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Question: 1
Define Nutation.
Answer: 1
1-50Zigzag movement of growing tips of vines along an object is called nutation.For example growing tip of climbing plants or vines show nutation.
Question: 2
Define secondary growth,give its significance.
Answer: 2
2-50Secondary growth means increase in girth of root or stem(plant).
Significance: it form secondary xylem which act as wood.
Growth rings are formed which are helpful in calculating plant age.
Question: 3
What are nastic movement?
Answer: 3
3-50These are non directional movement of parts of plant in response to external stimuli.
Question: 4
What is turgor pressure?
Answer: 4
4-50When water enters the cell of plant it reaches in the vacuole and it exerts pressure on the wall of the cell which is called turgor pressure.
Question: 5
Define geotropism.
Answer: 5
5-50Response of plant parts to the gravity is called geotropism.Roots show positive geotropism and stem shows negative geotropism.
Question: 6
Write down the mechanism of rapid movements of leaflets.
Answer: 6
6-50When Mimosa (Touch me not) leaf is touched, it rapidly loss its turgor pressure due to exosmosis which results in closing of leaves.K+ Ions also play role in this movement.
Question: 7
Which tissues arise from vascular cambium?
Answer: 7
7-50Secondary xylem, secondary phloem (wood),bark
Question: 8
Define collenchyma cells.
Answer: 8
8-50Collenchyma cells have protoplast and lack secondary wall.They have angular thickening in their inner walls.They are living cells and give support to plant cells.
Question: 9
Explain the term epinasty and hyponasty.
Answer: 9
9-50Epinasty: is show by leaves, petals etc.the upper surface of leaf in bud condition shows more growth as compared with lower surface.This leads to opening of buds.
Hyponasty: If growth in the lower surface of the leaf in bud condition is more than that of upper surface then buds remain close and it is called hyponasty.
Question: 10
What is pulvinus.
Answer: 10
10-50These are the parenchymatous cell which are present at the base of petiole of some plants.They store water and play role in the opening and closing of leaves changing their turgor pressure.
Question: 11
Differentiate between phototactic and phototropic movement.
Answer: 11
11-50Phototactic is a type of tactic movement in which movement occurs in response of light stimulus.
Question: 12
What are disadvantages of exoskeleton?
Answer: 12
12-50Disadvantages of exoskeleton are.
- It restrict the growth of animal.
- It is nonliving.it has to be shed periodically and new skeleton should be made.
Question: 13
Define phototactic movement and photonastic movement.
Answer: 13
13-50Phototactic Movement: is a types of tactic movement in which movement occur in response to light stimulus.
Photonastic Movements:that in which photoperiod is critical in opening and closing of flowers.
Question: 14
Give two modifications in the exoskeleton of arthropods.
Answer: 14
14-50Modification of exoskeleton in arthropods is as follow
Formation of sensilla (bristle), lenses and modification for gaseous exchange.
Question: 15
Name the bones of pelvis Girdle.
Answer: 15
15-50Ilium,Ischium and pubis.
Question: 16
Compare epicuticle and procuticle.
Answer: 16
16-50Epicuticle: is the outer most layers.It is made up of waxy lipoprotein, so it is impermeable to water and serves as a barrier to microorganisms and insects.
Question: 17
Name bones of human pectoral girdle.
Answer: 17
17-50Scapula, supra scapula and clavicle.
Question: 18
Differentiate between exoskeleton and endoskeleton.
Answer: 18
18-50Endoskeleton: is advance form of skeleton.It is living skeleton and cause swift movement of animal with the help of muscles.It lies inside the body of animal.
Question: 19
Define tactic movements.Give its one type.
Answer: 19
19-50The movement of entire organism or cell ie,.locomotive due to external stimulus is called tactic movement.
Question: 20
Give any two major functions of skeletal system in animals.
Answer: 20
20-50It provides support and movement to the animal body.
Question: 21
Give classification of vertebral column.
Answer: 21
21-50Vertebral column has been divided into four regions cervical regions has seven vertebrae, thoracic region has 12 vertebrae, lumber region hasnine vertebrae,pelvic region has two sets, sacrum and coccyx.Sacrum has five anterior fused vertebrae while coccyx has four posterior fused vertebrae.
Question: 22
Name any two parts of hind limb.
Answer: 22
22-50Ilium and ischium.
Question: 23
Write the name of two bones of cranium.
Answer: 23
23-50Bones of cranium include parietal and temporal bones.
Question: 24
Name the unpaired cranial bones.
Answer: 24
24-50Ethmoid, frontal, occipital and sphenoid are unpaired cranial bones.
Question: 25
Name unpaired facial bones.
Answer: 25
25-50Mendible and vomer are unpaired facial bones.
Question: 26
Described pelvic and pectoral girdle in human skeleton.
Answer: 26
26-50Pelvic girdle attaches the hind limbs to the vertebral column.it consists of two coxal bones.Each of which is formed by the fusion of three bones ilium,ischium and pubic.Pectoral girdle comprises scapula, supra scapula and clavicle.Clavicle connects scapula with sternum.
Question: 27
State hematoma formation briefly.
Answer: 27
27-50When bone breaks, bleeding occur and as a result haematoma formation occurs.Soon after bone cells deprived of food begin to die and the tissue at the fracture site becomes swollen and hence painful.
Question: 28
What are the causes of herniation? Discuss.
Answer: 28
28-50Sever or sudden physical trauma to spines may result in herniation.The herniated disc usually involves the rupture of annulus fibrosus followed by protrusion of the spongy nucleus pulposus.
Question: 29
What is rigor mortis?
Answer: 29
29-50After the death of a person, the ATP are reduced and cross bridges are not broken and muscles become stiff, this condition is known as rigor mortis.
Question: 30
Explain the ball and socket joints and give an example.
Answer: 30
30-50Joints which can move or rotate in more than one plane are called ball and socket joints like shoulder and hip joint.
Question: 31
Name two paired facial bones.
Answer: 31
31-50The two paired facial bone are temporal and parietal bones.
Question: 32
Name different bones of Hind Limb.
Answer: 32
32-50Bones of hind limb are femur, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges.
Question: 33
How the muscle fatigue is resulted?
Answer: 33
33-50When we do hard exercise, an aerobic respiration starts in the muscle and lactic acid is accumulated which results muscles fatigue.
Question: 34
What do you know about rickets?
Answer: 34
34-50It is a disease of children with bowed bones of legs and deformed pelvis.It is caused by calcium deficiency in diet or deficiency of vitamin-D.it is treated by vitamin-D' fortified milk and exposing skin to sunlight to cure disorder.
Question: 35
Give symptoms and causes of sciatica.
Answer: 35
35-50It is characterized by stabbing pain radiating over the course of sciatic nerve.It is caused due to injury of proximal sciatic nerve,which might follow a fall,a herniated disc or improper administration of an injection in to the buttock.
Question: 36
Define aerofoils.
Answer: 36
36-50An aerofoil is any smooth surface which moves through the air at an angle to the air stream for example wing of a bird act as aerofoil.
Question: 37
What are the characteristics of smooth muscles?
Answer: 37
37-50Smooth muscle are non striated and involuntary as well as unbranched.They produces movement in body on concentration.
Question: 38
Characterize digitigrades animals.
Answer: 38
38-50Animals which walk on the tips of their digits only are called digitigrades.They run faster than plantigrade animals.In these animals first digit usually reduces or completely lost as in rabbit, rodents.
Question: 39
What is callus and its role?
Answer: 39
39-50Callus is a mass of undifferentiated cells.It heals the wound of plant.
Question: 40
What is caused and symptoms of Rickets?
Answer: 40
40-50Rickets is caused by deficiency of calcium or vitamin D in diet.Its symptoms include children with bowed legs and deformed pelvis.
Question: 41
What is foramen triosseum?How it is formed?
Answer: 41
41-50In birds the lifting action is possible because the tendon of the supra coracoid muscles pass through an opening called foramen triosseum formed between the scapula coracoid and clavicle bones is attached to the upper surface of the humerus.
Question: 42
Define tonoplast,give its function as well.
Answer: 42
42-50The wall of vacuole is called tonoplast, it is single membrane.It maintains the turgor pressure and solute concentration.
Question: 43
Give two roles of vascular cambium.
Answer: 43
43-50Vascular cambium performs secondary growth of plant.Secondary xylem is produced which act as wood and also give support to plant.It also produces annual rings by which we can calculate age of plant.
Question: 44
Characterize collenchyma cells.
Answer: 44
44-50Collenchyma are living cells which lack secondary wall with angular thickenings.It provides support to the young plants.
Question: 45
Write a brief note on tetany.
Answer: 45
45-50It a disease caused by low calcium level in blood.It increases the excitability of neurons and results in loss of sensation,Muscle twitch and convolutions occur.if untreated the system progresses to spasm of larynx,respiratory paralysis and resulting death.
Question: 46
Define Plantigrades with example.
Answer: 46
46-50Animals which walk on the sole.When they walk their sole and toes touch the ground are called plantigrades. E.g., human, bear and monkey.
Question: 47
Give the name of hormones which are involved in epinasty and hyponasty.
Answer: 47
47-50Epinasty is due to auxins and hyponasty is due to gibberellins.
Question: 48
Give two character of smooth muscles.
Answer: 48
48-50Smooth muscles are long & spindle shape with each containing a single nucleus. It has no striations.
Question: 49
Give two difference between animals and plants movements.
Answer: 49
49-50Pants show movement but remain fixed at their position.Their movement is shown but change in their growth.Animals show their movement by changing their position;their movement does not involve any growth.
Question: 50
Define turgor and osmotic pressure.
Answer: 50
50-50Turgor pressure is pressure exerted by the water on the walls of the vacuole while the osmotic pressure due to presence of solute in the water.It is also called solute potential.