn-e-Nafees, Who started that the body its parts are always under going change the sum of all bidy chemical reaction that occur in living organism to carry out life activities are called metabolism.
- Anabolism
- Catabolism
Question: 59
What factors affect the rate of enzyme reaction
Answer: 59
59-114Following factors can affect the rate of enzyme activity
Temperature, Ph. Substrate concentration
Question: 60
Name those industrial where enzymes are used ?
Answer: 60
60-114Food Industry , Brewing industry and paper industry.
Question: 61
Who gave the concept of metabolism
Answer: 61
61-114The term metabolism is derivedfrom a Greek word meaning change.
The concept of metabolism was first of all give
Question: 62
Are all biocatalysts protein in nature?
Answer: 62
62-114All biochemical catalysts are not protein, for example some RNA molecules also catalyze reaction.
Question: 63
Write down the name of Enzymes that act on protein and starch
Answer: 63
63-114Starch break by amylase Protein Break by enzyme protease
Question: 64
What is enzyme action ?
Answer: 64
64-114When enzyme attaches with substrate a temporary enzyme-substrate complex is formed is called enzyme action.
Question: 65
Write names of four enzymes
Answer: 65
65-114Amylase, Lipase, Protease, Maltase
Question: 66
What is meant by Co-enzymes ?
Answer: 66
66-114Co-Enzymes:If organic cofactors are loosely attached with enzymes, they are called co-enzymes
Question: 67
What is Denaturation of enzymes ?
Answer: 67
67-114Maximum working speed of human enzyme is at 37 C . When temperature is raised well above the optimum temperature is raised well above the optimum temperature, heat energy increases the vibration of enzymes and the globular structure of enzymes is lost.
Question: 68
How pH effect on enzymes action?
Answer: 68
68-114All enzymes work at their maximum rate at a narrow range of pH, called as the optimum pH .
Question: 69
Define Substrate and Product
Answer: 69
69-114Substrates: The molecules at which enzymes act are called substrate called substrate
Question: 70
Define Cofactor and Co-enzyme
Answer: 70
70-114Cofactor: Some enzymes do not need any additional component to work additional component to work However others require non-protein molecules or ions called cofactors
Question: 71
What factor affect the rate of enzymes reaction ?Write name
Answer: 71
71-114- Temperature
- Substrate concentration
- (pH)
Question: 72
What is meant by saturation of active sites ?
Answer: 72
72-114If enzymes molecules are available in a reaction increases in substance concentration increases the rate of reaction if enzymes concentration is kept constant and amount of substance is increased a point is reached where any further increases in substrate does not increase in substance does not increase the rate of reaction any more.
Question: 73
What is the main use of food industry
Answer: 73
73-114Food industry:
Enzyme that break starchinto simple sugars are used in the production of white bread burns etc.
Question: 74
What is metabolic pathways
Answer: 74
74-114Several enzymes can work together in a specific order creating metabolic pathways In a metabolic pathway one enzyme takes the product of another enzyme as a substrate After the reaction the production is passed on to the nxt enzyme
Question: 75
Explain Activation Energy
Answer: 75
75-114It is defined as minimum amount of energy required to start a reaction Enzymes lower the activation energy in several ways They may alter the shape of substrate and reduce the requirement of energy for this change Some enzymes do so by disrupting the charge distribution on substrates Enzymes may also lower activation energy by bringing substrates in the correct orientation to react
Question: 76
Who put forward the Lock and Key Model?
Answer: 76
76-114Lock and Key Model:
- In order to explain he mechanism of enzymes action a German chemist Emil Fichers, In 1894, proposed lock and key model.
- This model explain enzymes specified
- According to this model, both enzymes and subtracts posses specific shapes that fit exactly into one another.
Question: 77
Write propertiesof enzyme?
Answer: 77
77-1141- Colloidal nature : Advertisements.
2- Substrate specificity
3- Catalytic properties
4- Turn over number 5 Sensitivity
Question: 78
What is substrate ?
Answer: 78
78-114The molecule at which enzymes act are called substrate.
Question: 79
Who give the concept of Metabolism
Answer: 79
79-114The term of metabolism is derived from a Greek word meaning change The concept of metabolism was first given by Ibn-e-Nafees who started that the body and its parts are always undergoing change The sum of all bio chemical reactions that occurs in living organisms to carry out life captivities are called metabolism
Anabolism, Catabolism
Question: 80
Which is called optimum pH?
Answer: 80
80-114Every enzymes works at its maximum rate at a specific pH called as the optimum pH for that enzyme e.g pepsin work maximum at pH of 2.
Question: 81
What is differenceAnabolism
Answer: 81
81-114Anabolism include the biochemical reaction in which longer molecules are synthesized
Question: 82
Differentiate between Protease enzyme
Answer: 82
82-114Protease Enzyme: Protease enzyme is specified for protein substrate
Protease enzyme is used in cloth washing detergents to remove protein stains from clothes
Question: 83
Write down the name of Enzymes that act on protein and starch ?
Answer: 83
83-114Starch and break , by amylase. protein break b enzymes protease .
Question: 84
Describe any two properties of enzyme
Answer: 84
84-114Almost all enzymes are proteins i.e they are made up of amino acids
Most enzyme reaction rates are millions of times faster than those of comparable uncatalyzed reactions As with all catalysts, enzymes are not consumed by the reactions they catalyze
Question: 85
Describe the effect of temperature on speed
Answer: 85
85-114Increase in temperature speeds up the rate of enzyme catalyzed reaction but only to a paint .
Question: 86
write points of Amylase Enzymes ?
Answer: 86
86-114- Amylase enzyme is specified for starch substrate
- Amylase enzymes is used in dish washing detergent to remove resistant resiude of starch.
Question: 87
What is meant by Optimum temperature
Answer: 87
87-114Enzymes works at its maximum rate at a specific temperature called optimum temperature The optimum temperature of Human enzymes is 37C
Question: 88
Define about lock and key model of enzyme ?
Answer: 88
88-114In order to explain the mechanism of enzyme action aGerman chemist Email fisher. . In 1894 proposed lock and key model.
Question: 89
Write names of important vitamins those acts as Co-enzymes
Answer: 89
89-114Co-enzyme If organic cofactors are loosely attached with enzyme they are called coenzymes
Riboflavin, Thiamine, Folic acid
Question: 90
Define metabolism
Answer: 90
90-114Metabolism is the set of biochemical reaction that biochemical reaction that occur in living organisms in order to maintain life.
Question: 91
What is difference between Anabolism and Catabolism
Answer: 91
91-114Anabolism Anabolism include all those biochemical reaction in which larger molecules are formed from smaller molecules
Question: 92
What is meant by Action site
Answer: 92
92-114Active Sit: During catalysis, only a small portion of enzyme smolecule is directly involve in the chemical reaction and this catalytic region is known as active sites
Question: 93
Difference between protease enzyme and Amylase anzyme ?
Answer: 93
93-114Protease enzyme:
Protease enzyme are used for the removal of protein stains from clothes
Question: 94
Are all Biocatalysts protein in nature
Answer: 94
94-114All biochemical catalysts are not proteins for example some RNA molecules also catalyze reactions
Question: 95
What is role of enzyme in paper industry
Answer: 95
95-114Enzyme breakstarch to lower its viscosity that aids in making paper
Question: 96
Who first used the term enzyme?
Answer: 96
96-114Enzyme that break starchinto simple sugars are used in the production of white bread bins etc.
Question: 97
Write down to benefits of Biocatalysts
Answer: 97
97-114Biocatalysts are proteins which speed up catalyze biochemical reactions
Biocatalysts are proteins which do not damage itself during chemical reaction
Question: 98
Define Prosthetic group and Co-enzyme
Answer: 98
98-114Prosthetic Group: If organic cofactors are tightly bound to enzyme they are called prosthetic groups
Question: 99
Difference between Extracellular and intracellular enzymes?
Answer: 99
99-114Intracellular :
Enzymes of glycolysisworking in the cytoplasm
Question: 100
Which is called optimum ph
Answer: 100
100-114Every enzyme works at its maximum rate at a specific ph called as the optimum pH for that enzyme e.g pepsin work maximum at pH to 2
Question: 101
What is use of enzymes in biological
Answer: 101
101-114Protease enzymes are used for the removal of protein stains from clothes
Amylase enzymes are used in dish washing to remove resistant starch residues
Question: 102
Write down benefits of Biolotalysts?
Answer: 102
102-114Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they act as bio catalystsand speed up and regulate metabolicpathway.
Question: 103
Write down the name of industries where enzyme
Answer: 103
103-114Paper enzyme:Enzyme break starch to lower its viscosity that aids is making paper
Question: 104
What is the function of Amylase and Lipase
Answer: 104
104-114Amylase enzymes breaks starch Lipase breaks only Lipids
Question: 105
Write and explain the equation for the mechanism of exzyme action
Answer: 105
105-114Enzyme action: When enzyme attaches with substrate a temporary enzyme substrate ES complex is formed Enzyme catalyzes the reaction and substrate is transformed into products After it the ES complex breaks and enzyme and products are released
Question: 106
What id optimum temperature ?
Answer: 106
106-114The optimum temperature for the maximum working speed of human enzymes is 37.c
Question: 107
What is difference between substrate and active site
Answer: 107
107-114Substrate: The molecule at which enzymes act are called substrate Enzymes converts the substrate into different
Question: 108
What is Denaturation of enzyme
Answer: 108
108-114Maximum working speed of human enzyme is at When temperature is raised well above the optimum temperature heat enery increases the vibrations of enzyme and the globular structure of envy me is lost It slows the activity of enzyme and it may be blocked completely Due to denaturation of enzyme
Question: 109
What is calledoptimumPh ?
Answer: 109
109-114All enzyme work at their maximum rate at narrow range of PH called as optimum
Question: 110
Who put forward the Lock and Key Model
Answer: 110
110-114Lock and key Model: In order to explain the mechanism of enzyme action a German chemist Emil Fischer in 1894 proposed lock and key model
According to this model, both enzyme and substrate posses specific shapes that fit exactly into one another This model explain enzyme specificity
Question: 111
How is the activity of an enzyme effected
Answer: 111
111-114Enzymes may also lower activation energy by bringing substrate in the correct orientation to react.
Question: 112
Define coenzyme name vitaminwhich act as
Answer: 112
112-114If organic cofactor are looslyattached with enzyme they are called coenzyme
Question: 113
Define induced fit model
Answer: 113
113-114Induced fit model: In 1958, an American biologist Daniel Kushan suggested a modification to lock and key model and proposed induced fit model
Induced fit model is more acceptable than lock and key model of enzyme action
According to this model active site is not a rigid structure rather it is molded into the required shape to perform its function
In this model Daniel Koshland suggested that Enzymes are flexible particles and when their active sites bind with substrate they change their shapes
Question: 114
Define inhibitor?
Answer: 114
114-114Enzyme production can be enhanced or diminishedby a cell according to need. Enzyme activity can also be regulated by inhibitor.
