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Question: 1
Define genomic library.
Answer: 1
1-62A genomic library is a collection of bacterial or bacteriophage clones,each clone containing a particular segment of DNA from the source cell.
Question: 2
Write down two methods for solving disputed paternity.
Answer: 2
2-62Two methods for solving disputed paternity is as follows:
Question: 3
Name the salt tolerant plants and give its role in future.
Answer: 3
3-62Arabidopsis is salt tolerant plant.The cultivation of this plant at saline soil will reclaim the soil conditions.The acrage of the crop in a field will be increased in this way.
Question: 4
What is recombinant DNA technology?
Answer: 4
4-62It is a technique by which DNA of one organism can be transferred to another organisms and recombinant DNA is made.
Question: 5
Define biotechnology.What are transgenic organisms?
Answer: 5
5-62It deals with use of living organisms,system or processes in manufacturing and service industries.
Transgenic organisms: The organisms having foreign DNA inserted in to them are called transgenic organisms
Transgenic organisms: The organisms having foreign DNA inserted in to them are called transgenic organisms
Question: 6
What are palindromic sequences? OR Define palindromic sequence.
Answer: 6
6-62Restriction enzymes cut the DNA at very specific sites characterized by specific sequence of four or six nucleotides arranged symmetrically in the reverse order.Such sequences are known as palindromic sequences.
Question: 7
Define genomic library.
Answer: 7
7-62A genomic library is a collection of bacterial or bacteriophage clones,each clone containing a particular segment of DNA from the source cell.
Question: 8
How gene therapy is carried out?
Answer: 8
8-62Gene therapy is the addition of new genes to a patient's cells to replace missing or malfunctioning genes.Researches typically do this using a virus to carry the genetic cargo into cells,because that's what viruses evolved to do with their own genetic material.
Question: 9
What is recombinant DNA?
Answer: 9
9-62When DNA of two different organisms is combined it is called recombinant DNA or when the two different DNA are joined together it is called recombinant DNA/chimeric DNA.
Question: 10
What is Genome?.
Answer: 10
10-62A complete set of chromosomes which is haploid in number is called genome or a full set of genes of an individual is called genome.
Question: 11
Write two application of polymerase chain reactions.
Answer: 11
11-62Two applications of polymerase chain reactions are as follows:
Question: 12
Define gene therapy.Name two main methods of gene therapy.
Answer: 12
12-62Gene therapy is the insertion of genetic material into human cells for the treatment of a disorder.It includes procedures that give a patient healthy genes to make up for faulty genes and also includes the use of gene to treat various other human illnesses such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases.
Question: 13
What are transgenic organisms?
Answer: 13
13-62Organisms having foreign DNA or gene in addition to its own DNA are called transgenic organisms.
Question: 14
What steps are involved to produce recombinant DNA?
Answer: 14
14-62Steps of recombinant DNA technology are
Question: 15
Write the way by which bacterial cells become permeable of plasmid.
Answer: 15
15-62Calcium chloride is used to increase the permeability of bacterial cell for plasmid.
Question: 16
What is DNA finger printing?Give its uses.
Answer: 16
16-62It is a technique in which entire genome of an individual can be subjected to DNA analysis by gel electrophrasis.
It can be used to identify the culprits.Problems of disputed parenthood can be solved by this method.
It can be used to identify the culprits.Problems of disputed parenthood can be solved by this method.
Question: 17
Give any two uses of PCR amplifications and analysis.
Answer: 17
17-62It can be used to diagnose viral infection,genetic disorder and cancer.
Question: 18
Define plasmid.Give its uses.
Answer: 18
18-62Plasmid are natural extra chromosomal circular DNA molecules which carry genes for antibiotic resistance and fertility etc.
plamids are used as vector to insert desire gene into bacterial or host cell.
plamids are used as vector to insert desire gene into bacterial or host cell.
Question: 19
Give three possible ways to get the gene of interest.Write three methods to get gene of interest.
Answer: 19
19-62Gene of interest can be obtained by following methods
Question: 20
Define biotechnology.Name two biotechnology products.
Answer: 20
20-62It is a technology in which chemical processes of living organisms can be used for the welfare or mankind.Its products are lnsulin,Growth homones
Question: 21
Write two uses of PCR.
Answer: 21
21-62i. It is used to make or clone of a gene
ii. PCR used for the purpose for diagnosis and monitoring of genetic diseases.
ii. PCR used for the purpose for diagnosis and monitoring of genetic diseases.
Question: 22
What are palindromic sequences?Give their significance.
Answer: 22
22-62Nucleotide sequence that is identical to its complementary strand when each is read in the same chemical direction of example GATC
Significance of palindromic is that it help us to extract patterns in genomic sequence.
Significance of palindromic is that it help us to extract patterns in genomic sequence.
Question: 23
What are restriction enzymes?Give an example
Answer: 23
23-62The restriction enzymes cut down the viral DNA,but does not harm to the bacterial cell.They are called restriction enzymes because they restrict the growth of virus. ECORI is commonly used restriction enzyme.
Question: 24
Elaborate molecular carriers.Give example.
Answer: 24
24-62Bacterial plasmids are called molecular carriers because they carry the gene of interest to the host cell.
Question: 25
Give briefly the application of PCR amplification and analysis.
Answer: 25
25-62Application of PCR amplification and analysis are
Question: 26
What do you know about recombinant DNA technology?
Answer: 26
26-62In DNA recombinant technology the DNA of one organism can be entered in to another organism.Thus recombinant DNA technology can be used to make many biotechnology products and can be used for the treatment of many genetic diseases and to improve the traits of many plant and animal species.
Question: 27
Define genomic library,how it can be made?
Answer: 27
27-62A genomic library is a collection of bacterial or bacteriophage clones,each containing a particular segment of DNA from the source cell.
For making genomic library,an organism's DNA is simply sliced up into pieces and pieces are put in to vectors that are taken up by the host bacteria.The entire collection of bacterial or bacteriophage clones that result contains all the genes of that organisms.
For making genomic library,an organism's DNA is simply sliced up into pieces and pieces are put in to vectors that are taken up by the host bacteria.The entire collection of bacterial or bacteriophage clones that result contains all the genes of that organisms.
Question: 28
What are cumulus cells?
Answer: 28
28-62Cumulus cells are those cells which attached or cling to an egg after ovulation.
Question: 29
Give difference between ex vivo and in vivo gene therapy.
Answer: 29
29-62Ex vivo: In ex vivo gene therapy bone marrow stem cells are removed from the body,healthy gene is inserted in them and they again introduced in the body.
Question: 30
How a certain gene can be searched present in a genomic library?
Answer: 30
30-62A particular probe can be used to search particular sequence of gene in the genomic library.A probe is a single stranded nucleotide sequence that will hybridize into a certain piece of DNA.Location of the probe is possible because probe either is radioactive or fluorescent.
Question: 31
What is Probe?Give its one use.Or What is probe?How is it traced?
Answer: 31
31-62A probe is a single stranded nucleotide sequence that will hybridize in to a certain piece of DNA.Position of probe is possible because the probe is either radioactive fluorescent.
Question: 32
Why urine is preferable vehicle for biotechnology product?
Answer: 32
32-62Urine is preferable vehicle for biotechnology products because all the animals in the herd urinate-while only female produce milk.Animals start urinate at birth-females do not produce milk until maturity and it is easier to extract protein from urine than milk.
Question: 33
What is gel electrophoresis? Or Define gel electrophoresis.
Answer: 33
33-62It is a process by which fragments of DNA can be separated according to their lengths or size and the result is a number of bands that are so close together that they appear as a smear.
Question: 34
What is taq polymerase and its significance?
Answer: 34
34-62Taq polymerase is an enzyme which is used in PCR. Its significance is that it can withstand with high temperature.
Question: 35
Differentiate between genome and probe.
Answer: 35
35-62Genome:A complete set of chromosomes which is haploid in number is called genome or a full set of genes of an individual is called genome
Question: 36
How transgenic animals are developed?
Answer: 36
36-62It is possible to micro inject foreign genes into egg by hand,but another method uses vortex mixing.The egg are placed in an agitator with DNA and silicon-carbide needles,and the needles make tiny holes through which the DNA can enter.When these eggs are fertilized the resulting offspring are transgenic.
Question: 37
Explain the importance of gene sequencing.
Answer: 37
37-62i.Human pathogens can be sequenced
ii.Disputed parentage can be settled
iii.Suspected culprits can be identified
ii.Disputed parentage can be settled
iii.Suspected culprits can be identified
Question: 38
Name salt tolerant plant.
Answer: 38
38-62Rice and sugar cene are salt tolerance crops.
Question: 39
Give two goals of human genome project. Or What are two goals of human genome project?
Answer: 39
39-62The two main goals of human genome project are
Question: 40
What is polymerase chain reaction?
Answer: 40
40-62It is a process by which millions of copies of a single gene or any specific part of DNA can be made quickly in test tube. PCR is very specific and targeted DNA Sequence can be less then one part in a million of the total DNA sample.
Question: 41
What are restriction enzymes?Who first isolated them?
Answer: 41
41-62These are natural enzymes of bacteria which they use for their own protection against viruses. The restriction viruses cut down the viral DNA,but does not harm to the bacterial chromosome.In 1970,Hamilton'O smith isolated the first restriction enzyme.
Question: 42
Differentiate between Sanger's method and Maxam-Gilbert method of gene sequencing.
Answer: 42
42-62Sanger's method: In Sanger's method dideoxyribo nucleoside triphosphates are used to terminate DNA synthesis at different sites.
Question: 43
Write down two different methods in gene sequencing for generation of DNA fragments.
Answer: 43
43-62Gene sequencing can be done by
Question: 44
What is cystic frbrosis?
Answer: 44
44-62In cystic fibrosis patient lack a gene that codes for transmembrane carrier of the chloride ions.Patient often die due to numerous infections of the respiratory tract.
Question: 45
What Gottlieb Haberlandt said that plan cells are totiopotent?
Answer: 45
45-62He said that plant cells are totiopotent means each plant cell has full genetic potential of the organism-and therefore a single cell could grew a complete plant.
Question: 46
What is aspartame?
Answer: 46
46-62Aspartame is a dipeptide sweetner better known as nutrasweet.
Question: 47
Name fire fly enzyme and give its role.
Answer: 47
47-62Luciferase is the fire fly enzyme it oxidize the luciferin protein and light is produced.
Question: 48
Write down the treatment of cancer through gene therapy.
Answer: 48
48-62In cancer gene therapy patient is given genes which make either healthy cell more tolerant to chemotherapy or male tumor more vulnerable to it.Once the bone marrow stem cells were protected it was possible to increase the level of chemotherapy to kill the cancer cells
Question: 49
How cancer patient are being treated by gene therapy?
Answer: 49
49-62Gene therapy is also being done to cancer patient,which make them more tolerant of chemotherapy.In clinical trials researchers have given genes to cancer patient that either make healthy cells more tolerant of chemotherapy or make tumors more vulnerable to it.Once the bone marrow stem cells were protected it was possible to increase the level of chemotherapy to kill the cancer cells.
Question: 50
What are bioreactors?
Answer: 50
50-62Recombinant DNA technology is used to produce bacteria that reproduce in large vats (tanks) called bioreactors.
Question: 51
What is gene therapy?
Answer: 51
51-62It is a technique in which defective gene is removed from the body and healthy genes are introduced in the bone marrow of the patient.
Question: 52
What are transgenic plants?
Answer: 52
52-62Plants having foreign DNA are called transgenic plants.
Question: 53
What are transgenic Bacteria?
Answer: 53
53-62Bacteria that have a foreign gene inserted into their bodies are termed as transgenic bacteria.
Question: 54
What do you known about particle gun?
Answer: 54
54-62In callus tissue culture gene can be introduced in the cell by particle gun method in which callus is bombarded by DNA coated metal particles gene is inserted in the cell.
Question: 55
Define Transgenic Plants.Give its two uses.
Answer: 55
55-62Plants having foreign genes incorporated into their cells are known as transgenic plants.Two uses of transgenic plant are:
Question: 56
How gene therapy has been used for the treatment of coronary artery angioplasty?
Answer: 56
56-62During coronary artery angioplasty,a balloon catheter is sometimes used to open up closed artery.The balloon catheter is coated with a plasmid that contains a gene for vascular endothelial growth factor.The expression of the gene which promotes the cell division of blood vessels to bypass the blocked area has been observed in at least one patient.
Question: 57
Define molecular scissor.How were they obtained?
Answer: 57
57-62Restriction enzymes are also called 'molecular scissors' as they cleave DNA at or near specific recognition sequences known as restriction sites.These enzymes make one incision on each of the two strands of DNA are also called restriction endonucleases. Restriction enzymes were obtained from the bacteria by extraction from their bodies.
Question: 58
What is cloning of a gene?
Answer: 58
58-62Cloning of gene produces many identical copies of a gene. Recombinant DNA technology is used when a very large quantity of gene is required.The use of polymerase chain reaction is a method to create many thousand copies of a particular gene at a time.
Question: 59
What is Anther Culture?
Answer: 59
59-62Anther culture is a technique in which mature anthers are cultured in a medium containing vitamins and growth regulators.Anther culture is a direct way to produce plants that express recessive alleles.If the recessive alleles govern desirable traits,the plants have these traits.
Question: 60
What is cell suspension culture?
Answer: 60
60-62In cell suspension culture actively growing cultures are cut in to small pieces and shaken in a liquid nutrient medium so that single cell or small group of cells break off and from a suspension.These cell produce the same chemical as entire plant.
Question: 61
What is meant by totipotent?
Answer: 61
61-62Plant cell is said to be totipotent because a single cell has full genetic information for the development of a single plant from a single cell.
Question: 62
What is gene pharming?
Answer: 62
62-62Gene pharming is a technology that scientists use to alter an animal's own DNA,or to splice in new DNA,called a transgene,from another species.In pharming these genetically modified animals are used mostly to make human proteins that have medicinal value.
