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Question: 1
What do you known about the term Ecosystem?
Answer: 1
1-47The eco part of the word is related to environment and system mean collection of related parts,which function as a unit.
It is a complex system in which living things interact with their environment.
It is a complex system in which living things interact with their environment.
Question: 2
Give the role of decomposers in an ecosystem.
Answer: 2
2-47Decomposers are the organisms which decompose the dead bodies are called decomposers;they recycle the nutrients and make them available for plant growth.
Question: 3
Define humus.
Answer: 3
3-47Humus is the decomposed organic matter formed by decomposers after the decomposition of dead bodies.
Question: 4
Define food chain and food web only.
Answer: 4
4-47Process of eating and being eaten is called food chain.
Question: 5
Define pioneers and climax community.
Answer: 5
5-47Pioneers: The plants which first of all colonize on a bare land and start the process of succession are called pioneers.They are hardly invaders.
Question: 6
Compare population and community and give their example.
Answer: 6
6-47Population: Members of the same species living in same area at same time is called population
Question: 7
What are lichens and mycorrhiza?
Answer: 7
7-47Mycorrhiza:It is symbiotic between the roots of higher plants and hyphae of the fungi is called mycorrhiza. Fungus provides nutrient to the plant and in turn it self get carbohydrates from the plant.
Question: 8
How community is different from population.
Answer: 8
8-47Community:When different populations living together in an area is called community.
Question: 9
Name three levels of integration in community.
Answer: 9
9-47Three levels of community integration are
Question: 10
What are biotic components of an ecosystem?
Answer: 10
10-47Living components of ecosystem are called biotic components,this include producers,consumers and decomposers.
Question: 11
Explain Niche.
Answer: 11
11-47The role or profession of a species in an ecosystem is called niche.
Question: 12
Compare autoecology with synecology. Or Differentiate between autecology and synecology.
Answer: 12
12-47Autecology: Study of single population in relation to environment is called autecology.
Question: 13
Differentiate between habitat and niche.
Answer: 13
13-47Habitat: Habitat is the place where an organism lives or home of the species is called habitat.
Question: 14
What is biosphere?
Answer: 14
14-47The living part of the earth is called biosphere.Or it is a thin layer of earth in which all living organism live.
Question: 15
Define foliose lichens with one example. OR What is foliose lichen stage?Give an example.
Answer: 15
15-47In this stage the lichens are just crumpled leaves attached at one point.It produces shade to the crustose lichens as a result of which their growth is reduced.Examples are Dermatocarpon,Permellia.
Question: 16
Differentiate between ectoparasites and endoparasites.
Answer: 16
16-47Ectoparasite: Parasite which lives on outer surface of the body is called ectoparasite like lice,ticks and mites.
Question: 17
Differentiate between pioneer and climax community.
Answer: 17
17-47Pioneer: The first plant which colonizes on a bare land that starts the process of succession are called pioneers.
Question: 18
Define Succession.Name its types.
Answer: 18
18-47Succession is a sequence of changes in the community structure of an ecosystem over a period of time.In each case succession is initiated by a few hardy invaders called pioneers ant ends with a diverse and relatively stable climax community.e.g succession start on a bare rock in known as xerosere.
Question: 19
What is infestation?
Answer: 19
19-47Infection caused by the parasites is called infestation or mode of transmission of parasite into host is called infestation.
Question: 20
What do you understand by term trophic level?
Answer: 20
20-47The level in food chain at which organism feed is called trophic level.There are various trophic levels in the ecosystem e.g producers make first trophic level,herbivores occupy second trophic level and so on.
Question: 21
How does over grazing affect a grass land ecosystem?
Answer: 21
21-47Due to ever grazing the productivity of the grass land is affected.If too much animals graze then grass will hardly regrow.Secondly the hooves of the grazing animals will trample the soil in to hard layer as a result of which rain water will not penetrate this soil.The final result of over grazing is barren land.
Question: 22
What is mycorrhiza?
Answer: 22
22-47It is a symbiotic association between the roots of higher plants and hyphae of the fungi is called mycorrhiza. Fungus provides nutrient to the plant and in turn it self get carbohydrates from the plant.
Question: 23
Differentiate between food chain food web.
Answer: 23
23-47Food Chain: Process of eating and being eaten is called food chain.
Question: 24
Define grazing.
Answer: 24
24-47Many animals like rabbits,goats,sheeps,cows,buffaloes and horses feed on grasses.This mode of feeding is called grazing and these animals are called grazers.
Question: 25
Differentiate between predation and parasitism.
Answer: 25
25-47Predation: Relation between prey and predator is called predation. prey is captured,killed and eaten by the predator.
Question: 26
Define xerosere. Give flow chart of its stages.
Answer: 26
26-47Process of succession on bare rock is called xerosere.
Question: 27
Define ammonification assimilation.
Answer: 27
27-47Ammonification: The formation of ammonia by ammonifying bacteria during nitrogen cycle is called ammonification.
Question: 28
Write few lines on crustose lichens.
Answer: 28
28-47Crustose refers to land lifeless structure,any external protective layer surface on the rock,special types of lichens get impregnated in the form of crust.They live in extreme conditions,sometimes their surface is wet due to rain and dew drops.They absord water during the dry season.They are quiescent or dormant,Normally desiccated during dry season.
Question: 29
Define lichens. Or What are lichens?
Answer: 29
29-47Lichens:It is the association between algae and fungi.Fungi give protection to algae from dessication while algae perform photosynthesis and provide nutrition to algae.
Question: 30
What is parasitism?
Answer: 30
30-47Process in which a parasite lives in living organisms and cause some harm to its host is called parasitism or relationship between host and parasite is called parasitism.
Question: 31
What is climax forest?
Answer: 31
31-47It is the last stage of the xerosere succession.At this stage woody plants dominate and this stage in succession remains essentially the same if nothing changes in the environment to upset the balance.
Question: 32
Sketch food chain to show various trophic levels
Answer: 32
32-47Grass>Deer>Lion>Vulture>Decomposer
Question: 33
What is symbiosis?Give one example.
Answer: 33
33-47This is a beneficial association between two organism,which brings benefit to both the organisms.For example relation between algae and fungi to form lichens.Algae make food and also give it to fungi while fungi give protection to algae in return.
Question: 34
Differentiate between Hydrosere and Xerosere.
Answer: 34
34-47Hydrosere: When process of succession occur on aquatic place it is called hydrosere.
Question: 35
What is the effect of moderate grazing on grassland?
Answer: 35
35-47Moderate grazing is very helpful in maintain the grass land ecosystem.It destroy the competitors and help the grass to grow well.
Question: 36
Define secondary succession.
Answer: 36
36-47Secondary succession is the process which starts on a place where life exists but due to some reasons it is destroyed is called secondary succession.
Question: 37
Define food web,give its significance.
Answer: 37
37-47Food Web: All the food chains interconnected or linked together to form food web.
Question: 38
Define mutualism. Give example.
Answer: 38
38-47It is an association in which both members and partners get benefit from each other is called mutualism. For Example: Mycorrhiza. It is an symbiotic association between the roots of higher plants and hyphae of the fungi is called mycorrhiza. Fungus provides nutrient to the plant and in turn itself get carbohydrates from the plant
Question: 39
Differentiate between secondary and primary succession.
Answer: 39
39-47Primary succession: Primary succession is the process of succession which starts on a bare rock or dry place where no life exists earlier is called primary succession.
Question: 40
What are root nodules?Give their importance.
Answer: 40
40-47Root nodules are present in leguminous plants which contains bacteria.Importance is that these nodules contain nitrogen fixing bacteria which fix the nitrogen and supply it to the plant and play an important role in plant growth.
Question: 41
Differentiate between mutualism and commensalism.
Answer: 41
41-47Mutualism: Mutualism is the symbiotic relationship in which both the partner get benefit from each other is called mutualism.
For example: mycorrhiza and lichens.
For example: mycorrhiza and lichens.
Question: 42
Differentiate between predator and prey.
Answer: 42
42-47Predator: Predator which catches and kills;the other organism and use it as food is called predator.It is usually a hunter and carnivore like lion,cat dog etc.
Question: 43
Differentiate between macro nutrients and micro nutrients.
Answer: 43
43-47Macro nutrients: Macrnutirents are those which required by the organism in large amount are called macronutrients like water,carbon,hydrogen,oxygen.
Question: 44
What is parasitism?Give its kind.
Answer: 44
44-47Process in which a parasite lives in living organisms and cause some harm to its host is called parasitism or relationship between host and parasite is called parasitism.
Question: 45
What are biogeochemical cycles?Give an example.
Answer: 45
45-47Circular movement or recycling of the elements between the organism and the environment is called biogeochemical cycle.
Question: 46
What is commensalism?Give an example. Or Define commensalism.
Answer: 46
46-47In this type of relationship only one organism get benefit from the relationship.The other is not affected at all.For example,Sharks may have small fish called remoras pick the scraps.The remoras get benefit from this relationship the shark is not affected at all.
Question: 47
How moderate grazing is helpful for ecosystem.
Answer: 47
47-47Moderate grazing is very helpful to maintain grass land ecosystem.It destroys the competitors and help the grasses to grow well.Over grazing may leads to desert.
