12th Class Computer Science Chapter 8 Short Questions with Answers Solved

Question: 1

Who is Programmer?

Answer: 1

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A computer is a device that follow the instructions given to it. A person who well define set of instructions to the computer is called Programmer .

Question: 2

Define Computer Program?

Answer: 2

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A computer is a device that follows the instructions given to it . A well define set of instruction given to the computer is called a computer program.

Question: 3

Differentiate Between Linking and Loader.

Answer: 3

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Linking :The Linker is a program the combine the object program with additional object files that may be needed for the program to execute and save the final machine language program as an executable file on disk. The linker combine different library files to the object file and produces an executable file with exe extension

Question: 4

Write two Characteristics of C-language .

Answer: 4

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1) This is English like language, hence rare close to human language and far from the machine language and very easy to learn.

2) This described a well defined way of writing programs.

Question: 5

What is Linking?

Answer: 5

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Link is the Process in which the object file produced by the compiler is linked to many other library files by the linker .

Question: 6

Define Source Code.

Answer: 6

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Source code is a set of instructions and statements written by a programmer using a computer programming language. This code is later translated into machine language. By a compiler. The translated code is referred to as object code.

Question: 7

Why Source code cannot be executed directly?

Answer: 7

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Source code is a human readable but cannot be executed directly . To execute the program, hower the programmer must translate it into machine language ,the language that the computer understands. The first step of this translation process is usually performed by a utility called a compiler .

Question: 8

Write the use of Turbo C ++.

Answer: 8

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Use of Turbo C++ : Turbo C++ is a Borland International's Implementation of a compiler for C language . In addition to a compiler' TC provides a complete IDE to create, edit and save programs is called TC editor . It is also provides a powerful debugger that helps in detecting and removing errors in the program. It is very easy to write C programs in its editor.

Question: 9

What is Object Code?

Answer: 9

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Object code is a set of instruction codes that is understood by a computer at the lowest hardware level. Object code is usually produced by a compiler that reads some higher level computer language . Source instruction amd translate into equivalent machine language instructions.

Question: 10

How a source code is different than an object code.

Answer: 10

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Source Code :

Source code is in the form of the text .
Source code is Human Readable.
Source code is generated by human .
Source code is Input Given to Compiler.

Question: 11

Described the concept of linker .

Answer: 11

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The Linker is a program the combine the object program with additional object files that may be needed for the program to execute and save the final machine language program as an executable file on disk. In Turbo C++ , the linker can be invoked by selecting Complile | Link from the menu bar. The linker combine different library files to the object file and produces an executable file with extension

Question: 12

Distinguished between source code and object code .

Answer: 12

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Source Code :Source code is a set of instructions and statements written by a programmer using a computer programming language. This code is later translated into machine language. By a compiler. The translated code is referred to as object code.

Question: 13

How program logic is implemented in un-structured programming languages?

Answer: 13

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In un-structured programming languages, the entire logic of the program is implemented in a single module (function), which cause the program error prone, difficult ti understand, modify and debug.

Question: 14

Define Structure programming .

Answer: 14

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In structured programming languages, the entire logic of the of the program is divided into number of smaller modules, where each modules, (piece of code) implements a different functionality.

Question: 15

State the purpose of header file.

Answer: 15

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The C and C++ standard library contains files containing the standard functions that are known as header files. Header file provide function prototypes, definition for library functions .

Data types and contants used with the library functions are also used in them .

Question: 16

What is define directives?

Answer: 16

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The define create a macro, which is the association of an identifier or parameterized identifier with a token string, after the macro is defined, the compiler can substitute the token string for each occurrence of the identifier in the source file.

Syntax : #define identifier token -stringopt

#define identifier ( identifieropt,..., identifieropt) token-stringopt

Question: 17

Define Delimiters?

Answer: 17

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Delimiters : Next to the function definition are braces, which indicate the beginning and end of the function body. These braces are called delimiters. The opening braces {indicates the beginning of a block of code (set statement) .while the closing brace) represents the end of a block of code.

Question: 18

Differentiate between Preprocessor directives and header file .

Answer: 18

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Preprocessor Directives :Preprocessor directives are commands that give instruction to the C preprocessor. The preprocessor is a program that modifies the program .(Source program) prior to its compilation. A preprocessor directive always begins with the symbole (#). In the above program, include is preprocessor directives.

Question: 19

Define Constant Macro.

Answer: 19

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Constant Macro: Constant Macro is a name that is replaced by a particular constant value. Before the program is sent to the compiler.

Syntax : #define Macro_Name expression

Example: #define PI 3.142857 # define SEC_PER_HR 3600

Question: 20

What are preprocessor directives?

Answer: 20

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Preprocessor directives are commands that give instruction to the C preprocessor. The preprocessor is a program that modifies the program .(Source program) prior to its compilation. A preprocessor directive always begins with the symbole (#). In the above program, include is preprocessor directives.

Question: 21

What is Header File?

Answer: 21

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Header File : Header Files contain definitions of Functions and Variables, Which is imported or used into any C++ program by using the preprocessor # include statement. Header file have an extension "h" which contains C++ function declaration and macro definition.

Question: 22

Why is Function used in program?

Answer: 22

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Function Main : Every C program has a main function. In fact, main is the function where the execution of the C program begins . The rest of lines of program forms the body of the main function , the body is enclosed in braces {and}.

Main Function Definition :

Syntax : Void main (void)

{body of main function

}

Question: 23

What are different types of Errors in C Programming ?

Answer: 23

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There are three types of Error in C programming :

Syntax Error
Runtime Error
Logical Error

Question: 24

Define Bug?

Answer: 24

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Bug : The programmer may come across errors while writing a computer program. In programming languages, theses errors are called 'Bugs" and the process of finding and removing bugs is called debugging

There are three types of bugs/Errors.

Syntax Error
RunTime Error
Logical Error

Question: 25

Why does machine language program executes faster than high level languages?

Answer: 25

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Machine language is the native language of the computer. The computer does not need any translator to understand this language. Programs written in high level language must be converted to machine language so that the computer can understand then that's why Machine language program execute faster than high level language.

Question: 26

What is Syntax ?

Answer: 26

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Syntax Errors : A Syntax error occurs when the program violates one or more grammar rule of C language.

The compiler detects these errors as it attempts to translate the program. If a C statement has syntax error, it cannot be translated and the program could not be executed.

Causes : There can be many causes of syntax errors:

Missing terminator I.e the semicolon using a variable without declaration , missing any of the delimiters I.e, {or}etc
A syntax error may also occur when an invalid equation is entered into a calculator.

Question: 27

What is statement terminator?

Answer: 27

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Statement Terminator : Every statement in a C program terminates with a semicolon (;).If any of the statement is missing the statement terminator, the compiler will report it the following error message. Statement missing:

Question: 28

Define the term Debug.

Answer: 28

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Debugging is the routine process of locating and removing program bugs, errors or abnormalities, which is methodically handled by software programmers via debugging tools. Debugging checks, detects and corrects errors or bugs to allow proper program operation according to set specifications.

Question: 29

Why logical errors is the most difficult error to find?

Answer: 29

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Logical errors when a program follows a faculty algorithm. The compiler cannot detect logical errors; therefor no error message is reported from the compiler . Moreover, these errors don't cause the program to be crashed that's why these are very difficult to detect. One can recognize logical errors by just looking at the wrong output of the program. Logical errors can only be detected by through testing of the program.

Question: 30

Define Low Level Language ?

Answer: 30

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Low Level Language : A low level language is a programming language that deals with a computers hardware components and constraints. It has no (or only a minute level of) abstraction in reference to a computer and works to manage a computers operational semantics. A low-level language may also be referred to as a computer native language.

Categories: There are two broad categories of low level language.

Machine Languages
Assembly Languages

Question: 31

What are programming Languages?

Answer: 31

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Programming Languages : The language which are used to write computer programs are called Programming language.

Categories : There are two broad categories of programming languages

Low Level Languages
High Level Languages

Question: 32

Define Runtime Errors.

Answer: 32

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A Runtime errors occur when the program directs the computer to perform an illegal operation, such as dividing a number by zero. Runtime errors are detected and displayed by the computer during the execution of a program. When a runtime error occurs the computer stops executing the program and displays a diagnostic message.

Question: 33

Differentiate between Logical Errors and Syntax Errors.

Answer: 33

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Logical Errors : Logical errors when a program follows a faculty algorithm. The compiler cannot detect logical errors; therefor no error message is reported from the compiler . Moreover, these errors don't cause the program to be crashed ,that's why these are very difficult to detect. One can recognize logical errors by just looking at the wrong output of the program. Logical errors can only be detected by through testing of the program.

Question: 34

Name two main categories of Programming Languages.

Answer: 34

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There are two broad categories of programming languages

Low Level Languages
High Level Languages

Question: 35

What is Assembly Language?

Answer: 35

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Assembly level language is a set of codes that can run directly on the computer's processor. This type of language is most appropriate in writing operating systems and maintaining desktop applications. With the assembly level language it is easier for a programmer to define commands. It is easier to understand and use as compared to machine language.

Question: 36

What is an assembler?

Answer: 36

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An assembler (language translator for assembly language program) is used to translate an assembly language program into machine language.

Question: 37

What is compiler?

Answer: 37

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Compiler translates the source program into an object program with .obj extension .

Question: 38

What is Machine Language?

Answer: 38

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Machine language is the native language of the computer. The computer does not need any translator to understand this language. Programs written in any other language must be converted to machine language so that the computer can understand them . Every machine language instruction consist of string of binary 0s and 1s .

Question: 39

What is the difference between machine language and assembly language ?

Answer: 39

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Machine Language :Machine language is the native language of the computer. The computer does not need any translator to understand this language. Programs written in any other language must be converted to machine language so that the computer can understand them. Every machine language instruction consists of string of binary 0s and 1s.

Question: 40

What is the difference between High level language and low Level language?

Answer: 40

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High Level Language : Program languages whose instructions resemble the English Language are called high level languages. Every high level language define a set of rule of writing. Programs called syntax of the language. Every instruction in the high level language must confirm to its syntax .

Question: 41

Differentiate between Compiler and Interpreter.

Answer: 41

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Compiler : Compiler translate the source program into an object program with .obj extension . A Compiler is a special program that processes statements written in a particular programming language and turns them into machine language or "code" that a computer processor uses.

Question: 42

Define High Level Language ?

Answer: 42

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Program languages whose instructions resemble the English Language are called high-level languages. Every high-level language define a set of rule of writing. Programs called syntax of the language. Every instruction in the high-level language must confirm to its syntax.

Question: 43

Give any four examples of high-level language?

Answer: 43

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There are the following examples of high level languages .CC++JavaPascalFortanBasicCOBOL

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12th Class Chapter 8 Computer science Short Questions

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