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Question: 1
Define microbiology.
Answer: 1
1-1097The division of biology, which deals the study of microorganisms such as bacteria, is called microbiology.
Question: 2
Define embryology.
Answer: 2
2-1097It is teh study of teh development of an embryo to new individual.
Question: 3
What do you mean by horticulture and how is it related agriculture?
Answer: 3
3-1097Horticulture: It deals with the art of gardening. A horticulturist works for the betterment of existing varieties and for the production of new varieties of ornamental plants and fruit plants.
Question: 4
What are protists?
Answer: 4
4-1097The unicellular or simple multicellular organisms with distinct nuclei are called protest.
Examples: Euglena, Paramecium, Green algae etc.
Question: 5
Define biotechnology.
Answer: 5
5-1097It deals practical application of living organisms to make substances for the welfare of mankind.
Example: Insulin
Question: 6
What are different groups of living organisms?
Answer: 6
6-1097Prokaryotes, Protist , Fungi, Plants, Animals
Question: 7
Define Molecular biology.
Answer: 7
7-1097this branch , deals with the study of the molecules of like e.g. water, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids.
Question: 8
Define Science.
Answer: 8
8-1097Science is the study in which observations are made, experiments are done and logical conclusions are drawn in order to understand the principles of nature.
Question: 9
Differentiate between morphology and anatomy.
Answer: 9
9-1097Morphology:The branch of biology, which deals with the study of the structures and forms of living organisms is called morphology.
Example: Study of eye etc.
Question: 10
Define Genetics.
Answer: 10
10-1097The study of genes and their roles in inheritance is called genetics, Inheritance means the transmission of characters from one generation to the other.
Example: Eye colour, height.
Question: 11
Define prokaryotes.
Answer: 11
11-1097The unicellular organism that do not have distinct nucleus are grouped as prokaryotes.
Example: Bacteria.
Question: 12
Define biology.
Answer: 12
12-1097biology is the scientific study of life. The word biology has been derived from two Greek words, "bios" meaning life and 'logos' meaning thought or reasoning.
Question: 13
Define immunology.
Answer: 13
13-1097The study of the immune system of animals which defends the body against invading microbes in called immunology.
Question: 14
What is studied in profession of farming?
Answer: 14
14-1097It deals with the development and maintenance of different types of farm. For example in some farms.
Animals breeding technologics are used for the production of animals which are better protein and milk sources.
In poultry farms chicken and eggs are produced.
Question: 15
Define paleontology
Answer: 15
15-1097The study of fossils is called paleontology.The remains of extinct organisms are called fossils .
Question: 16
Define Sociobiology.
Answer: 16
16-1097This branch deals with the study of social behavior of the animals that make societics
Question: 17
Define taxonomy.
Answer: 17
17-1097The study of the naming and classification of organisms into groups and sub groups is called taxonomy.
Question: 18
Define parasitology?
Answer: 18
18-1097The branch of biology, which deals with the study of parasites is called parasitology.
Question: 19
Define biophysics.
Answer: 19
19-1097It deals with the study of the principles of physic,which are applicable to biological phenomena , for example there is a similarity between the working principles of lever in physics and limbs of animal in biology
Question: 20
What are fossils?
Answer: 20
20-1097The remains of extinct organisms are called fossils.
Question: 21
Define Pharmacology.
Answer: 21
21-1097The branch of biology in which we study of drugs and their effects on system of human body is called pharmacology.
Question: 22
What is Medicine and Surgery?
Answer: 22
22-1097The profession of medicine deals with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases in human in surgery the body parts may be repaired replaced or removed.
Question: 23
What is parasite?
Answer: 23
23-1097The organisms that take food and shelter from living hosts and in return harm them are called parasite.
Question: 24
Define environmental biology.
Answer: 24
24-1097The branch of biology, which deals with the study of the interactions between the organisms and their environment.
Question: 25
Define Biomolecule.
Answer: 25
25-1097The stable particle which is made by atoms of bioelements i.e. carbon, nitrogen, sulphur etc through konic or covalent bonding is called biomolecules.
Types: Macromolecules ,Macromolecules
Question: 26
What are eukaryotes?
Answer: 26
26-1097The organisms whose cells do have distinct nucleus, membrane bounded structures and large number and types of organelles.
Example. animal cells.
Question: 27
Describe major contributions of Jabir Bin Hayan.
Answer: 27
27-1097Jabir Bin Hayyan introduced experimental investigation in chemistry and also wrote a number of books on plants and animals . HIs famous books are "Al-Nabatat" and "Al-Haywan.
Question: 28
Define Molecule.
Answer: 28
28-1097atoms of different elements combine with each other through ionic or covalent bonding to make a stable particle, which is called molecule.
Question: 29
Define Forestry.
Answer: 29
29-1097It forestry, professional look after natural forests and advises to the government for planting and growing artificial forests.
Question: 30
What are elements?
Answer: 30
30-1097Elements are pure substances, which are made up of same kind of atoms having same atomic numbers.
Question: 31
What are teh functions of orgenelles?
Answer: 31
31-1097Each type of organelle is specialized to perform as specific function.
Example: Mitochondria specialized for cellular respiration.
Ribosomes are specialized for protein synthesis.
Question: 32
Write down the contributions of Abdul Malik Asmai.
Answer: 32
32-1097Abdul Malik is considered the first Muslim scientist who studied animals in detail. His famous writing include Al-abil(Camel)", "Al-Khail (horse)", 'Al-Wahoosh (animal0" and " Kalq-al-ansan.
Question: 33
Define organelle.
Answer: 33
33-1097Biomolecules assemble in a particular way and form organelles. These ae sub-cellular structure.
Example: Prokaryotic cell , Eukaryotes cell
Question: 34
What are prokaryotes?
Answer: 34
34-1097The organisms whose cells do not have distinct nucleus, lack membrane bounded structure like mitochondria and have limited number and types of organelles are called prokaryotes. e.g. bacteria
Question: 35
What is meant by bio element?
Answer: 35
35-1097The elements, which take part in making body mass of living things are called bio elements these are 16
Question: 36
What are the contributions of Bu Ali Sina?
Answer: 36
36-1097He is honoured as the fonder of medicine and called as Avicenna in the west. He was a physician, philosopher, astronomer and poet. One of his books"Al-Qanun fial-Tib" is known as the cannon of medicine in West.
Question: 37
Define population.
Answer: 37
37-1097A populationis defined as a group of organisms of the same species located at the same place, in the same time.
Example: Human population in Pakistan in 2019 comprises of 173.5 million individuals.
Question: 38
Name any four unicellular organisms.
Answer: 38
38-1097Amoeba, Paramecium, Euglena, Virus
Question: 39
Difference between unicellular and multicellular.
Answer: 39
39-1097Unicellular:An organism which is made up of one cell is called unicellular organism.
Example: Paramecium, amoeba etc
Question: 40
Which organs make digestive system.
Answer: 40
40-1097Oral cavity,Stomach, Liver, Pancreas, small intestine, large intestine.
Question: 41
Which membrane is present both in prokaryotes & eukaryotes.
Answer: 41
41-1097Cell membrane.
Question: 42
Define organ.
Answer: 42
42-1097In higher multicellular organisms, more than one types of tissues having related functions are organized together to make a unit, called organ.
Example: Stomach and liver etc.
Question: 43
Name three types of cellular organizations?
Answer: 43
43-1097These are . Unicellular organization, Colonial organization, Multicellular organization
Question: 44
Define tissue.
Answer: 44
44-1097We can define a tissue as a group of similar cells specialized for the performance of a common function.
Example ; Animal tissue and plant tissue.
Question: 45
Define community.
Answer: 45
45-1097A community is the assemblage of different populations,interacting with one another with in the same environment.
Example: A forest may be considered as a community. It includes different plants, micro-organismm,fungi and animal species.
Question: 46
What is volvox?
Answer: 46
46-1097Volvox is a green algae found in water that shows colonial organization. Hundreds of Volvox cells make a colony.
Question: 47
Define organ system.
Answer: 47
47-1097Different organs performing related functions are organized together in the form of an organ system. In organ system each organ performs a specific function.
Question: 48
Name major types of animal tissues.
Answer: 48
48-1097There are four major types of animals tissues.
Epithelial tissues, Connective tissues, Nervous tissue, Muscular tissue
Question: 49
Which organs make digestive system?
Answer: 49
49-1097Oral cavity, stomach, liver, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine
Question: 50
What is the biosphere level?
Answer: 50
50-1097The part of the Earth inhabited by organisms'communities is known as biosphere. It constitutes all ecosystems (areas where living organisms interact with the nonliving components of the environment) and is also called the zone of life on Earth.
Question: 51
Write names of three main divisions of biology.
Answer: 51
51-1097The name of three divisions of biology.
Zoology, Botany, Microbiology.
Question: 52
Define pulmonary and systematic circulation ?
Answer: 52
52-1097Pulmonary circulation : The pathways on which deoxygenated blood is carried from the heart to the lungs and in return oxygenated blood is carried from the lungs to heart is called pulmonary circulation
Question: 53
What is glottis?
Answer: 53
53-1097Glottis is a narrow opening at the floe larynx through glottis.
Question: 54
Name major types of animal tissue.
Answer: 54
54-1097Epithelial tissues ,Connective tissues, Nervous tissue, Muscular tissue
Question: 55
What is larynx?
Answer: 55
55-1097The upper most part of the trachea is fibrous bands called vocal cord. When air also called voice box.
Question: 56
Write two advantages of Brassica plant/Mustard plant.
Answer: 56
56-1097Advantages of Brassica plant is.
the plant body of Brassica is used as vegetable.
Its seeds are used for extracting oil
Question: 57
Define botany.
Answer: 57
57-1097This division of biology deals with the study of plants.
Example: The study of Rose, mustard plant. etc
Question: 58
What is pneumonia?
Answer: 58
58-1097It is an infection of lungs. If it affects both Iungs is called double pneumonia
Question: 59
Scientific name of frog.
Answer: 59
59-1097Frog live in the both water and terriestial medium. IT Belong TO Class Amphibian,its scientific name is Rana tigrina.
Question: 60
Why do organisms need energy?
Answer: 60
60-1097The organisms need energy in the form of ATP for their activities and processes.
Question: 61
Define species.
Answer: 61
61-1097A species is defined as a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring.
Question: 62
Define pressure and flow mechanism
Answer: 62
62-1097In pressure-flow mechanism , food is moved from sources to sinks . At source (sugars) is moved by active transport into the sieve tubes of phloem . Due to the presence of sugar in sieve tubes , their solute concentration increases and water enters them from xylem (via osmosis) . This results in higher pressure of water in these tubes , which drives solution of food towards sink. At the sink end , food is unloaded by active transport . Water also exists from the seive tube . The exit of water decreases pressure in seive tubes , which causes a mass flow from the higher pressure at the source to the now lowered pressure at the sink
Question: 63
What structure are responsible for gaseous exchange in leaves and young stems?
Answer: 63
63-1097Stomata and Lenticels.
Question: 64
What is the function of reproductive part of plant?
Answer: 64
64-1097Flowers take part in sexual reproduction and produce fruits and seeds.
Question: 65
Define breathing?
Answer: 65
65-1097The physical movement movement associated with gaseous exchange
Question: 66
What is habitat and how it is different from community?
Answer: 66
66-1097Habitat: It means the area of the environment in which organism lives.
Community: In community different populations interacting with each other, one another live with the same environment, but in habitat we talk about an organism's living area.
Question: 67
What are two phases of breathing?
Answer: 67
67-1097(i) Inspiration
(ii) Expiation
Question: 68
Name some plant tissue.
Answer: 68
68-1097Epidermal tissue, Ground tissues
Question: 69
Define Zoology:
Answer: 69
69-1097This division of biology deals with the study of animals.
example: The study of frog, human etc.
Question: 70
What is epiglottis?
Answer: 70
70-1097Ans: The glottis is guarded by a flap of tissues and it also prevents food to enter into larynx
Question: 71
Where is located the respiratory centre?
Answer: 71
71-1097It is located in the brain. It is sensitive to the concentration of CO2
Question: 72
What is chronic bronchitis?
Answer: 72
72-1097It usually last a about three months to two years and it is develop by bronchi
Question: 73
What are alveoli?
Answer: 73
73-1097These are cluster of pouches which form the respiratory surface in human body. Each alveolus is 3 sac like structure lined by a single layer of epithelial cells. It is bounded by a net-work of capillaries.
Question: 74
Define gaseous exchange?
Answer: 74
74-1097The process of taking oxygen in and giving out CO2 is called gaseous exchange. It is of 2 types.
(i) Breathing
(ii) Cellular respiration
Question: 75
Name some respiratory disorders.
Answer: 75
75-1097Bronchitis, Emphyseinar,Phneumonia, Asthma, Lung cancer etc.
Question: 76
Define cellular respiration?
Answer: 76
76-1097The process in which the C-H bond of food is broken down into CO2 and H2O by using oxygen by oxidation reduction reaction is called cellular respiration.
Question: 77
What is the significance of C-Shaped cartilaginous rings of trachea?
Answer: 77
77-1097These prevent the trachea from collapsing
Question: 78
What are lenticles?
Answer: 78
78-1097In woody stems and mature roots. the gaseous exchange. So, there are certain p lenticles allow air to pass through it.
Question: 79
What do you meant by transpiration Explain it .
Answer: 79
79-1097Transpiration is the loss of water from plant surface through evaporation . This loss may occur through stomatal in leaves through the cuticle present on leaf epidermis and through special opening called lenticels present in the stem of some plant . Most of transpiration occurs through stomata and is called stomatal transpiration
Question: 80
What is the major cause of emphysema?
Answer: 80
80-1097Smoking.
Question: 81
What is diaphragm?
Answer: 81
81-1097It is a thick muscular, dome shaped structure present below the lungs. It helps in breathing.
Question: 82
What is treatment of pneumonia?
Answer: 82
82-1097(i) Vaccines prevent pneumonia.
(ii) Antibiotics are used.
Question: 83
What is difference between breathing and respiration?
Answer: 83
83-1097Respiration and breathing are not the some process. Respiration is a mechanical and biochemical process while breathing is just a mechanical process.
Question: 84
What are pleural membranes and pleural fluid?
Answer: 84
84-1097Each lung is covered by outer and inner pleural membranes. Between these two membranes there is a pleural fluid which provides lubrication for expansion and contraction of lungs.
Question: 85
What structures are responsible for woody stems and mature roots?
Answer: 85
85-1097Lenticels
Question: 86
What are causes of pneumonia?
Answer: 86
86-1097Pneumonia is mostly caused by a bacterium streptococcus. It is also caused by virus or by fungal infection.
Question: 87
What are symptoms of bronchitis?
Answer: 87
87-1097Cough, Mild wheezing, Chills, Shortness of breath.
Question: 88
What are the causes of cancer?
Answer: 88
88-1097(i) Smoking
(ii) Ionizing radiation
(iii) Viral infection
Question: 89
What are causes of asthma?
Answer: 89
89-1097(i) Allergens.
(ii) Irritants
Question: 90
Who many types of bronchitis?
Answer: 90
90-1097It usually lasts about two weaks. It has no permanent damage.
Question: 91
How many carcinogens are found in cigarette smoke?
Answer: 91
91-1097Over 50
Question: 92
What are bad effect of smoking?
Answer: 92
92-1097Ans: (i) Smoking causes cancer in kidney oral Cavity, larynx, breast, bladder
(ii) Smoking effect air passage way.
(iii) Smoking effect circulatory system.
(iv) Smoking cause arteriosclerosis (Increase production of blood platelets) and narrowing the arteries.
Question: 93
What is the treatment of lungs cancer ?
Answer: 93
93-10971: Chemotherapy 2: Radiotherapy
Question: 94
State cell theory?
Answer: 94
94-1097Cell theory in its modern form , includes the following principles
1: All organisms are composed of one or more cells
Question: 95
Name parts of air passageways
Answer: 95
95-1097Nose→Phyrnx→Larynx→Trachea→Bronchi→Bronchioles→
alveolar→ducts→alveoli
Question: 96
What do you mean by sub cellular or a cellular particles?
Answer: 96
96-1097According to first principle of cell theory all organisms are composed of one or more cells , Discovery of virus , prions ,and viroids claim that they are not composed of cells rather they are sub-cellular which do not run any metabolism . They show some characteristics of living organisms i-e they can increase in number and can transmit their characters to next generation . A cellular particles are not classified in any of the five kingdoms of organisms
Question: 97
What are the % ages of inspired air and expired air?
Answer: 97
97-109721 % 02 in inspired air 16 % 02 in expired air
Question: 98
What is emphysema?
Answer: 98
98-1097It is respiratory disorder in which break down of alveolar wall occur. It result in larger sac but with has surface area for gaseous exchange.
Question: 99
Explain fluid mosaic model ?
Answer: 99
99-1097The fluid mosaic model explain the internal structure of cell membrane according to it cell membrane consists of a lipid bilayer in which protein molecules are embedded . The lipid bilayer gives elasticity and fluidity to the cell membrane . Small amount of carbohydrates is also present which combines with protein to form Glycoprotein or with lipid to form Glycolipid . In some eukaryotes small amount of cholesterol is also present in lipid bilayer
Question: 100
What is bronchitis?
Answer: 100
100-1097It is the inflammation of the bronchi & bronchioles. It result in more secretions of mucous int, these tubes. It leads to swelling of tubes.
Question: 101
Differential between inspiration and expiration
Answer: 101
101-1097Intake of air from atmosphere into lungs is called inspiration and in expiration expelled out.
Question: 102
What are bronchiodilators?
Answer: 102
102-1097These are chemicals which dilate the bronchioles. These are given to asthma patients in the form of inhalers.
Question: 103
What is rate of breathing at rest?
Answer: 103
103-109716-20 times minute.
Question: 104
Different between bronchi and bronchioles
Answer: 104
104-1097Trachea divided into two branches which are called bronchi. Each bronchus further divided into very fine tubes called bronchioles.
Question: 105
What is the rate of breathing during exercise?
Answer: 105
105-109730-40 times minute.
Question: 106
Define Magnification and Resolving power?
Answer: 106
106-1097Magnification: It is increase in apparent size of an object.
Question: 107
What is the effect of monoxide present in tobacco smoke ?
Answer: 107
107-1097Co in tobacco smoke decrease the O2carrying capacity of heamoglobin
Question: 108
What are causes of bronchitis?
Answer: 108
108-1097It is caused by viruses, bacteria or exposure to chemical irritants
Question: 109
Define osmoregulation ?
Answer: 109
109-1097It is the maintenance of the amounts of water and salts in body fluids . It is done by kidneys and skin
Question: 110
What is asthma?
Answer: 110
110-1097It is chronic inflammation of bronchi which results in swelling and narrowing of air passageways.
Question: 111
Explain function of lysosome.
Answer: 111
111-1097A lysosome fuse with vacuole that contain targeted materials and its enzymes break down the material.
Question: 112
What are causes of lung cancer?
Answer: 112
112-1097(i) Carcinogens present in tobacco smoke
(ii) Ionizing radiations (iii)Viral infection
Question: 113
Define transpiration .
Answer: 113
113-1097The loss of water in the form of vapours from the plant surface is called transpiration . It occurs through leaves
Question: 114
What are symptoms of Asthma?
Answer: 114
114-1097Shortness of breath, Wheezing. Chronic cough. Tightness of chest.
Question: 115
What are the symptoms of emphysema?
Answer: 115
115-1097Shortness of breath, Fatigue, weight loss
Question: 116
What was contribution of Lamark in cell theory ?
Answer: 116
116-1097In 1809 , De Lamark proposed that nobody can have life if its parts are not cellular tissues or are not formed by cellular tissues
Question: 117
What is the treatment of emphysema?
Answer: 117
117-1097Drug therapy , Antibiotics
Question: 118
What will happen if an animal is placed hypertonic cell?
Answer: 118
118-1097When cell is placed in hypertonic environment , the water from cell moves out due to osmosis and cell shrinks in size
Question: 119
What is the treatment of Bronchitis?
Answer: 119
119-1097Antibiotics are used to treat the patient.
Question: 120
What are the functions of leucoplasts and chromoplasts?
Answer: 120
120-1097Leucoplasts :
(i) They contain pigments associated with bright colors and are present in the cells of flow petals and fruits.
(ii) Their function is to give colors to these parts and thus help in pollination and dispersal fruit.
Chromoplasts: Chloroplasts are the sites of photosynthesis in eukaryotes. They contain chlorophyll (the gre, pigment necessary for photosynthesis) and associated pigments. These pigments are present the thylakoids of grana.
Question: 121
What are symptoms of pneumonia?
Answer: 121
121-1097Cold that is followed by a high fever, shivering, cough with sputum production, Shortness of breath, skin purplish due to the poor oxygenation.
Question: 122
What is the effect of smoking on teeth ?
Answer: 122
122-1097Smoking causes weakening and staining of teeth . The loss of teeth is 2-3 times higher in smokes than in non-smokes
Question: 123
What is treatment of Asthma?
Answer: 123
123-1097(i) Bronchiodilators(ii) Antibiotics
Question: 124
What is guttation ?
Answer: 124
124-1097The removal of water in the form of drops through special pores present at leaf tips or edges called guttation
Question: 125
What is the importance of diffusion ?
Answer: 125
125-1097It is one principle method of movement of molecules across cell membrane
1: CO2 and O2 molecule can cross cell membrane by diffusion
2: Gas exchange in gills and lungs operate by this process
Question: 126
Does smoking effect only lungs ?
Answer: 126
126-1097No, smoking may also effect other organs of body e.g kidneys, oral cavity , larynx , breast , bladder , pancreas etc
Question: 127
Write function of ureter .
Answer: 127
127-1097Ureter in the tube which carry urine from kidneys to urinary bladder
Question: 128
Differentiate between diffusion and facilitated diffusion?
Answer: 128
128-1097Diffusion :It is the movement of molecules from a an area of higher concentration to area of lower concentration i.e Alon concentration gradient
Question: 129
What is passive smoking?What is its effect?
Answer: 129
129-1097Inhalation of smoke from another's smoking, is known as passive smoking. It may cause lung cancer.
Question: 130
What is composition of cytoplasm ?
Answer: 130
130-1097It is a semi viscous and semi transparent substance containing organic molecules (Note. Carbohydrates. lipids) & inorganic salts completely or partially dissolved in it. Its funetio:1/4), act as sue for various reactions.
Question: 131
What are preventive measures of lung cancer?
Answer: 131
131-10971: Elimination of tobacco smoking
2: Cessation of smoking
Question: 132
What is function of cytoplasm ?
Answer: 132
132-1097Function :
1: It provides space for the proper functioning of organelles
2: It acts as size for various biochemical reactions such as glycolysis which occurs in cytoplasm
Question: 133
Define Homeostasis ?
Answer: 133
133-1097Homeostasis may be defined as the maintenance of internal conditions of body at equilibrium despite changes in the external environment
Question: 134
What are characteristics of cell wall?
Answer: 134
134-1097(i) Cell wall is non-living structure.
(ii) It is strong component.
iii) located outside plasma membrane.
(iv) - provides shape, strength, support and protection to cell.
Question: 135
What is chemical composition of cell wall?
Answer: 135
135-1097Outer layer of cell wall is called primary wall consists of cellulose . Inner layer of wall consists of lignin and called is secondary cell wall
Question: 136
Does smoking increases chances of tuberculosis and pneumonia ?
Answer: 136
136-1097Yes , smoking increases chances of tuberculosis 2-4 times and pneumonia by 4 times
Question: 137
Give mechanism of endocytosis .
Answer: 137
137-1097It is movement of bulky material inside the cell
1: A portion of cell membrane invaginates
2: The material from outside is taken inside the invagination
3: The open ends of invagination seal forms small vesicle
Question: 138
Write the function of kidney ?
Answer: 138
138-1097Function of kidney :
1: It filters water, salts ,urea , uric acid etc from the blood and from urine
2: It maintains salts and water balance in body fluids
Question: 139
What is lung cancer?
Answer: 139
139-1097It is disease of uncontrolled cell divisions in tissue of lungs.
Question: 140
What is W.H.O ?
Answer: 140
140-1097W.H.O means World Health Organization
Question: 141
What are functions of centriole?
Answer: 141
141-1097They help in formation of spindle fibers during cell division.
(ii) They also form cilia (in paramecium). and flagella.
Question: 142
What is the colour and shape of kidneys ?
Answer: 142
142-1097Colour : Dark-red
Shape : Bean - shape
Question: 143
What are xerophytes and how they reduce water loss ?
Answer: 143
143-1097Xerophytes are the plants which live in dry environment . They have thick , waxy cuticle over their epidermis and less number of stomata to reduce water loss from internal tissues
Question: 144
What is light microscope?
Answer: 144
144-1097The microscope which uses visible light through specimen to produce image
Question: 145
How many different chemicals are found in cigarette smoke?
Answer: 145
145-1097Over 4000
Question: 146
What is chemical composition of cell membrane?
Answer: 146
146-1097Chemically, cell membrane is normally composed of proteins and lipids with small quantities of carbohydrates.
Question: 147
What are excretory products of plants ?
Answer: 147
147-1097The excretory products of plants include extra carbon dioxide , oxygen , water resins , gums mucilages , latx etc
Question: 148
What is a renal tube ? What are its parts ?
Answer: 148
148-1097It is the part of nephron which starts after Bowman's capsule
Its parts are:
a: Proximal convoluted tubule
b: Loop of henle
c: Distal convoluted tubule
Question: 149
Differentiate between skeletal muscles and smooth muscles .
Answer: 149
149-1097Skeletal muscles : These are striated muscles attached to the bones and contain many nuclei . They are responsible for the movement . They are voluntary means their movement is under our will
Question: 150
Define thermoregulation
Answer: 150
150-1097It is the maintenance of internal body temperature
Question: 151
What is the name of by-product produced in Downs's cell?
Answer: 151
151-1097The name of the by-product produced in Down Cell is Chlorine gas (Cl2).
Question: 152
What is excretion ?
Answer: 152
152-1097It is the elimination of metabolic wastes especially nitrogenous wastes (e.g urea ) from the body . It is done by urinary system
Question: 153
Differentiate eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell?
Answer: 153
153-1097Eukaryoticcell:
1: The organisms having eukaryotic cell is called as eukaryotes
2: Eukaryotic cells have prominent nucleus
Question: 154
What are the homeostatic organs in man ?
Answer: 154
154-1097Main homeostatic organs in man are :
1: Lungs
2: Skin
3: Kidneys
Question: 155
What is the shape of cathode in Nelson's cell?Why is it perforated?
Answer: 155
155-1097Ans: In Nelson's cell cathode is perforated U-Shaped. It is made perforated so that the solution of sodium hydroxide is formed in it can slowly percolate into a catch basin.
Question: 156
Why is meat not considered a good source of vitamin C
Answer: 156
156-1097Minute quantities of vitamin C are present in muscles . Since meat consists of muscles so it is not a good source of vitamin 'C'
Question: 157
What is difference between meristematic and permanent tissues ?
Answer: 157
157-10971: Meristematic tissues have cells which have ability to divide
2: It is of two types
. Apical meristems
. Lateral meristems
3: They help in growth
Question: 158
What are pyramids ?
Answer: 158
158-1097Renal medulla consists of several cone shaped areas , which bare called pyramids
Question: 159
Define biogeography.
Answer: 159
159-1097The study of the occurano and distribution of species in different geographical rigons of the world.
Question: 160
Which two components of food are not considered as nutrients ?
Answer: 160
160-1097Water and dietary fibres are not considered as nutrients , but they do play important role in life
Question: 161
Is hydrogen is the excretory product of plants?
Answer: 161
161-1097No , hydrogen is not a excretory product of plant
Question: 162
Explain working of Na+ .K+ pump.
Answer: 162
162-1097In nerve cell membrane , Na+ is maintained at lower concentration inside the cell . So it is actively moved out by using ATP . While K+ are moved inside . So it is an example of active transport
Question: 163
What type of reaction takes place in electrolytic cell?
Answer: 163
163-1097In electrolytic cell non-spontaneous reaction takes place
Question: 164
What are prokaryotes and eukaryotes?Give example.
Answer: 164
164-1097The organisms in first group are made of cells of prokaryotes while other groups have eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells have promin-ent nucleus while prokaryatic cell do not have prominent nucleus.
Question: 165
What are allergens ?
Answer: 165
165-1097Allergens are the chemical or substances that can irritate the respiratory that are called as allergens . For example pollens ,fragrant particles ,dust particles etc
Question: 166
What is metabolic wastes
Answer: 166
166-1097The waste produced during the metabolism of body . That may harm the body is called metabolic waste
Question: 167
What is cell?
Answer: 167
167-1097The cell is the basic structural functional and biological unit of all known living organism.A cell is the smallest unit of life.
Question: 168
From which food do we et vitamin 'C' ?
Answer: 168
168-1097We get vitamin 'C' from citrus fruit , leafy green vegetables beef and liver .
Question: 169
In the electrolysis of water , where is the oxygen produced ?
Answer: 169
169-1097In the electrolysis of water oxygen produced at anode as
4OH- (aq)➜ 2H2O(l) + O2(g)+4e-
Question: 170
Give function of urinary bladder .
Answer: 170
170-1097It temporarily stores urine until it is released from body
Question: 171
What is Hilus ?
Answer: 171
171-1097It is a depression near centre of the concave area of kidney through which ureter leaves kidney and other structures enter or leave kidney
Question: 172
Define organelle and cell level.
Answer: 172
172-1097Microscopic structure which does a particular job in a cell,
Cell level:Cell are formed each type of organelle is specialized to perform a specific function.
Cell level:Cell are formed each type of organelle is specialized to perform a specific function.
Question: 173
Differentiate between diffusion and filtration .
Answer: 173
173-1097Diffusion :
1: The movement of molecules from higher concentration to lower concentration across membrane is called diffusion
2: Gas exchange in gills and lungs operates by diffusion
Question: 174
Define turgor pressure and turgor .
Answer: 174
174-1097In hypothesis solution the outward pressure on cell wall exerted by internal water is known as turgor pressure and the phenomenon is turgor
Question: 175
What is morphology?
Answer: 175
175-1097This bramble dead with the study of from and structure of living organism.
Question: 176
What is renal medulla ?
Answer: 176
176-1097Renal medulla is the inner part of kidney part of kidney and is pale red in colour
Question: 177
Define osmosis ?
Answer: 177
177-1097It is the movement of water from hypotonic solution to hypertonic solution through semi permeable membrane . Osmosis is the process which helps in opening and closing of stomata
Question: 178
How can balanced diet be related to activity of human?
Answer: 178
178-1097Different people have different life styles and varied nature of work. A man with sedentary habits does not require as much energy as the man who is on his feet for most of the day.
Question: 179
Differentiate between primary growth and secondary growth .
Answer: 179
179-1097Primary growth :
1: The total increase in length of plant is called primary growth
2: It is occurred by Apical meristems
Question: 180
Write down the function of xylem and phloem tissues .
Answer: 180
180-1097Xylem tissues : Xylem tissues are responsible for the conduction of water from roots to the aerial parts of a plant . It also consists of secondary cell wall which is hard due to the presence of lignin so it is also function to support the plant body
Question: 181
Which force drives the non-spontaneous reaction to take place?
Answer: 181
181-1097Non-spontaneous reactions are those which take place in the presence of an external agent. Those external agents arc electrons that cause electricity. So electric energy helps the non-spontaneous reaction to proceed
Question: 182
Which system of human is called urinary system ?
Answer: 182
182-1097The excretory system of human is the urinary system
Question: 183
Differentiate between Endocytosis and Exocytosis .
Answer: 183
183-1097Endocytosis: It is the process of cellular ingestion of bulky materials by the in folding of the cell membrane
This process lost the part of cell membrane
There are two types of endocytosis
1: phagocytosis 2: pinocytosis
Question: 184
What size weight of kidney ?
Answer: 184
184-1097Length : 10cm
Width : 5cm
Thickness : 4cm
Weight : 120 g
Question: 185
Write down the names of two types of simple tissues .
Answer: 185
185-1097There are two types of simple tissues
1: Meristematic tissues 2: Permanent tissues
Question: 186
Differentiate between Microbiology and Morphology
Answer: 186
186-1097Microbiology; Microbiology is a major division of biology which deals with the study of micro organisms such as bacteria's viruses, protozoa etc
Question: 187
From which food do we get vitamin 'D'?
Answer: 187
187-1097We get vitamin D from fish liver oil ,milk , ghee and butter . It is also synthesized by skin . When ultraviolet (UV) radiations from sun are used to convert a compound into vitamin D
Question: 188
Why are strong electrolyte termed as good conductor ?
Answer: 188
188-1097Electrolytes are good conductor because it completely ionized into its ions and it readily produced more ions as
NaOH (s)➜Na+(aq) +OH- (aq)
Question: 189
How goosebumps formed ?
Answer: 189
189-1097Goosebumps are formed by the contraction of small muscles attached at the base of hairs . It helps in thermoregulation by trapping air between hairs
Question: 190
What are plastids ? Name their kind .
Answer: 190
190-1097Plastids are also membrane bounded organelle present in plants and photosynthesis protists
Question: 191
What is halophytes ?
Answer: 191
191-1097Halophytes are the plants which live in sea water and are adapted to salty environment
Question: 192
How are fibres important for humans?
Answer: 192
192-1097(i) Fibres prevents and relieves constipation by stimulating the contraction of intestinal muscles.
(ii) Soluble fibres help in lowering blood cholesterol and sugar levels.
(iii) Insoluble fibres speeds up the movements of carcinogens from intestine.
Question: 193
What is collecting duct?
Answer: 193
193-1097The distal convoluted tubules of many nephrons open in a single opening which collect the material, this opening is called collecting duct
Question: 194
Define Macro molecules?
Answer: 194
194-1097Micromolecules are with low molecular weight e.g glucose water etc and macro moleculers with high molecular weight e.g strafe pratcins lipids etc.
Question: 195
what is meant by supporting tissues in plants ?
Answer: 195
195-1097Supporting tissues provide strength and flexibility to the plant body
Question: 196
Differentiate between fat soluble and water soluble vitamins .
Answer: 196
196-1097Fat soluble vitamins :
1: Cooking or heating destroy them less readily
2: These are much less excreted from the body , so their deficiency in body is less common
Question: 197
What is location of kidney?
Answer: 197
197-1097They are located against the back wall of abdominal cavity just below diaphragm , one on either side of vertebral column
Question: 198
How the half-cells of a galvanic-cell are connected ? What is the function of salt-bridge ?
Answer: 198
198-1097The two half-cell of the galvanic cell are connected by salt bridge , salt bridge is used to maintain the flow of ionic current and the electric neutrality
Question: 199
From which two Greek words the word Biology is made
Answer: 199
199-1097The word biology is derived from two Greek words i.e bios meaning life and logos meaning thought or reasoning
Question: 200
What is plasmolysis ?
Answer: 200
200-1097In a hypertonic environment of plant cell loses water and cytoplasm shrinks . The shrinking of cytoplasm is called plasmolysis
Question: 201
What do you mean by environmental biology?
Answer: 201
201-1097It deals with the study of the interactions between the organisms and their environment.
Question: 202
What is nephron ?
Answer: 202
202-1097Nephron is the structural and functional unit of kidney
Question: 203
What is famine?
Answer: 203
203-1097Famine means the lack of enough food to feed all the people living in an area.
Question: 204
What are the afferent and efferent arterioles ?
Answer: 204
204-1097Afferent arterioles from glomerulus's . Efferent arterioles from glomerulus
Question: 205
Where does cytoplasm lies ? Which organic molecules are in it ?
Answer: 205
205-1097Cytoplasm is present between plasma membrane and nuclear membrane or envelope . It contains organic molecules like proteins , carbohydrates and lipids
Question: 206
Write the function of guard cell?
Answer: 206
206-1097Stomata in leaf epidermis are surrounded by guard cells . During daytime guards cells are making glucose and so are hypertonic (have higher concentration of glucose ) than their nearby epidermis cells . Water enters them from other cells and they swell . In this form they assume a rigid bowed shape and a pore is created between them . At night when there is low solute concentration in guard cells , water leaves them and they become flaccid . In this form both guard cells rest against one another and the opening is closed
Question: 207
Which ions are discharged at Cathode in Nelson's cell and what is produced at Cathode?
Answer: 207
207-1097H+ ions are discharged at cathode in Nelson's cell and hydrogen gas produced, at cathode
2H+ + 2e-➜ H2
Question: 208
Write the parts of urinary system ?
Answer: 208
208-10971: A pair of kidneys
2: A pair of ureters
3: A urinary bladder
4: A urethra
Question: 209
What is colonial organization?
Answer: 209
209-1097Producing organisms which are genetically dentical to one another.
Question: 210
What is the role of fibres supplements in human body?
Answer: 210
210-1097Fibres supplements (such as ispaghol husk) when taken properly may help in constipation an in lowering cholesterol level.
Question: 211
What happens in malnutrition?
Answer: 211
211-1097Problems related to nutrition are grouped as malnutrition. It most often refers to under nutrition resulting from inadequate consumption, poor absorption or excessive loss of nutrients. Malnutrition also includes over nutrition, resulting front over eating or excessive intake of specific nutrient.
Question: 212
What is centrosomes ?
Answer: 212
212-1097In animal cell two centrioles are present to the exterior of nuclear envelope . Two centrioles are collectively called centrosomes . Their function is to help in the formation of spindle fibers during cell division
Question: 213
What is renal cortex ?
Answer: 213
213-1097Renal cortex is the outer part of kidney and has reddish colour
Question: 214
Are anodes of downs cell and Nelson cell made of same element?If yes, what is it name
Answer: 214
214-1097Yes anode of downs cell and Nelson cell made of same element. its name is -graphite
Question: 215
Do non-electrolytes do not form ions in solution ?
Answer: 215
215-1097No non-electrolytes do not form ions in solution
Question: 216
What is pelvis ?
Answer: 216
216-1097A funnel shaped cavity in the kidney is called pelvis .
Question: 217
Name the methods for the treatment of kidney failure?
Answer: 217
217-1097(i) Dialysis (a) Peritoneal dialysis (b) Haemodialysis
(ii) Kidney transplant
Question: 218
Define pharmacology and immunology
Answer: 218
218-1097Pharmacology: Pharmacology deals with the study of medicines and their effects on the body of living organisms
Question: 219
How much water is present in human body?
Answer: 219
219-1097Approximately 60% of the adult human body is composed of water.
Question: 220
What is anemia?
Answer: 220
220-1097The term anemia literally means "a lack of blood". It is caused when the number of red blood cells is reduced than the normal. If body fails to receive sufficient amount of iron, adequate number of haemoglobin molecules are not formed. In this case, there is not enough functioning of red blood cells. The patient is weak and there is shortage of oxygen. supply to body's cells.
Question: 221
Why the positively charged electrode is called anode in electrolytic cell ?
Answer: 221
221-1097Positively charged electrode is called anode because it connected to the (+) terminal of the battery and all electrons move towards it as
2Cl-➜Cl(g) + 2e-
Question: 222
Differentiate mitosis and meiosis .
Answer: 222
222-1097Mitosis:
1: It takes place in somatic cell
2: It results in two daughter cell
3: No crossing over takes place
4: No. of chromosomes remain same as in parent cell
Question: 223
Difference between Glomerulus and Bowman's capsule
Answer: 223
223-1097Glomerulus : Glomerulus is a network of capillaries present inside the Bowman's capsule
Question: 224
Write names of three main division of bioology
Answer: 224
224-1097Three main divisions of biology are given below
Question: 225
What is difference between strong electrolyte and weak electrolyte ?
Answer: 225
225-1097Strong electrolyte:The electrolytes which ionize almost completely in Their aqueous solutions and produce more ions, are called strong electrolytes.
Question: 226
What do you mean by colony?Give Example.
Answer: 226
226-1097Prdueing organisms which are genetically identical to one another.
Question: 227
What are the harmful effects of dehydration?
Answer: 227
227-1097Severe dehydration may result in cardiovascular problems
Question: 228
two functions perform by cell membrane .
Answer: 228
228-1097Cell membrane functions as a semi-permeable barrier , allowing a very few molecules across it while fencing the majority of chemicals inside cell . In this way cell membrane maintains the internal composition of cells
Question: 229
In the electrolysis of water , towards which terminal H+ions move ?
Answer: 229
229-1097In the electrolysis of water (H2O )+or H+ions (hydronium) move towards the cathode
H+ + 1e- (H)
Question: 230
Write symptoms of kidney stones.
Answer: 230
230-1097(i) Severe pain in kidney
(ii) Vomiting
(iii) Frequent urination
(iv) Foul- smelling urine
(v) Blood and pus in urine
Question: 231
Differentiate between primary and secondary cell walls .
Answer: 231
231-1097Primary cell : The outer layer of plant cell wall is called primary cell wall and cellulose is major component it
Question: 232
Write the difference between physiology and taxonomy
Answer: 232
232-1097The difference between physiology and taxonomy is given below
Question: 233
Define tissue?Give Example.
Answer: 233
233-1097In nul Group of cells of the same type doing a particular job the grandular tissues,muscular tissue nervous tissue etc.
Question: 234
What is the pH of blood?
Answer: 234
234-1097pH of blood is 7.35 to 7.45
Question: 235
Which regards are used to test proteins , lipids m glucose , and starch
Answer: 235
235-1097Macromolecules : Proteins , lipids , glucose (reducing sugar ),starch
Question: 236
What type of reaction takes place at anode in electrolytic cell?
Answer: 236
236-1097Oxidation reaction takes place at anode .Anode is a positive charge electrode the atom on this electrode release electron as
2Cl- (l)➜ Cl2(g) + 2e-
Question: 237
List the most terrible famines of twentieth century.
Answer: 237
237-1097The most terrible famines of the twentieth century are; The Ethiopian famine 1983-85 The North Korean famine 1990
Question: 238
What is the signification of water in humans?
Answer: 238
238-1097Water functions as the environment in which water-soluble foodstuff is absorbed in the intestines and waste product are eliminated in urine. Water maintains body temperature through evaporation. Nearly all life-sustaining chemical reactions requires an aqueous (watery) environment.
Question: 239
What is goiter?
Answer: 239
239-1097Goiter is a condition caused by an insufficient amount of iodine in diet. Iodine is used by thyroid gland to produce hormones that control the body's normal functioning and growth. If sufficient iodine is not available in a person's diet, thyroid gland becomes enlarged and it results in swelling in neck. This condition is goiter.
Question: 240
What is G0 phase ?
Answer: 240
240-1097In multicellular eukaryotes , cells enter G0 phase from G1 and stop dividing . Some cells permanently in Go and some semi permanently neurons and cells of liver , kidney respectively . Epithelial cells do not enter in Go phase in whole life of organisms
Question: 241
From which foods do we get vitamin 'A'?
Answer: 241
241-1097We get vitamin 'A' from leafy vegetables (spinach , carrots) yellow/ orange fruits ,liver, eggs, milk , butter
Question: 242
What is community?Give example.
Answer: 242
242-1097A community is an assembled of different population interacting which one another with in the same environment communities are collection of organisms in which one population may increase and other may decrease.
Question: 243
Define Biometery
Answer: 243
243-1097Biometry: It deals with the study of biological processes using mathematical techniques and tools
Question: 244
What are papillary ducts?
Answer: 244
244-1097Many collecting ducts join together to form several hundred papillary ducts
Question: 245
How does vitamin 'A' help in vision ?
Answer: 245
245-1097Vitamin 'A' combines with a protein called opsin to form rhodospin in the rod cells of the retina of eye . When vitamin A is adequate , the lack of rhdospin makes it difficult to see in dim light .
Question: 246
What is the shape of cathode in Nelson's cell ? Why is it perforated ?
Answer: 246
246-1097In nelson's cell cathode is made of iron and have U-shaped . It is perforated because extra brine or NaOH can be easily separated
Question: 247
What is biophysics?
Answer: 247
247-1097The interdisciplinar science that deals with the study of the principles of physics which are applicable to biological phenomena.
Question: 248
What are parasities
Answer: 248
248-1097Parasites: parasites are the organism that take food and shelter from living hosts and in return harm them
Question: 249
What are deficiency symptoms of vitamin A,C,D ?
Answer: 249
249-1097Vitamin 'A' : It's deficiency cause poor growth , night blindness and dry skin
Question: 250
How is food digested in stomach?
Answer: 250
250-1097When food enters the stomach, the gastric glands secrete gastric juice, which contains mucous, digestive enzyme and pepsinogen to pepsin ,which digest proteins of food into polypetides and shorter pepide chains HCl also kills micro-organisms.
Question: 251
Define Genetics?
Answer: 251
251-1097The study of inheritance the terms-mission of characters from one generation to the other.
Question: 252
What is Peritoneum?
Answer: 252
252-1097It is the membrane that lines the peritoneal cavity and contains blood vessels.
Question: 253
Why cell membrane is called semi permeable membrane ?
Answer: 253
253-1097Cell membrane functions as a semi-permeable barrier , allowing a very few molecules across it while fencing the majority of chemicals inside cell . In this way , cell membrane maintains the internal composition of cells
Question: 254
Anode of down cell is made of a non-metal , what is its name ? What is the function of this anode ?
Answer: 254
254-1097In down cell , there is a large block of graphite , which act as anode . The Cl-1 ions are oxidizes there produced Cl2 gas at anode
Question: 255
What do you known about volvox?
Answer: 255
255-1097volvox is a green alga found in water that showes colonial organization hundreds of volvox cells make a colony.
Question: 256
What are the functions of vitamin 'A' 'C' and 'D' ?
Answer: 256
256-1097Vitamin 'A': It causes cell differentiation helps in growth , immunity , and helps in vision in dim light
Question: 257
What are functions of saliva?
Answer: 257
257-1097Saliva performs following functions. -
(i) It adds water and mucous to lubricate the food.
(ii) It contains an enzyme amylase which helps in the semi-digestion of starch
Question: 258
What are the major causes of kidney stones?
Answer: 258
258-1097(i) Diet containing more greeny vegetables, salts etc.
(ii) Recurring urinary tract infections.
(iii) Less intake of water.
(iv) Alcohol consumption.
Question: 259
Which diseases are caused by protein energy malnutrition?
Answer: 259
259-1097(i) Kwashiorkor: It is due to protein deficiency at the age of about 12 months. When breast-feeding is discontinued. Children may grow to normal height but are abnormally thin.
(ii) Marasmus: In it patients lose all their body fat and muscle strength and acquire a skeletal appearance. Children show poor growth. It develops between the ages of a 6 months and one year in children.
Question: 260
Write the function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Answer: 260
260-1097It is involved in a lipid metabolism . It is involved in transport of materials from one part of cell to other
Question: 261
Define Anotomy?
Answer: 261
261-1097The study of the structure of internal argon.
Question: 262
Define genetics and embryology
Answer: 262
262-1097Genetics: The study of genes and their roles in inheritance is called genetics inheritance means the transmission of characters from one generation to the other
Question: 263
. What are three main steps of urine formation?
Answer: 263
263-1097(i) Pressure filtration
(ii)Selective re-absorption
(iii)Tubuler Secretion
Question: 264
What are common forms of malnutrition?
Answer: 264
264-1097Common forms of malnutrition include
1: CO Protein energy malnutrition include (PEM)
2: Mineral energy malnutrition
3: Over in takes of nutrients (0LN).
Question: 265
What is Difference between disjunction and non-disjunction?
Answer: 265
265-1097Disjunction:The normal separation of chromosomes or sister chromatin in meiosis is known as disjunction
For example : In normal separation 56 chromosomes are present
Question: 266
Define Paleontology?
Answer: 266
266-1097It is the study of fossils which are the remain of extinct organisms.
Question: 267
Where does the sodium metal is collected in Down's cell ?
Answer: 267
267-1097Na+ are reduced at cathode and molten Na metal floats on the denser molten salts mixture from where it is collected in aside tube
2Na+ (l) + 2e-➜2Na (l)
Question: 268
Differentiate between diffusion and osmosis .
Answer: 268
268-1097Diffusion : It is the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to the area of lower concentration e.g along concentration gradient
Question: 269
Define emulsification.
Answer: 269
269-1097The breakdown of fat molecules by the bile salt of bile is called emulsification.
Question: 270
Define population?Give example.
Answer: 270
270-1097A population is defines as a group of organisms of the same species located at same place,in the same time.
Question: 271
What is dietary fibres?
Answer: 271
271-1097Dietary fibres (also known as roughage) is the part of human food that is indigestible. It is found only in plant food and it moves undigested through, stomach and small intestine and into colon.
Question: 272
What is synapsis ?
Answer: 272
272-1097The homologous chromosomes line up with each other and form pairs by process called synapsis
Question: 273
What is parasitology?
Answer: 273
273-1097This branch deals with the study of parasites.Parasites are the organisms that take food and shelter from living hosts and in return,harm them.
Question: 274
Define Genetics
Answer: 274
274-1097The study of genes and their roles in inheritance is called genetics Inheritance means the transmission of characters from one generation to the other
Question: 275
What is metaphase plate ?
Answer: 275
275-1097The chromosomes arrange in cell equator and form a plate called a metaphase plate .
Question: 276
Define Orgam?Give Example.
Answer: 276
276-1097Group of tissues doing a particular job e.g.The heart
Question: 277
What is difference between Karyokinesis and cytokinesis
Answer: 277
277-1097Karyokinesis : The division of nucleus is called Karyokinesis. It is the phase of mitotic phase .
Question: 278
Why is Jabir Bin Hayan famous
Answer: 278
278-1097Jabir Bin Hayman: Jabir Bin Hayman was born in Iran He introduced experimental investigation in chemistry and also wrote a number of book on plants and animals His famous books are Al Napata and Al Hayman
Question: 279
What are parasite?
Answer: 279
279-1097An organisms that live on or an another organisms and cause harm to it.
Question: 280
Define Entomology
Answer: 280
280-1097Entomology is the study of insects like Cockroaches aunts etc
Question: 281
Towards which electrode of the electrolytic cell moves the cation and what does they do there ?
Answer: 281
281-1097Cation carry positive charge they move towards the cathode in an electrolytic cell, they gain electrons at cathode an oxidized
Question: 282
Explain Medicine and Surgery Career in Biology
Answer: 282
282-1097Medicine The profession of medicine deal with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases in human
Question: 283
Plants do not make their gametes by meiosis. How is that?
Answer: 283
283-1097Plants' life cycle shows alternation of generations. The cells of diploid sporophyte undergo meiosis to produce haploid spores. which grow into haploid gametophyte generations Gametophyte generation produces haploid gametes through mitosis. The gametes combine to produce diploid zygote. Zygote undergoes repeated mitosis to become diploid sporophyte
Question: 284
A nerve cell after its formation remain in which phase of cell cycle ?
Answer: 284
284-1097In multicellular eukaryotes , cells enter G0 phase from G1 and stop dividing . Some cells remain in G0 for indefinite period e.g the nerve cell is enter in G0 phase of cell cycle
Question: 285
What are the types of coordination organisms ?
Answer: 285
285-1097Nervous coordination such coordination which is done by nervous system. Chemical coordination such coordination which is done by endocrine system
Question: 286
Define ribosome , write their function and structure .
Answer: 286
286-1097These are tiny granular structures that are either floating freely in cytoplasm or are bound to endoplasmic reticulum . These are the sites for protein synthesis . These are made of almost equal amount of proteins and ribosomal RNA
Question: 287
What is gastrin?
Answer: 287
287-1097Some cells of stomach walls release a hormone called gastrin. This hormone enters blood and is distributed to all parts of body. In stomach, it has specific effect and stimulates the gastric glands to secrete more gastric juice.
Question: 288
What is meant by fossiles
Answer: 288
288-1097Fossils are dead remains of extinct organisms and the study of fossils is called paleontology
Question: 289
How can balance diet be related to age?
Answer: 289
289-1097During growth period of the body there is higher metabolic rates in body cells and so the body needs a balanced diet that contains more energy. Adults need less proteins per kg body weight but growing boy or girl needs more protein/kg body weight- similarly children need more calcium and iron for their growing bones and red blood cells respectively.
Question: 290
What is meant by passive diffusion ?
Answer: 290
290-1097This type of diffusion in which molecules differ from membrane slowly without the expenditure of energy called passive diffusion
Question: 291
What is Science
Answer: 291
291-1097Science is the study in which observations are made experiments are done and logical conclusions are drawn in order to understand the principles of nature
Question: 292
Define Biochemistry and Morphology
Answer: 292
292-1097Biochemistry Biochemistry deals with the study of the chemistry of different compounds and chemical reactions occurring in living organisms
Question: 293
Define osmosis
Answer: 293
293-1097It is the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from solution of lesser solute concentration to a solution of higher solute concentration filtrations
Question: 294
What functions performed by oral cavity?Oral cavity is the space behind mouth and it performs following functions:
Answer: 294
294-1097(i) Selection of food
(ii) Grinding of food
(iii) Lubrication
(iv) Digestion
Question: 295
What is coordination ?
Answer: 295
295-1097The tissues or organs in body of multicellular , organisms work together performing their task as the needs of the whole body . This is called coordination . It has two types
1: Chemical coordination
2: Nervous coordination
Question: 296
What is Biogeography
Answer: 296
296-1097Biogeography is the study of occurrence and distribution of different species of living organisms in different geographical regions of the world It applies the knowledge of the characteristics of particular geographical regions to determine the characteristics of living organisms found there
Question: 297
Differentiate between Morphology and physiology
Answer: 297
297-1097Morphology: This branch deals with the study of form and structures of living organisms
Question: 298
How does mitosis significant?
Answer: 298
298-1097Importance of mitosis is the maintenance of chromosomal set i-e each daughter cell receives chromosomes that are alike in composition and equal in number to the chromosomes of parent cell . During the occasions of development and growth , cell replacement , regeneration and asexual reproduction , mitosis happens
Question: 299
What is protein energy malnutrition?(PEM).
Answer: 299
299-1097Protein energy malnutrition means inadequate availablility or absorption of energy and protein in the body. It is the cause of death in children in developing countries.
Question: 300
What are plasmodesmata ? Where are these found in cell?
Answer: 300
300-1097There are pores in the cell walls of adjacent cells , through which their cytoplasm is connected . These pores are called plasmodesmata
Question: 301
Define physiology and anatomy
Answer: 301
301-1097Physiology: This branch deals with the study of the functions of different parts of living organisms
Question: 302
How can balanced diet be related to gender?
Answer: 302
302-1097Gender has an impact on the requirements of a balanced diet. Women have comparatively less metabolic rate than the men of same age and weight. So men need a balanced diet that pros ides comparatively more energy than the women require.
Question: 303
Differentiate between bleds and apoptotic body .
Answer: 303
303-1097Bleds : In apoptosis , cell membrane makes buds which is filled with chromatin bodies them called bleds
Question: 304
Differentiate between Morphology and Histology
Answer: 304
304-1097Morphology: Morphology is the branch of biology that deals with the study of form and structure of organisms
Question: 305
Name different phases of nutrition in helium
Answer: 305
305-1097The nutrition in humans comprises of following phases
1: Ingestion
2: Absorption
3: Digestion
4: Assimilation
5 Ingestion
6: Defecation
Question: 306
Define mitosis and give its one benefit .
Answer: 306
306-1097Mitosis is a type of cell division in which a cell divides into two daughter cells . Each with the same number of chromosomes as was present in parent cell
Question: 307
What are faeces?
Answer: 307
307-1097The solid remains of food which contain undigested material are called faeces. Faeces also contain bacteria, sloughed off cells of alimentary canal, bile pigment and water.
Question: 308
Why endoplasmic reticulum is called rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum ? Or how RER is differ from SER ?
Answer: 308
308-1097RER: Because of its rough appearance due to numerous ribosome that are attached to it ( Endoplasmic reticulum )
SER : Because of its smooth appearance due to absence of ribosome in ER
Question: 309
What is meant by malnutrition?
Answer: 309
309-1097Problems related to nutrition are grouped as malnutrition. It most often refers to under nutrition resulting from inadequate consumption, poor absorption or excessive loss of nutrients. Malnutrition also includes over nutrition, resulting from over eating or excessive intake of specific nutrient.
Question: 310
What is reverse osmosis ?
Answer: 310
310-1097In advanced water-treatment technologies , membrane -based filtration systems are used . In this process , semi-permeable membranes separate salts from water (reverse osmosis )
Question: 311
Differentiate between Cell Biology and Histology
Answer: 311
311-1097Call Biology: The study of the structures and functions of cells and cell organelles is called cell biology This branch also deals with the study of cell division
Question: 312
What products are formed after digestion?
Answer: 312
312-1097Proteins are digested into amino acids, carbohydrates into glucose, lipids into fatty acids and glycerol. .
Question: 313
What is the balanced diet?
Answer: 313
313-1097A balanced diet may be defined as the food, which contains all the essential nutrients in correct proportions for the normal growth and development of the body
Question: 314
Who gave the concept of metabolism first of all?
Answer: 314
314-1097The concept of metabolism was first of all given by Ibn-e-Nafees who stated that the body and its parts are always undergoing change.
Question: 315
What is the role of liver in digestive system?
Answer: 315
315-1097Liver secretes bile, which is stored in gall bladder, when gall bladder contracts ,the, bile is released to duodenum through common duct
Question: 316
What is the difference between cell membrane and plasma membrane ?
Answer: 316
316-1097Cell membrane : When we talk about all the membranes of a cell , we say them as cell membrane
Question: 317
What is difference between Zoology and Botary
Answer: 317
317-1097Zoology: The major division of biology which deals with the study of deals animals is called Zoology
Question: 318
What is meant by molecular biology
Answer: 318
318-1097The study of molecules of life is called molecujlar biology like Protein carbohydrates
Question: 319
What is centromere ? The point at which two sister chromotids are attached is called
Answer: 319
319-1097The point at which two sister chromatids are attached is called centromere
Question: 320
Which diseases are caused by mineral deficiency?
Answer: 320
320-1097(i) Goiter
(ii) Anemia.
Question: 321
What is meant by Bio-Elements
Answer: 321
321-1097Out of the 92 kinds of elements that occur in nature 16 are bioelements These take part in makin the body mass of a living organisms Out of these bioelements Only sex and make of the total mass Other ten One collectively make of the total mass
Question: 322
How stones are formed in kidney?
Answer: 322
322-1097When urine becomes concentrated, crystals of calcium oxalate, calcium and ammonium phosphate, uric acid etc. are formed in it. Such large crystals cannot pass in urine and form hard deposits called kidney stones.
Question: 323
How can constipation be prevented
Answer: 323
323-1097One should take the required quantities of water and dietary fibres
Question: 324
What type of cell division occur during wounds healing?
Answer: 324
324-1097Mitosis occurs when our wounds are healed.
Question: 325
What is Immunology
Answer: 325
325-1097Immunology is the branch of biology which deals with the study of the immune system of animals which defends the body against invading microbes
Question: 326
Which health problems are caused by over intake of nutrients?
Answer: 326
326-1097Over intake of nutrients causes obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular problems, high does of vitamin A causes loss of appetite and liver problems, excess use of calcium result deposition of calcium in various tissues.
Question: 327
Describe the structure and function of Golgi apparatus and lysosomes .
Answer: 327
327-1097Golgi apparatus: An Italian physician Camillo Golgi discovered a set of flattened sacs (cisternae) in cell . In this set , many cisternae are stacked over each other . The complete set of cisternae is called Golgi apparatus or Golgi complex
Question: 328
What is the significance of coordination ?
Answer: 328
328-1097It enables the organisms to respond properly to stimuli . It helps to maintain internal condition which is done by endocrine system
Question: 329
What do you mean by Horticulture an how it is related to Agriculture
Answer: 329
329-1097Horticulture Horticulture profession includes the art of gardening It is related to agriculture because a horticulturist works for the betterment of existing varieties and for the production of new varieties of or amential plants and fruit plants
Question: 330
What are effects of malnutrition?
Answer: 330
330-1097An extended period of malnutrition:
(i) Starvation
(ii) Heart diseases
(iii) Constipation
(iv) Obesity
Question: 331
What is crossing over? Gove its one benefit .
Answer: 331
331-1097Crossing over : The non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes exchange their segments and the phenomenon is known as crossing -over
Question: 332
What is Biosphere level
Answer: 332
332-1097The part of Earth inhabited by organisms communities is known as biosphere It constitutes all ecosystems and is called the zone of life on Earth or biosphere
Question: 333
What are the leading causes of kidney failures?
Answer: 333
333-1097(i) Diabetes mellitus
(ii) Hypertension
(iii) Interruption in blood supply to kidney
(iv) Over dosage of medicines
Question: 334
What is lacteal?
Answer: 334
334-1097Large vessel of lymphatic system is called lacteal.
Question: 335
Why the division in prokaryotes is not called mitosis ?
Answer: 335
335-1097Prokaryotes do not have proper nucleus and do not form spindles during divisions . That is why there divisions is not called mitosis
Question: 336
Differentiate between phagocytosis and pinocytosis
Answer: 336
336-1097Phagocytosis : The process by which a cell , such as a white blood cell , ingests microorganisms , other cells ,and foreign particles
Question: 337
What are major biological issues noweadays
Answer: 337
337-1097Human population growth infectious diseases addictive drug and pollutions are the major biological issues nowadays
Question: 338
What are the symptoms of kidney failure?
Answer: 338
338-1097Symptoms of kidney failure
(i) High level of urea
(ii) Vomiting
(iii) Nausea
(iv) Weight loss
(v) Frequent urination
(vi) Blood in urine
(vii) Swelling of legs, feet and face
(viii) Shortness of breath
Question: 339
Differentiate between saturated and unsaturated spoil fatty acid, give one example .
Answer: 339
339-1097Saturated fatty acid : Theses have all their C-atoms bonded to Haltom's
These solid at room temperature e.g Butter contains 70% saturated fatty acid
Question: 340
What is microscopy ? And who discovered the first microscope ?
Answer: 340
340-1097The use of microscope is known as microscopy . The first compound microscope was developed by Zacharias Janssen , in Holland in 1595 . It was simply a tube with lenses at each end and its magnification ranged from 3X to 9X
Question: 341
What are the major causes of famine?
Answer: 341
341-1097Famine may be due to:
(i) Unequal distribution of food
(ii) Drought
(iii) Flooding
(iv) Increasing population
Question: 342
S. phase of interphase is important and cell can never divide without it . Justify .
Answer: 342
342-1097In S-pahse the cell duplicates its chromosomes the DNA molecules of each chromosomes is copies and new protein molecules are attached the result is that each chromosomes consists of two sisters chromatids , Which contain identical genes . In the absence of s-phase no replication of DNA will result in absence of chromosomes with two sister chromatids . Hence cell division will not occur
Question: 343
Define Genes
Answer: 343
343-1097Genes is unit inheritance It transform genetic informations from one generation to next generation
Question: 344
Name three parts of large intestine.
Answer: 344
344-1097Large Intestine has Three Parts:
(i) Caecum
(ii) Colon
(iii) Rectum
Question: 345
What is neuron or nerve cell , name its types nervous system ?
Answer: 345
345-1097Neuron is the structural and functional unit of nervous system
Types
1: Sensory neuron
2: Motor neuron
3: Inter neuron
Question: 346
What is metastasis ? Write role in cancer
Answer: 346
346-1097The process in which maligant cells (tumors) send the cancer to the parts of body (spreading of disease )
Question: 347
Write twoi uses of surgery
Answer: 347
347-1097In surgery the parts of the body may be repaired
In surgery the parts of the body may be repaired
In surgery the parts of the body may be removed
Question: 348
What is difference between interface and inter phase 2 ?
Answer: 348
348-1097inter phase : Inter phase has S phase to duplicate chromosomes
Question: 349
What is over intake of nutrients?
Answer: 349
349-1097Over intake of nutrients causes a number of health problems. For example high intake of carbohydrates and fats leads to obesity, diabetes, and cardio vascular problems. Similarly high doze of vitamin A causes loss of appetite and deposition of calcium in various tissues
Question: 350
What is dialysis?What are its types?
Answer: 350
350-1097It is the cleaning of blood by artificial methods. (i) Peritoneal dialysis (ii) Haemodialysis
Question: 351
Name three differenced parts of small intestine?
Answer: 351
351-1097i) First part is duodenum, which is 25cm long and here most of the digestive process occurs.
(ii) Second is jejunum, which is 2.4m long which is concerned with the rest of the digestion of the proteins, starch and lipids.
(iii) Last is ileum, which is 3.5m long it is concerned with the absorption of digested food.
Question: 352
Define Anatomy
Answer: 352
352-1097The study of internal structures is called anatomy
Question: 353
Define ganglion
Answer: 353
353-1097Cell bodies of many neurons, form a group enveloped by a membrane. Phis is called ganglion.
Question: 354
How does mutton provide us proteins?
Answer: 354
354-1097When we eat mutton and digest its proteins into amino acids. These amino acids are used to synthesize our proteins.
Question: 355
Describe G1 phase ?
Answer: 355
355-1097After production , cell starts cell cycle with G1 phase . During G1 , cell increases its supply proteins , increase number of its organelles and grow in size . This is marked by synthesis enzymes which are required in next phase
Question: 356
What is spinal cord?
Answer: 356
356-1097It is the continuation of medulla oblongata. It is a tubular bundle of nerves. It consists white matter and central grey matter.
Question: 357
What is kidney failure?
Answer: 357
357-1097It is partially or completely failure of kidney to function.
Question: 358
State cytokinesis
Answer: 358
358-1097The division of cytoplasm is called cytokinesis
Question: 359
Nucleus is visible in interphase while chromosomes are only visible in cell division stage . Why is that?
Answer: 359
359-1097Nuclear membrane breaks during cell division so there is no distinct nucleus . In interphase nuclear material is in the form of the chromatin which condenses during prophase to get the shape of chromosomes
Question: 360
What is meant by pharmacology
Answer: 360
360-1097Pharmacology is the study of drugs and their effects on the system of the human body
Question: 361
What is human alimentary canal?
Answer: 361
361-1097The digestive system of human consists of a long tube that extends from mouth to anus. This tube is called alimentary canal and its main sections are oral cavity. pharynx, oesophagus, stomach small intestine and large intestine. In addition there are many associated gland i.e , salivary glands, liver, pancreas.
Question: 362
Define necrosis
Answer: 362
362-1097Necrosis is accompanied by release of special enzymes from lysosomes the lysosomes enzymes break cellular components and may also be released outside the cells . The cells dead by necrosis and can produce harmful chemicals that damage the other cells
Question: 363
Why carbohydrates are important for man ?
Answer: 363
363-1097Carbohydrates are important for human because it is most common source of energy
Question: 364
What are parasites
Answer: 364
364-1097Parasites are the organisms that take food and shelter from living hosts and in return harm their hosts lives
Question: 365
Differentiate between Environmental Biology and Cell Biology
Answer: 365
365-1097Environmental Biology: The study of interaction of organisms and their environments is called environmental biology
Alternative term for Environmental Biology is Ecology
Question: 366
What are biocatalysts?
Answer: 366
366-1097Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they act as biocatalysts, which speed up and regulate metabolic pathways.
Question: 367
What are preventions of diarrhea?
Answer: 367
367-1097Preventions of diarrhea include taking proper water and essential salts, eating regularly and taking hygienic measures.
Question: 368
Describe Animal Husbandry as career in biology
Answer: 368
368-1097Animal Husbandry: It is the branch of agriculture concerned with the care and breeding of domestic animals
Question: 369
What is diarrhea and write the symptoms?
Answer: 369
369-1097Diarrhea is a condition in which the sufferer has frequent watery, loose bowel movements which are accompanied by abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. It occurs when required water is not absorbed in blood from colon.
Question: 370
What errors may occur in mitosis ?
Answer: 370
370-1097Errors in the control of mitosis may cause cancer . All cells have genes that control the timing and number of mitosis . Sometimes mutation occur in such genes and cells continue to divide . It results in growth of abnormal cells called tumor
Question: 371
What is meant by Taxonomy
Answer: 371
371-1097Taxonomy It is the study of the naming and classification of organisms into groups and subgroups
Question: 372
What is pharynx?
Answer: 372
372-1097A part of alimentary canal through which food in the form of bolus goes and makes special adaptations to prevent the entry of bolus particles in trachea. No digestion takes place in pharynx.
Question: 373
What is difference between bengin and malignant tumor ?
Answer: 373
373-1097Bengin tumor :
1: The tumor which is localized is called bengin
2: The cells of cancer do not invade other tissues of body
Question: 374
Define Population
Answer: 374
374-1097Population A population is defined as a group of organisms of the same species located at the same place in the same time.
Question: 375
Define Habitat
Answer: 375
375-1097Habitat means the area of the environment in which organism lives
Question: 376
What are symptoms of Ulcer?
Answer: 376
376-1097The symptoms of ulcer include abdominal burning after meals or at midnight. Severe ulcers may cause abdominal pain, rush of saliva after an episode of regurgitation, nausea, loss of appetite and weight loss.
Question: 377
Does mitosis takes place in prokaryotes?
Answer: 377
377-1097Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotes cells . Prokaryotes cells undergo a process similar to proper mitosis called Binary fission
Question: 378
What is meant by Bioeconomics
Answer: 378
378-1097Bioecomics deals with the study of organisms from economical point of view For example the cost value and economical point of view For example the cost value and profit value of the yield of wheat can be calculated through bioeconomic
Question: 379
What are villi?
Answer: 379
379-1097There are circular folds in the inner wall of ilium. These folds have numerous finger like projections called Villi. Villi increase the surface area of the inner walls and it helps a lot in the absorption of digested food.
Question: 380
What is S-phase ?
Answer: 380
380-1097In this phase , cell duplicates its chromosomes . As a result each chromosomes consists of two sister chromatids
Question: 381
Name any four careers in Bioogy
Answer: 381
381-1097Medicine, Fisheries, Agriculture, Aimal Husbandry
Question: 382
In which part of the alimentary canal the maximum absorption of nutrients occurs?
Answer: 382
382-1097Small intestine
Question: 383
What are prosthetic groups?
Answer: 383
383-1097The organic cofactors, which are tightly bound to enzymes are called prosthetic groups.
Question: 384
Define Biotechnology
Answer: 384
384-1097Biotechnology deals with the practical application of the living organisms to make substances for the welfare of making i.e the production of insulin from bacteria
Question: 385
What is stomach?
Answer: 385
385-1097The stomach is a dilated part of the alimentary canal which is j-shaped and located in the left ofabdomen, just beneath diaphragm.
It has two main portions.
(i) The cardiac portion is immediately after oesophagus.
(ii) Pyloric portion is located beneath the cardiac portion.
Question: 386
How is cytokinesis different in plant cells as compare the to animal cells?
Answer: 386
386-1097Cytokiaesis in plant cells: .
Crokinesis in plant cells occurs differently. Vesicles derived from the Golgi apparatus ore a t middle of cell and fuse to form a membrane-bounded disc called cell plate or phragmoplast. The grows outs and and more vesicles fuse with it. Finally, membranes of cell plate fuse wide as membrane and its contents join the parental cell wall. The result is two daughter cells, each bounded its own plasma membrane and cell wall.
Question: 387
What are bio element?
Answer: 387
387-1097Element that make the body of living organisms.
Question: 388
Write the names of two tissues present in stomach
Answer: 388
388-1097Epithelial Tissue, Muscular Tissue
Question: 389
What is meant by tumors ?
Answer: 389
389-1097Sometimes mutation occur in such genes and cell contain to divide it results in growth of abnormal cells called tumors
Question: 390
Write sources and deficiency symptoms of Vitamin D ?
Answer: 390
390-1097Fish liver oil , Milk , ghee and butter synthesized by skin .
Deficiency symptoms of vitamin D
Rickets in children ,osteomalacia in adults .
Question: 391
What do you mean by Parasitology and biotechnology
Answer: 391
391-1097parasitology: Parasitology deals with the study of parasites like study of plasmodium
Question: 392
What is the-treatment for diarrhea?
Answer: 392
392-1097The treatment for diarrhea involves consuming adequate amounts of water to replace the loss. preferably mixed with essential salts and some amount of nutrients. Antibiotics may be required if diarrhea is due to bacterial infection.
Question: 393
How are enzymes classified?
Answer: 393
393-1097Enzymes are usually very specific for the type of reaction and for the nature of the substrates.
Question: 394
What is the function of neuron ?
Answer: 394
394-1097Neuron conduct impulses from receptors to coordinators and from coordinators to-effectors
Question: 395
Write down the namesof groups of biomolecules and give example
Answer: 395
395-1097Biomolecules Bioelements in living organisms combine through ionic and covalent bond formation to form stable particles know as biomolecules
Question: 396
What is binary fission ?
Answer: 396
396-1097It is a process in which It is the generation in which one organisms divide into two organisms
Question: 397
What are the major parts of brain?
Answer: 397
397-1097i. Forebrain
ii. Midbrain
iii. Hind brain
Question: 398
Name vegetative and reproductive parts of Mustard Plant
Answer: 398
398-1097Reproductive parts: Flowers
Vegetative parts: Roots, stem, Branches
Question: 399
If due to any reason, the direction of peristalsis reverses, what would be the result?
Answer: 399
399-1097Vomiting
Question: 400
Ware are receptors ? Give example .
Answer: 400
400-1097Cells , tissues or organs of body which detect stimuli are called receptors e.g sound waves are detected by ear , light is detected by eyes, taste is detected by taste buds on tongue
Question: 401
Differentiate between somatic cells and germ like cells .
Answer: 401
401-1097Somatic cells : Somatic cells are those which form the body of organism . Somata cells undergo mitosis
Question: 402
What is Farming
Answer: 402
402-1097It deals with the development and maintenance of different type of farm For example in some farms animal breeding technologies are used for the production of animals which are better protein and milk source In poultry farms chicken and effs are produced Similarly in fruit farms different fruit yielding plants are grown A studding who has gone through the professional course of agriculture animal husbandry or fisheries can adopt this profession.
Question: 403
What is autonomic system?
Answer: 403
403-1097It is responsible for the activities, which are not under conscious control. It consist, of motor neurons that send signals to cardiac muscles. smooth muscles and glands. It consists of sympathetic and parasympathetic system.
Question: 404
Write any three, functions of liver.
Answer: 404
404-1097(i) Destroys old red blood cells.
(ii) Converts ammonia to less toxic form i.e. urea.
(iii) t ore blood clotting proteins called fibrinogen.
Question: 405
Define meiosis
Answer: 405
405-1097Meiosis is the process by which one diploid eukaryotic cell divide to generate four 11,04 daughter cells. It usually happens during gamete formation.
Question: 406
Define Socio-biology
Answer: 406
406-1097Socio biology is the branch of biology that deals with the study of social behavior of animals that make societies
Question: 407
Differentiate between diploid and haploid cells.
Answer: 407
407-1097Diploid
It means the cells in which chromosomes are in pairs
Example: in somatic cells.
Question: 408
is protein formed and what is its function in the body ?
Answer: 408
408-10971: Proteins are composed of amino acids
2: They play a role as enzymes
3: They can be used for gaining energy
4: We use protein for growth
Question: 409
Write examples of complex communities
Answer: 409
409-1097grater number and size of populations
Question: 410
Which three secretions are present in small intestine?
Answer: 410
410-1097(i) Bile from liver helps in the digestion of lipids. Pancreatic juice from pancreas, which contain trypsin, pancreatic amylase and lipids, which digest protein, carbohydrate and lipids respectively.
(ii) Intestinal juice from intestine walls which contain many enzyme for complete digestion of all kinds of food.
Question: 411
S.Write two advantages of apoptosis
Answer: 411
411-10971: Apoptosis can occur when a cell is damaged or undergoes stress conditions
Question: 412
What do you know about the profession Agriculture
Answer: 412
412-1097Agriculture profession deals with the food crops and the animals which are the source of food An agriculturist works for the battement of Crops like wheat nce corn etc and animals like buffalo cow etc from which we get food in Pakistan there are many universities which offer professional courses on agriculture
Question: 413
What is meant by churning?
Answer: 413
413-1097The process, in which the walls of the stomach contract and relax and mix food and gastric juice. is called churning. During this process heat is produced which help to melt the lipids of food.
Question: 414
Who first used the term enzymes?
Answer: 414
414-1097In 1878, German Physiologist Winhelm Kuhne first used the term enzyme.
Question: 415
Write achievements of Bu Ali Sine in Biology
Answer: 415
415-1097He is honored as the founder of medicine and called as Avicenna in the west He was a physician philosopher astronomer and poet One of his books Al Qanoon fil-tib is known as canon of medicine in west
Question: 416
How bacteria present in colon are important?
Answer: 416
416-1097Bacteria in colon produce vitamin K, which is important in coagulation of blood.
Question: 417
How does change in pH affect activity of enzymes?
Answer: 417
417-1097Enzymes are mostly proteins; change in pH can affect the ionization of the amino acids at the active site. A slight change in pH causes retardation in enzyme activity or blocks it completely.
Question: 418
Differentiate between Macromolecules and Macromolecules with example
Answer: 418
418-1097Macromolecules: Molecules with low molecular weight are called macromolecules
Question: 419
Which of the major component of food is needed as the main structural component of the body?
Answer: 419
419-1097Protein is needed as main structural component of the body.
Question: 420
What do you know about outer layer of eye ball?
Answer: 420
420-1097i. It consists of sclera and cornea.
ii. Sclera gives eye most of its white colour. In front, it forms a transparent cornea.
iii. Cornea admits light to interior of .eye and bends light rays so that they can be brow to a focus.
Question: 421
How is the activity of an enzyme affected?
Answer: 421
421-1097File activity of an enzyme is affected by any change in conditions that alters its chemistry and its shape
Question: 422
Define Colonial Organization and give example
Answer: 422
422-1097Colonial Organization: In colonial type of cellular do not have any division of labour amony them Each unicellular organismal in a colony lives its own life and does not depend on other cells for its vital requirements
Question: 423
How rhodopsin is synthesized?
Answer: 423
423-1097Body synthesizes rhodopsin from vitamin A.
Question: 424
Which reactions proceed faster?Enzymes or non-enzymatic
Answer: 424
424-1097Most enzyme reaction rates are millions of time faster than those of comparable uncatalysed reaction.
Question: 425
Where are faeces stored?
Answer: 425
425-1097Faeces are temporarily stored in the rectum which opens out through anus-under normal condition, when rectum is filled up with faeces, it gives rise to a reflex and anus is opened for defectation.
Question: 426
Name famous books of jabar Bin Hayan and Abdul Malik Asmal
Answer: 426
426-1097Al-Nabatat and Al-Hayman are written by jabir Bin-Hayan Famous books written by Abdul Malik Asma were Al-abil Camel Al khail Horses Al Whoosh animal
Question: 427
What is stimulus ? Give example
Answer: 427
427-1097Any change in external or internal environment which can provoke a response is called stimulus e.g heat ,cold , pressure , sound , waves etc
Question: 428
What is phragmoplast ?
Answer: 428
428-1097In plant cell , during cytokinesis , vesicles derived from the Golgi apparatus move to the middle of cell and fuse to form a membrane bounded disc called cell plate or phragmoplast
Question: 429
Differentiate between autotrophic organisms and heterotrophic ?
Answer: 429
429-1097Autotrophic organisms : Autotrophs are plants and organisms prepare their own food . Examples plants
Question: 430
What is Organ System
Answer: 430
430-1097Organ System Different organs performing related functions are organized together in the form of an organ system In an organ system each organ carries out its specific function and the functions of all organs appear as the function of the organ system
Question: 431
What are products?
Answer: 431
431-1097products? The molecules, which are produced after the action of enzymes on substrate molecules are called products
Question: 432
What is the scientific name of mustard plant Describe its twoi advantages
Answer: 432
432-1097The scientific name of Mustard plant is brassica composters This plant is sown in winter and it produces seeds at the end of winter
Question: 433
Write the role of phosphorous and zinc in plant ?
Answer: 433
433-1097Phosphorous : Component of ATP nuclei acids and coenzymes , necessary for seed germination , photosynthesis , protein formation etc .
Question: 434
Describe any four sources of proteins .
Answer: 434
434-1097Meat, eggs , grains , legumes
Question: 435
What is interphase?
Answer: 435
435-1097The time when a cell's metabolic activity is very high is called interphase. It has 3 phase. (i) Gl phase (ii) G2 phase (iii) S-Phase
Question: 436
What are sensory neurons?
Answer: 436
436-1097SN(s) conduct sensory information from receptors to CNS, SN(s) have one dendrite and one axon.
Question: 437
What are Iris and Pupil?
Answer: 437
437-1097Behind cornea. choroid bends to form a muscular ring called Iris. The centre of this iris is called pupil. Light first pass through pupil.
Question: 438
Write down any two advantages of fibrous food .
Answer: 438
438-10971: It helps in constipation
2: It helps in lowering cholesterol levels
Question: 439
Define Biophysics
Answer: 439
439-1097Biophysics: It deals with the study of principles of physics which are applicable to biological phenomena
Question: 440
Is it possible to reverse the events of the cell cycle ?
Answer: 440
440-1097The events of cell cycle are ordered and directional i-e each event occurs in a sequential fashion and it is impossible to ' reverse' the cycle
Question: 441
1: Name the lobes of cerebrum (cerebral cortex)
Answer: 441
441-1097: i. Frontal
ii. Occipital
iii. Parietal
iv. Temporal.
Question: 442
Name the part of Human alimentary canal
Answer: 442
442-1097Oral cavity , phyrance , esophague , stomachs , small intestine , large intestine and salivary gland
Question: 443
What is bengin tumors ?
Answer: 443
443-1097bengin tumors as long as these tumors remain in their original location , they are called bengin tumors
Question: 444
Write two functions of muscular tissue
Answer: 444
444-1097Muscular tissue moves the bones of skeleton
Muscular tissue makes heart beat
Question: 445
Define reflex action.
Answer: 445
445-1097The fast involuntary action in which spinal cord act as a coordinator
Question: 446
What are Schwann cells?What is their role?
Answer: 446
446-1097These are special neuroglial cell located along axons and secrete myelin sheath. The myelin sheath is an insulator,
Question: 447
How is ulcer treated?
Answer: 447
447-1097Ulcer is treated with medicines which neutralize the acidic affects of gastric juice.
Question: 448
What are the functions of hypothalamus?
Answer: 448
448-1097i. Links nervous system and exocrine system
ii. Controls pituitary gland
iii. Metabolic processes
iv. Controls feelings, like rage and, pleasure and sorrow
Question: 449
What is appendix?
Answer: 449
449-1097A non-functional finger-like process called appendix arises from the blind end of caecum. Inflammation of appendix due to infection causes severe pain. The infected appendix must be removed surgically otherwise it may burst and inflammation
Question: 450
Write down two names of each plant and animal tissues
Answer: 450
450-1097Ground and vascular tissues are the plant tissues Nervous and Muscular tissues are the animal tissues
Question: 451
What is the difference between meiosis and meiosis 1 ?
Answer: 451
451-1097Meiosis :
1: Ni pairing of homologus chromosomes
2: Single chromosomes align to form metaphase plate
3: Daughter cell contain diploid number of chromosomes
Question: 452
What is the composition of PNS?
Answer: 452
452-1097It is composed of nerves and ganglia. Nerves are of mo tspes, spinal and cranial nerves.
Question: 453
What do you know about liver?
Answer: 453
453-1097Ans: Liver is the largest gland of body. It is multi-lobed and dark reddish in appearance. It %%eight 1.5 kg and is the size of a football. It lies beneath the diaphragm on the right side of abdomen. Its right lobe is larger than left lobe. A pear shaped greenish yellow sac i.e. gall bladder lies along the right lobe of liver on ventral side.
Question: 454
Define apoptosis .
Answer: 454
454-1097Apoptosis is one of the main types of programmed cells death , during apoptosis , cells shrinks and becomes rounded due to the breakdown of cytoskeleton by enzymes . It chromatin undergoes condensation and nuclear envelope breaks
Question: 455
Write down the levels of organization is sequence
Answer: 455
455-1097Sub atomic and Atomic level, Molecular level, Organelle and cell level, Tissue level, Organ and Organ system level. Organism level, Population level, Community level, Biosphere level
Question: 456
What are the cause of anemia and goiter disease of man ?
Answer: 456
456-1097Deficiency of iron and iodine cause anaemia and goiter diseases of man
Question: 457
Define G2 phase .
Answer: 457
457-1097In this phase , a cell prepares protein that are essential for mitosis . After G2 phase of interphase cell enters the division phase
Question: 458
Write two industrial uses of enzyme.
Answer: 458
458-1097Food Industry: Enzymes that break starch into simple sugars are used in the production of white bread. buns etc. (Amylase).
Question: 459
Define saltatory impulse. What its importance?
Answer: 459
459-1097In myelinated neurons, impulse jumps over the areas without myelin going from node to node. Such impulse is called saltatory impulses. It increases the speed of nerve impulse.
Question: 460
Differentiate between digestion and defecation .
Answer: 460
460-1097The process of breaking up complex substances into simple substances is called digestion
Elimination in undigested food from the body called defecation
Question: 461
Which models explain the mechanism of enzyme action?
Answer: 461
461-1097Two models have been proposed to explain the mechanism of enzyme action.
(i ) Lock and key model (ii) Induced fit model
Question: 462
What is cerebral cortex?
Answer: 462
462-1097Upper surface of cerebral hemispheres is called cerebral cortex. It consists of grey matter. It has four lobes
i. Frontal lobe
ii. Parietal lobe
iii. Temporal lobe
iv. Occipital lobe
Question: 463
What are the parts of neurons ?
Answer: 463
463-1097Neurons consists of two parts cell body and fibers . Cell body consists of nucleus and cytoplasm . Fibers are of two types , dendrites and axons
Question: 464
What are causes of diarrhea?
Answer: 464
464-1097The main causes of diarrhea include lack of adequate safe water. Diarrhea is also caused by viral or bacterial infections of large intestine.
Question: 465
Birds have higher body temperature than mammals. What would ha' en to the activity of a bird's enzyme if it is given temperature of 37°C.
Answer: 465
465-1097Reaction will slow down.
Question: 466
Name the parts of forebrain
Answer: 466
466-1097i. Thalamus
ii. Hypothalamus
Question: 467
What is iodopsin?
Answer: 467
467-1097Cones contain a pigment called iodopsin.
Question: 468
What is Community Level
Answer: 468
468-1097Community Level: A community is an assemble of different population interacting with one another within the same environment
Question: 469
How do enzymes lower the activation energy?
Answer: 469
469-1097Enzymes lower the activation energy in several ways. • They may alter the shape of substrate and reduce the requirement of energy for this change. • Some enzymes do so by disrupting the charge distribution on substrates. • Enzymes may also lower activation energy by bringing substrates in the correct rientation to react
Question: 470
What is the function of parasympathetic system?
Answer: 470
470-1097i. It slows down the overall activity of body.
ii. It causes pupils to contract.
iii. It promotes digestion.
iv. It slows the rate of heartbeat.
Question: 471
Give causes of obesity
Answer: 471
471-1097Obesity means becoming over-weight and it may also be due to malnutrition . People who take food that contains energy more than their requirements and do very little physical work can become obese . Obesity is known as the mother-disease and may lead to heart problem hypertensions , diabetes etc
Question: 472
What are the functions of sympathetic system?
Answer: 472
472-1097It prepares body to deal with emergency situations "fight or flight response". During an emergency situation, this system takes necessary actions. For example it dilates pupils, accelerates heartbeat. increases breathing rate and inhibits digestion.
Question: 473
What are preventive measures of Ulcer?
Answer: 473
473-1097Spicy. acidic foods and smoking should be avoided as preventive measures.
Question: 474
Define chiasmata?
Answer: 474
474-1097During meiosis the two non-sister chromatids of homologuous chromosomes join together certain points along their length . These points of attraction are called chiasmata
Question: 475
What is optic disc or blind spot?
Answer: 475
475-1097Optic disc is a point on retina where the optic nerve enters retina. No pin insensitive cells exist at this point, so it is called blind spot.
Question: 476
What is the main use of enzymes in paper industry?
Answer: 476
476-1097Paper Industry: Enzyme break starch to lower its viscosity that aids in making paper.
Question: 477
Write comparison between cell level and tissue level
Answer: 477
477-1097Cell level: Cell or cell level organization is a unit of structure and function of living organisms
A cell level organization is composed of different subcellular organelles performing specific functions
Question: 478
What are causes of constipation?
Answer: 478
478-1097The main causes of constipation include excessive absorption of water through colon. insufficient intake of dietary fibre, dehydration, use of medicines (e.g. those containing iron. calcium and almunium)and tumours in rectum or anus
Question: 479
What is meant by denaturation of enzyme?
Answer: 479
479-1097When temperature is raised above the optimum temperature, the heat energy increases the vibrations of atoms of enzyme molecules and globular structure of enzyme is lost. This is known as denaturation of enzyme.
Question: 480
Define Metabolism.
Answer: 480
480-1097The set of biochemical reactions that occur in living organism in order to maintain life is called metabolism.
Types: They are two types of metabolism
(i) Anabolism (ii) Catabolism I.
Question: 481
What is species
Answer: 481
481-1097Species: A species is a group of organisms which can interbreed freely among them and can reproduce fertile offering but are reproductively isolated from all other such groups in nature Basic unit or category of classification is species
Question: 482
Give the role of bile in indigestion .
Answer: 482
482-1097Bile from liver help in digestion of lipids through emulsification by keeping : croplets separate from another
Question: 483
Define reproduction
Answer: 483
483-1097Reproduction is a biological process by which living things produce the individuals of the same species i-e the next generation of species
The most basic characteristics of life is reproduction , reproduction occurs at different levels of organizations . Parts of cell such as chromosomes produce new chromosomes ,cells produce new cells this all involve in reproduction
Question: 484
Define nerve impulse ?
Answer: 484
484-1097A nerve is waves of electrochemical changes which travels along the length of neurons
Question: 485
Differentiate between pepsin and pepsinogen .
Answer: 485
485-1097Pepsin is an enzyme which digest protein in stomach cavity
Question: 486
What is retina?
Answer: 486
486-1097It is inner layer of eye ball. It contains rods and cones and associated neurons.
Question: 487
How can constipation be treated?
Answer: 487
487-1097Treatment of constipation is with a change in dietary and exercise habits. The medicines called laxatives (e.g. paraffin) are used for treatment.
Question: 488
What is the role of thalamus?
Answer: 488
488-1097Relay centre between parts of brain & spinal cord receives and modifies sensory impulses before they travel to cerebrum. Pain perception and consciousness.
Question: 489
What is sunlight energy? Write its function in plants?
Answer: 489
489-1097Sunlight energy is absorbed by chlorophyll . It is then converted into chemical energy which derives the photosynthesis process . The light rays of different wave lengths are not only differently absorbed by photosynthetic pigments but are also differently effective in photosynthesis . The blue and red lights carry out more photosynthesis
Question: 490
What are the functions of spinal cord?
Answer: 490
490-1097i. It serves as a link between body parts and brain. ii. It acts as a coordinating centre, responsible for simple reflexes
Question: 491
Explain that electrons can be source of energy during oxidation reduction reaction ?
Answer: 491
491-1097During light reaction of photosynthesis the electrons are emitted first from the thylakoid membrane and then these electrons are passes through the electron transport chain also and help in the formation of energy rich molecules like ATP and NADPH
Question: 492
Differentiate between Species and Habitat
Answer: 492
492-1097Species: Species is a group of organisms which can interbreed among themselves to produce fertile offspring
Question: 493
What is drought ? Write down any of its two demerits
Answer: 493
493-10971: A drought is a period of time when there is not enough water to support agricultural and human needs
Question: 494
What are effectors ? Give example .
Answer: 494
494-1097These are the parts of body which receive messages from coordination and produce particular response , e.g muscles and glands
Question: 495
Write the role of calcium and potassium in plants life ?
Answer: 495
495-1097Potassium
Regulates the opening and closing of the stomata , reduces water loss from the leaves
Calcium
Activates enzymes , is a structural component of cell wall , influences water movement in cells .
Question: 496
Are all biochemical catalysts proteins?
Answer: 496
496-1097All biochemical catalysts are not proteins, for example some RNA molecules also catalyze reactions
Question: 497
What is response ?
Answer: 497
497-1097A response is the action performed by effectors in receiving the message from coordination e.g with drawl of hand from hot object
Question: 498
What is the optimum temperature for human enzymes?
Answer: 498
498-1097The optimum temperature for the maximum working speed of human enzymes in 37°C.
Question: 499
What are motor neurons?
Answer: 499
499-1097MN(s) carry information from interneurons to effectors.
Question: 500
Enlist four sources of Vitamin D .
Answer: 500
500-1097Fish , liver oil milk , ghee (butter) synthesized by skin
Question: 501
Which are factors that can affect the rate of enzymes reaction?
Answer: 501
501-1097Temperature. substrate concentration and pii affect the rate of enzyme reaction.
Question: 502
What is brain stem?
Answer: 502
502-1097The medulla oblongata, pons and midbrain connect the rest of brain to spinal cord collectively called brain stem
Question: 503
What are the components of coordinated action?
Answer: 503
503-10971: Stimulus
2:Receptor
3: Coordinator
4: Effector
5: Response
Question: 504
What is eutrophication ? What is its effect on earth ?
Answer: 504
504-1097Eutrophication is defined as increase in chemical nutrient in an ecosystem . The extra amount chemical nutrients may cause of increase of soul activity
Question: 505
Define cofactor and coenzyme
Answer: 505
505-1097The non-protein molecules or ions, which are required by enzymes to show full activity, are called cofactors. Cofactors may be inorganic (e.g. metal ions) or organic (e.g. flavin and heme)
Question: 506
Define nerve. What are its types?
Answer: 506
506-1097A nerve is formed by union' of several axons that are enveloped by lipid layer. Types: nerves i. Sensoryrves Motor nerves iii. Mixed nerves
Question: 507
Define fovea what is its functions?
Answer: 507
507-1097It is a dip in retina. directly opposite to lens and is densely packed with cone cells. Function: It is responsible for colour vision in humans and enable high sharpness such as is necessary in reading.
Question: 508
Will an enzyme which act on proteins, also act on starch?
Answer: 508
508-1097No. amylase will act on starch only to break it into glucose molecules and protease Will break ' down protein only. Similarly lipases break down fats into fatty acids and glycerol
Question: 509
Write down the scientific name of Crow and Frog
Answer: 509
509-1097Frog Rana tigrine
House Crow: Corus splendens
Question: 510
Differentiate between organic and inorganic fertilizers.
Answer: 510
510-1097Organic fertilizerOrganic fertilizers are derived from plants and animals. They are more complex and take time to be broken down into forms usable by Plants.
Mature and compast are used as organic fertilizers
They can increase soil drainage aeration and soi ability to hold-nutrient
Question: 511
Differentiate between anabolism and catabolism
Answer: 511
511-1097Anabolism
includes the biochemical reactions in which larger molecules are reactions in which larger molecules are it synthesized. Energy is utilized in broken down. Usually energy is released in anabolism_ catabolism.
Examaple: Photosynthesis
Question: 512
What is the role of medulla' oblongata?
Answer: 512
512-1097i. Controls breathing, heart rate and blood pressure.
ii. Controls vomiting. coughing sneezing.
Question: 513
What is induced fit model?
Answer: 513
513-1097According to this model, active site is not a rigid structure rather it is molded into required shape to perform its function. Induced fit model is more acceptable than "lock and key" model of enzyme action.
Question: 514
What is optics ? Who is regarded as father of optics ?
Answer: 514
514-1097Optics refers to the study of behavior of light . Ibn-Al-Haytham is regarded as father of optics
Question: 515
The orgn system level of animals is more complex than plants
Answer: 515
515-1097Organs performing similar functions in multicellular organism organize together to form organ system level The organ system level of animals is more complex than plants because animals have to perform greater functions and activities than plants
Question: 516
Write the names of disorder of gut .
Answer: 516
516-10971: Diarrohea
2: Constipation
3: Ulcer
Question: 517
How does pupil constrict and dilate in bright and dim light.
Answer: 517
517-1097i. Pupil constricts in bright light when the circular muscles of iris contract. Pupil dilates in dim light when radial muscles of iris contract.
Question: 518
Which molecule is called energy currency of a cell write name major its major parts.
Answer: 518
518-1097ATP is a energy currency of a cell. Each ATP molecule has three subunits: (a) adenine - a double ringed nitrogenous base
(b) a ribose - a five carbon sugar; and
(c) three phosphate groups in a linear chain.
Question: 519
What is constipation?
Answer: 519
519-1097Constipation is a condition where a person experiences hard faeces that are difficult to eliminate.
Question: 520
Define optimum temperature.
Answer: 520
520-1097The specific temperature at which an enzyme works at its maximum rate is called as optimum temperature of that enzyme. Example: The optimum temperature for the maximum working speed of human enzymes is 37oC
Question: 521
Define myopia (short sight) . How this problem is corrected ?
Answer: 521
521-1097The elongation of eye ball results in myopia such persons are not able o see distant objects clearly .This image of a distant object is formed behind retina . This problem can be corrected by using convex lens
Question: 522
Differentiate between population and community
Answer: 522
522-1097Population: A population is defined as a group of organisms of the same species located at the same place
Question: 523
What is ulcer?
Answer: 523
523-1097Ulcer (peptic ulcer) is a sore in the inner wall of gut (in stomach, oesophagus or duodenum). In ulcer, the acidic gastric juice gradually breaks down the tissue of the inner wall.
Question: 524
What is the function of pinna ?
Answer: 524
524-1097It helps to direct the sound waves into auditory canal
Question: 525
How do organisms get energy?
Answer: 525
525-1097Organisms obtain energy by metabolizing the food they eaf or prepare. Food con potential energy in its bonds. When these bonds are broken down, a large amount of kinetic energy is released. Some of this energy is stored in the form of potential energy bonds of ATP molecules while the rest escapes as heat
Question: 526
Define Tissue and organ also give example
Answer: 526
526-1097Tissues In multicellular organisms tissues can be defined as a group of similar cells specialized for the performance of a common function
Question: 527
How water is an important for our diet ?
Answer: 527
527-1097Water also functions as the environment in which water soluble food stuff is adsorbed in the intestine and the waste products are eliminated in urine
Question: 528
What are peptide bonds?
Answer: 528
528-1097The forces of attraction, which hold amino acids to form proteins, are called peptide bond
Question: 529
Write the symptoms of goiter and Anaemia ?
Answer: 529
529-1097If sufficient iodine is not available a person diet thyroid gland became enlarge and cause in swallowing of Neck . If body fails to receive amount of iron adequate no of hemoglobin molecular are nor formed . Then the patient is weak and there is a shortage oxygen supply
Question: 530
Define opthalmology .
Answer: 530
530-1097It is the branch of science which deals with the study of disease and surgery of eyes
Question: 531
In What ways the respiratory energy is used in the body of organisms?
Answer: 531
531-1097All organisms need free energy for performing different activities and running various process of metabolism. The energy released by the process of respiration is utilized by different cellular activities such as:
(i) For the synthesis of proteins.
(ii) For the process of active transport.
(iii) For maintaining the temperature of body
(iv) For mechanical work (Contraction of muscles & beating of cilia and flagella). (v) For the process of phagocytosis.
(vi) For the process of pinocytosis.
(vii) For the process of exocytosis.
Question: 532
What are nodes of Ranvier?
Answer: 532
532-1097The areas of myelin on a axon, there are non-myelinated points, called the nodes of Ranvier.
Question: 533
What is over intake of nutrients
Answer: 533
533-1097(OIN) is a form of malnutrition in which more nutrients are taken than the amounts required for normal growth , development and metabolism
Question: 534
What is the difference between intracellular and extra cellular enzymes?
Answer: 534
534-1097Intracellular
The enzymes. which work inside the cell. are called intracellular enzyme e.g. enzymes of glycolysis working in cytoplasm.
Question: 535
What is cerebrum?What is its function?
Answer: 535
535-1097It is the largest part of brain.
Functions :
It control skeletal muscles, thinking, intelligence and emotions.
Question: 536
Write down the scientific name of Frog and two characteristic
Answer: 536
536-1097The scientific name of Frog is Rana tigrine
Question: 537
What is the function of vitamin C in the body ?
Answer: 537
537-1097Vitamin C in white blood cells enables the immune system of function properly . It is needed to form the collagen a fibrous protein )that gives strenght to connective tissues
Question: 538
Who proposed Lock and Key model and induced lit model of enzyme action?
Answer: 538
538-1097A German chemist Emil Fischer in 1894, proposed the lock and key model. In 1958 an American biologist Daniel Koshland proposed the induced fit model, which was a modification of lock and key model.
Question: 539
What is somatic nervous system?
Answer: 539
539-1097It controls conscious and voluntary actions. It includes all of the motor neurons that conduct impulses from CNS to skeletal muscles.
Question: 540
What are coordination ?
Answer: 540
540-1097These are the organs that receive information from receptors and send messages to particular organs for proper action . Brain and spinal cord are coordinators in case of nervous coordination and endocrine , glands are coordinators in chemical coordination
Question: 541
Write role of calcium and fluoride in human body ?
Answer: 541
541-1097Calcium activates enzymes and it is also needed for maintaining cell membranes and connective tissues and for activation of several enzymes . Fluoride stabilizes bone mineral and hardens the tooth enamel
Question: 542
Write four names of unicellular organisams
Answer: 542
542-1097Unicellular Organisms consist of only Sigle cell
A single cell perform all functions and activities of an organism
Question: 543
What is the function of lens of eye?
Answer: 543
543-1097It focuses light on retina and produce image an it.
Question: 544
Who discovered the ATP molecule ? What is the function in cell?
Answer: 544
544-1097The major energy currency of all cells is a nucleotide called adenosine triphosphate (ATP) . It is main energy source for majority of the cellular functions like synthesis of macro molecules endocytosis etc . It has ability to store and release energy . It was discovered in 1929 by Karl Lorhmann and was proposed to be main energy transfer molecule in the cell by the noble prize winner , Fritz Lipmann in 1941
Question: 545
What are interneurpns?
Answer: 545
545-1097IN(s) from brain and spinal cord. These neurons receive information, interpret, them and stimulate motor neurons.
Question: 546
What are dark reactions?
Answer: 546
546-1097During second phase of photosynthesis, carbon dioxide is reduced to make glucose. In his phase, the energy from high energy molecules (ATP and NADPI I) is utilized. Since these reactions do not use light directly, they are known as dark reactions. These reactions take place in the stroma of chloroplasts'
Question: 547
What are the major components of nervous system ?
Answer: 547
547-10971: Central nervous system ( Brain and spinal cord )
2: Peripheral nervous system (nerves and ganglia )
Question: 548
What is colorblindness?
Answer: 548
548-1097Cones recognize the primary colours are blue green and red. Damages to these pigments result in colour blindness. I his is genetic problem in which person is unable to distinguish between different colour.
Question: 549
How is energy released from ATP ?
Answer: 549
549-1097Energy is released as bonds between phosphate groups of ATP are broken down . When one phosphate group separates . ATP is changed to ADP and 7.3k Calories /mole of ATP is formed
Question: 550
How brain is protected?
Answer: 550
550-1097Brain is protected by i. Cranium iii. Cerebrospinal fluid
Question: 551
Name the parts of hind brain.
Answer: 551
551-1097Medulla oblongata
ii. Cerebellum
iii. Pons
Question: 552
What are the main causes of constipation ?
Answer: 552
552-1097Excessive absorption of water through colon, insufficient intake of dietary ,fibre , dehydration ,use of medicine and tumors in rectum and anus
Question: 553
Define activators.
Answer: 553
553-1097The substance, which increase or speed up the activity of enzymes are called activators.
Question: 554
Write the names of two juices secreted in small intestine of man
Answer: 554
554-1097Pancreatic juice , intestinal juice
Question: 555
Differentiate between spinal and cranial nerves.
Answer: 555
555-1097Cranial Nerves
1. Those nerves which arise from Brain are called as cranial nerves.
2. There are twelve pairs of cranial Nerves which are some sensory Some motor and some mix.
Question: 556
Write the names of vegetative organs of Plants
Answer: 556
556-1097Roots, stem branches and leaves are the vegetative organs of plants which do not take part in the sexual reproduction of the plant
Question: 557
What structures and phenomena are involved in the intake of carbon dioxide and water by plants?
Answer: 557
557-1097Intake of Water and Carbon dioxide
Intake of Water: Water and carbon dioxide are the raw materials of photosynthesis. Plants have mechanisms for the intake and transport of these raw materials. Water, present in soil, is absorbed by roots and root hairs through osmosis. This eater is eventually transported to leaves through xylem vessels.
Question: 558
Define ATP and who discovered ATP?
Answer: 558
558-1097The major energy currency of all cells is a nucleotide called adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP was discovered in 1929 by Karl Lohmann.
Question: 559
What is the result of denaturation of enzymes?
Answer: 559
559-1097Denaturation of enzymes results in rapid decrease in the rate of enzymes action and it may be blocked completely.
Question: 560
Write two adverse effect carbonated soft drink
Answer: 560
560-1097There is a growing concern about the harmful effects of carbonated soft drinks . They are very acidic and make our bodies poor in oxygen . They contain phosphoric acid which dissolves calcium out of the bones . This results in bones weakening . The caffeine present in colas increase the heart rate and raises blood pressure
Question: 561
What is optimum pH?
Answer: 561
561-1097A narrow range of pH at which all enzymes work at their maximum rate is called optimum pH.
Question: 562
What are rods and cones?
Answer: 562
562-1097These are photosensitive cells. Rods are sensitive to dim light while cones are sensitive to bright light and so distinguish different colours.
Question: 563
What is lock and key model?
Answer: 563
563-1097According to this model. both enzyme and substrate possess specific shapes that fit exactly into one another. This model explains enzyme specificity.
Question: 564
What are substrates ?
Answer: 564
564-1097The molecules , at which enzymes act is called substrates
Question: 565
What is the role of eyelids and eyelashes?
Answer: 565
565-1097i. Eye lids wipe eyes and prevent dehydration.
ii. Eyelash prevents fine particles from entering the eye.
Question: 566
Give two examples of eye disorders
Answer: 566
566-1097i. Myopia (short sightedness)
I Hypermetropia (Long sightedness)
Question: 567
For what purpose xylem cells are responsible?.
Answer: 567
567-1097Xylem tissue is responsible for the transport of water and dissolved substances from roots to aerial parts.
Question: 568
What are redox reactions?
Answer: 568
568-1097The oxidation and reduction reactions always run simultaneously and are called redox reaction. Redox reactions are direct source of energy for all life processes. Redox reactions involve exchange of electrons between atoms.
Question: 569
What is vitreous humour?
Answer: 569
569-1097The posterior chamber of cavity of eye contains a jelly like fluid which is called vitreous humour
Question: 570
What are limiting factors in photosynthesis ? Give two example
Answer: 570
570-1097Any environmental factor the absence or deficiency of which can decrease the rate of a metabolic reaction , is called limiting factor for that reaction
Question: 571
What are the major cause of ulcer ?
Answer: 571
571-1097Long term use of anti-inflammatory medicines ,smoking , drinking coffee ,coals and eating spicy foods
Question: 572
Write down the summary of the events of light reactions.
Answer: 572
572-1097When chlorophyll molecules absorb light. their energy level increases and their electrons are emitted.
• Electrons are passed to electron transport chain to produce ATP.
Light also breaks water molecule and oxygen is released. The hydrogen atoms of water give electrons to chlorophyll and become ions.
The electrons of chlorophyll, after the production of ATP, and the hydrogen ions of water are used for the reduction of NADI)* into NADPH.
Question: 573
In which industries enzymes are extensively used for fast chemical reactions?
Answer: 573
573-1097Enzymes are extensively used in: (i) Food industry (ii) Brewing industry (iii) Paper industry (iv) Biological detergents
Question: 574
Differentiate between major minerals and trace minerals .
Answer: 574
574-1097Major minerals : Major minerals are required in the amounts of 100mg (milligrams) or more per day
Question: 575
16. Define active site.
Answer: 575
575-1097Only a small portion of enzyme molecules is directly involved in catalysis. This catalytic region is known as active site.
Question: 576
Differentiate between vegetative and reproductive organs
Answer: 576
576-1097The difference between vegetative and reproductive organs are given below
Question: 577
At which pH pepsin and trypsin work?
Answer: 577
577-1097Pepsin (working in stomach) is active in acidic medium (low pH) and trypsin (working in small intestine) shows its activity in alkaline medium (high pH)
Question: 578
What is choroid?
Answer: 578
578-1097It is middle layer of eye ball. It contains blood vessels and gives a dark colour. It bends behind cornea to form iris
Question: 579
What is meant by unicellular orgnaization
Answer: 579
579-1097In unicellular organization an organism is consists of only one cell like paramecium
Question: 580
Can electrons be an energy source? How?
Answer: 580
580-1097Electrons can he an energy source. It depends upon their location and arrangement in atoms. For example: N‘ hen they are present in oxygen. they make stable association with oxygen atom and are not good energy source. But if electrons are dragged away from oxygen and attached to some other atom e.g. carbon or hydrogen, they make unstable association. They try to move back to oxygen and when this happens, energy is released.
Question: 581
What are sense organs? Give examples.
Answer: 581
581-1097Organs which detect stimuli are called senses. e organs, e.g. eyes. ears. nose. etc.
Question: 582
What is the concentrated and dilute solution?
Answer: 582
582-1097The solution, which has more salts is called concentrated solution and the solution which has less salts is called dilute solution.
Question: 583
How many enzymes are known?
Answer: 583
583-1097There are over 2000 known enzymes, each of which is involved in one specific chemical reaction.
Question: 584
What is rhodopsin?
Answer: 584
584-1097Rod contain a pigment called rhodopsin. When light falls on rhodopsin. it break and generates a nerve impulse
Question: 585
You see pus at the site of infection on your skin. How is it formed?
Answer: 585
585-1097WBCs die in the process of killing the germs. These dead cells accumulate and make the white substance called pus, seen at infection sites.
Question: 586
Define light reaction .
Answer: 586
586-1097During this phase light energy is captured and is used to make high energy molecules (ATP and NADPH ) these reactions take place on the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts
Question: 587
Differentiate between assimilation an absorption .
Answer: 587
587-1097Assimilation : It is the conversion of simple food into complex substances
Question: 588
What is the contribution of Ali-Ibn Isa ?
Answer: 588
588-1097He wrote three books ophthalmology 130 eye disease and perscribed 143 drugs to treat these diseases
Question: 589
What is the most common fuel to get energy ?
Answer: 589
589-1097The most common fuel used by the cell to get energy by cellular respiration is glucose
Question: 590
What is the cause of dwarfism?
Answer: 590
590-1097If somatotrophin is deficient during growing age growth rate decreases. This condition is called dwarfism.
Question: 591
Which organisms carry out photosynthesis?
Answer: 591
591-1097Autotrophic organisms like plants, some protists and some bacteria use inorganic raw materials such as carbon dioxide and water for the preparation of organic food, which IUS primarily comprises of carbohydrates
Question: 592
What is weight of blood in our body?
Answer: 592
592-1097The weight of blood in our body is about 1/12' of our body. The average adult body has about 5liters of blood.
Question: 593
How is energy used in life processes?
Answer: 593
593-1097Various life processes in organisms involve constant flow of energy. This energy flow comprises the acquisition transformation, and use of energy for various life p like growth. movement. reproduction etc
Question: 594
What is the use of enzymes in brewing industry?
Answer: 594
594-1097Enzymes weak starch and proteins. The products are used by yeast for fermentation (to produce alcohol)
Question: 595
What is the role of potassium ions in the opening of stomata?
Answer: 595
595-1097Recent studies have revealed that light causes the movement of potassium ions from epidermal cells into guard cells. Water follows these ions and enters guard cells. Thus their turgidity increases and stoma opens. As the day progresses, guard cells make glucose i.e. become hypertonic. So water stays in them. At the end of the day, potassium ions flow back from guard cells to epidermal cells and the concentration of glucose also falls. Due to it, water moves to epidermal cells and guard cells loose turgor. It causes the closure of stoma. 3. Define the cohesion-tension theory. Ans: According to this theory, the force which carries water (and dissolved materials) upward through the xylem is transpirational pull. Transpiration creates a pressure difference that pulls water and salts up from roots.
Question: 596
How do enzymes lower the activation energy ?
Answer: 596
596-1097Enzymes lower the activation energy in several ways
1: They may alter the shape of substrate and reduce the requirement of energy for this change
2: Some enzymes do so by disrupting the charge distribution on substrate
3: Enzymes may also lower activation energy by bringing substrate in the correct rientation to react
Question: 597
What is difference lenticel and stomata ?
Answer: 597
597-1097Lenticels are present on the bark of some plants .Stomata are present on the epidermis of the leaves
Question: 598
What is meant by saturation of active sites?
Answer: 598
598-1097At high substrate concentration. when all the active sites of an enzyme are occupied and an," more substrate molecules do not find free active sites. This state is called saturation of active sites and reaction rate does not increase.
Question: 599
Define Reflex arc.
Answer: 599
599-1097It is the nerve pathway over which nerve impulse travels in a reflex action
Question: 600
medium. Define products of an enzyme action.
Answer: 600
600-1097When enzymes attaches with the substrate, a temporary enzyme — substrate (ES) complex i! formed — Enzyme catalyzes the reaction and substrate is transferred into product.
E+S➜ES Complex➜ E+P
Question: 601
What is aqueous humour?
Answer: 601
601-1097Anterior chamber of eye cavity contains clear fluid which is called aqueous humour.
Question: 602
How is water taken in by plants for photosynthesis?
Answer: 602
602-1097Water, present in soil, is absorbed by roots and root hairs through osmosis. This water is eventually transported to leaves through xylem vessels.
Question: 603
What are the two main types of white blood cell?How do they differ?
Answer: 603
603-1097There are main two types of white blood cell.
(i) Granulocytes: Granulocytes have granular cytoplasm, These include neutrophils, Eosinophil and basophils
Question: 604
Who gave the concept of metabolism first of all ?
Answer: 604
604-1097The concept of metabolism was first of all given by Ibn-e-nafees who stated that the body and its parts are always undergoing change
Question: 605
What is night blindness?
Answer: 605
605-1097The deficiency of vitamin A causes night blindness.
Question: 606
What is the difference between oxidation and reduction?
Answer: 606
606-1097The loss of electrons is called oxidation while the gain of electrons is called reduction.
Question: 607
Write any two characteristics of enzymes?
Answer: 607
607-1097Almost all enzymes are proteins i.e. they are made of amino acids. Most enzyme reaction rates are millions of times faster than those of comparable uncatalyzed reactions. As with all catalysts, enzymes are not consumed by the reactions they catalyze.
Question: 608
Describe any two functions of liver besides digestion .
Answer: 608
608-1097It destroys the old red blood cells . It converts ammonia to less toxic from urea
Question: 609
Why is it said that all life forms are dependent On photosynthesis?
Answer: 609
609-1097Photosynthesis is the synthesis of glucose from carbon dioxide and water in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll, with oxygen as a by-product. Photosynthesis is an anabolic (building) process and is an important component of bioenergetics in living systems. It is the most important biochemical pathway and nearly all life depends on it.
Question: 610
Which processes generate and break ATP?
Answer: 610
610-1097ATP is generated by energy-releasing processes and is broken down by energy consuming processes, in this way ATP transfers energy between metabolic reactions
Question: 611
What is glycolysis where does this reaction occur ?
Answer: 611
611-1097Glycolysis occurs in cytoplasm and oxygen is not involved in this stage . That is why , it occurs in both types of respiration i-e aerobic and anaerobic . In glycolysis , glucose (6C) molecule is broken into two molecules of Pyruvic acid (3C)
Question: 612
Define cofactor and coenzymes .
Answer: 612
612-1097Cofactors : The non-protein molecules or ions which are required by enzymes to show full activity are called cofactors . Cofactors may be inorganic (e.g metal ions ) or organic (e.g flavin and heme )
Question: 613
What is calcitonin?What is its function?
Answer: 613
613-1097It is the hormone secreted by thyroid gland.
Function :
It decreases the level of calcium ions in blood and promotes the absorption of calcium from blood into bones
Question: 614
Deficiency of which vitamin cause Osteomalcia ? Write down one symptom.
Answer: 614
614-1097Due to deficiency in vitamin D . It can produce 'soft bones ' and risk fen-fractures in bones
Question: 615
What are Pigments?Describe their function?
Answer: 615
615-1097Pigments are the substances that absorb visible light. Different pigments absorb light, of different wavelengths (colours). Chlorophylls absorb mainly blue and red lights . Some wavelengths mot absorbed by chlorophyll 'a' are very effectively absorbed by accessory pigments and vice-versa
Question: 616
Define aerobic respiration
Answer: 616
616-1097The cellular respiration occurring in the presence of oxygen is called aerobic respiration
Question: 617
Which is the smallest bones of human body ?
Answer: 617
617-1097Stapes in the middle ear
Question: 618
Describe the effect of temperature on speed of enzyme action.
Answer: 618
618-1097Heating increases molecular motion. Thus the molecules of the substrate and enzyme move more quickly and chances of their bumping into each other are increased. As a result there is a greater probability of a reaction occurring. When temperature rises to a certain limit, heat adds in the activation energy and also provides kinetic energy for the reaction. So reactions are accelerated. But when temperature is raised well above the optimum temperature, heat energy increases the vibrations of atoms of enzyme and the globular structure of enzyme is lost.
Question: 619
What is acromegaly?
Answer: 619
619-1097If somatotrophin is excessively produced after growing age, internal organs and body extremities along grow large. This condition is known as acromegaly
Question: 620
Define metabolism .
Answer: 620
620-1097The set of biochemical reactions that occur in living organisms in order to maintain life is called metabolism
Question: 621
Define photosynthesis and Write down the general equation for photosynthesis?
Answer: 621
621-1097The process, which involves synthesis of glucose from carbon dioxide and water in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll, with oxygen as a by - product is called photosynthesis.
Equation:
6CO2 + 12H20 + Light energy —> C61-11206 + 602 + 6H20
Question: 622
Name of the important proteins present in ploasma.
Answer: 622
622-1097The important proteins present in p antibodies, fibrinogen, albumin.
Question: 623
What are accessory pigments?
Answer: 623
623-1097Photosynthetic pigments are organized in the form of clusters, called photosystems, in thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts. Chlorophyll-a is the main, photosynthetic pigment. Others are called accessory pigments and include chlorophyll and carotenoids
Question: 624
What are lenticels and where are they found in plant body?
Answer: 624
624-1097The lenticel is the small pores which are present the bark of the stem.
Question: 625
Write a note on specificity enzymes
Answer: 625
625-1097The specificity of different enzymes is determined by the shapes of their active sites. Enzymes are usually very specific for the type of reaction and for the nature of their substances Only a small portion of enzymes molecules is directly involved in catalyst . This catalyst region is known as active site .It recognizes and binds substrate and then carries out reaction.
Question: 626
How is water and salt reached to mesophyll cells in vascular plants ?
Answer: 626
626-1097In non-vascular plants xylem tissues carry water and salts to mesophyll cells
Question: 627
What are the functions of these processes in organisms?
Answer: 627
627-1097These processes ensure the maintenance, growth and reproduction of organisms.
Question: 628
How will you differentiate between bolus and chyme?
Answer: 628
628-1097Bolus:1:During the processes of chewing, lubrication and semi-digestion, the pieces of food are rolled up by the tongue into small, slippery, spherical mass called bolus.2:We swallow bolus and push it in oesophagus through pharynx.
Question: 629
What is Z- Scheme?
Answer: 629
629-1097The whole series of light reactions is called as Z- scheme due to its Z- shaped flow chart
Question: 630
Why transpiration may be harmful process?
Answer: 630
630-1097Transpiration may be a harmful process in the sense that during the condition of drought, loss of water from plant results in serious desiccation, wilting and often death.
Question: 631
What is epidermis ?
Answer: 631
631-1097The single layer of cells on leaves is thin , it is called epidermis it is covered by cuticle
Question: 632
Who proposed ATP as main energy transfer molecule in the cell?
Answer: 632
632-1097The Nobel prize winner, Fritz Lipmann in 1941 proposed ATP as main energy transfer molecule.
Question: 633
Why do carnivorous plants eat small animals?
Answer: 633
633-1097The plants, which grown in nitrogen deficiency soil eat small animals, they digested products of animals which are a good supply of nitrogen.
Question: 634
What is difference between leaf epidermis of aquatic plants and terrestrial plants ?
Answer: 634
634-1097Terrestrial plants have more stomata in the lower epidermis of their leaves while aquatic plants have more stomata in the upper epidermis
Question: 635
Which thing causes water to move by osmosis from the xylem?
Answer: 635
635-1097Mesophyll cell causes water to move by osmosis from the xylem of leaf.
Question: 636
Define bioenergetics .
Answer: 636
636-1097The study of energy relationships and energy transformations (conversions) in living organisms is called bioenergetics.
Question: 637
Name two functions of ear ?
Answer: 637
637-10971: Hearing
2: Balance or equilibrium of body
Question: 638
What is Krebs Cycle?
Answer: 638
638-1097In Krebs cycle. the pyruvic -acid molecules are completely oxidized, along with the formation of ATP. NADH. and FADH2. Before entering in Krebs cycle. pyruvic acid changed into a 2-carbon compound called acetyl-CoA
Question: 639
What will happen if the blood is transfused between the person having different blood groups?
Answer: 639
639-1097If the blood is transfused between person having different blood groups, it will result in agglutination (clumping cells) which will result in recipient's blood.
Question: 640
In which processes ATP is used as energy source?
Answer: 640
640-1097ATP is the main energy source for majority of the cellular functions like the, synthesis of macromolecules (DNA, RNA and proteins), movement, transmission of nerve impulse, active transport. exocytosis and endocytosis etc.
Question: 641
Give a reason for the creation of transpiration pull?
Answer: 641
641-1097Following are the reasons for the creation of transpirational pull.
• Water is held in a tube (xylem) that has small diameter.
• Water molecules adhere to the walls of xylem tube (adhesion).
• Water molecules cohere to each other (cohesion).
• These attractions make an overall tension among water molecules. This tension forms 'column of water. The columns of water move from root to shoot and the water content of the soil enter in these columns
Question: 642
Write down the summary of the events of dark reactions.
Answer: 642
642-1097i) CO2 molecules are combined with 5-carbon compound to form temporary 6- carbon compounds, each split into two 3-carbon compounds. (ii) The 3-carbon compounds are reduced to 3-carbon carbohydrates by using g energy of ATP and hydrogen from NADPH. (iii) 3-Carbon carbohydrates are used to manufacture glucose and are also used to regenerate the original 5-carbon compounds. This step also utilize ATP
Question: 643
Stomach is an organ of the digestive system, but it also secretes a hormone. "hut hormone ‘‘,It, 'and what function it performs?
Answer: 643
643-1097Some quantity of gastric juice is always present in stomach. In this case, already present gastric juice begins the digestion of huge proteins into peptides. These peptides stimulate some cells of stomach walls to release a hormone called gastrin. This hormone enters blood and is distributed to all parts of body. In stomach, it has specific effect and stimulates the gastric glands to secrete more gastric juice.
Question: 644
From which two Greek words /the words biology is made ?
OR Define Biology.
Answer: 644
644-1097The word biology is derived from two Greek words i.e."bios" meaning " life " and "logs " meaning thought or reasoning"
Question: 645
What is the importance of anaerobic respiration?
Answer: 645
645-1097(i) Source of energy for anaerobic organisms
(ti) Source of energy for aerobic organisms in short supply of 0,
(iil) Source of many products (ethanol, cheese etc)
Question: 646
What are the main parts of ear ?
Answer: 646
646-10971: Pinna
2: Auditory canal
3: Ear drum
Question: 647
What is NAD+?
Answer: 647
647-1097A NAD+ (Nicotinamide adenine, dinucleotide) is a coenzyme that takes electrons and hydrogen ions and is thus reduced to NADH. One form of this coenzyme also carries phosphate with it, so is called NADP+.
Question: 648
What is meant by fossils ?
Answer: 648
648-1097Fossils are dead remains of extinct organisms and the study of fossils is called paleontology.
Question: 649
What are situated adrenal glands
Answer: 649
649-1097These are situated above kidney
Question: 650
What are enzymes ?
Answer: 650
650-1097Enzymes are proteins that catalyze |(i-e speed up ) biochemical reactions and are not changed during the reaction
Question: 651
What do you mean by sources and sinks according to the pressure flow mechanism?
Answer: 651
651-1097Sources: Sources include the exporting organs, typically a mature leaf or storage organ. Sinks: Sinks are the areas of active metabolism or storage e.g. roots, tubers, developing fruits and leaves, and growing regions.
Question: 652
When is blood transferred ?
Answer: 652
652-1097Blood transfusion can be life saving in some situations , such as massive loss of blood due to injury or can be used to replace blood lost during surgery . People suffering from anemia ,haemophilia , thalassaemia or sickle - cell disease require frequent blood transfusion
Question: 653
Define lactic acid fermentation
Answer: 653
653-1097The type of anaerobic respiration in which , each pyruvic acid molecule is broken down into lactic acid (C6H6O3) is called lactic acid fermentation . It occurs in skeletal muscles of humans ,and animals when oxygen supply is not sufficient
Question: 654
What is Rh blood group system?
Answer: 654
654-1097It is discovered by Karl Landsteiner in this system, there are two blood group i.e Rh-positive and Rh- negative. These blood groups are distinct from each other on the basis of antigens called Rh-factors.
Question: 655
What are different phase of anaerobic respiration or fermentation ?
Answer: 655
655-10971: The first is like aerobic respiration , and two molecules of pyruvic acid are formed by one molecules of glucose
Question: 656
Which type of bond is present between groups of ATP?
Answer: 656
656-1097The covalent bond connecting two phosphates high-energy bond and is indicated by "tilde"
Question: 657
Where this lose occur?
Answer: 657
657-1097This loss may occur through stomata in leaves, through the cuticle present on leaf epidermis.
Question: 658
How is carbon dioxide taken in by plants?
Answer: 658
658-1097The air that enters leaf through tiny pores (stomata) reaches into the air spaces present around mesophyll cells. This air carries CO2, which gets absorbed in the thin layer of water surrounding mesophyll cells. From here, the carbon dioxide diffuses into mesophyll cells.
Question: 659
Define deafness ?
Answer: 659
659-1097It is a state in which hearing is not possible
Question: 660
What do you mean by vascular surgery ?
Answer: 660
660-1097Vascular surgery is a field in surgery in which disease of arteries and veins (like thrombosis ) are managed by surgical methods . A vascular surgeon treats the disease of all parts of blood circulatory system except that of heart and brain
Question: 661
What are endocrine glands ? Give example .
Answer: 661
661-1097These are the ductless glands which secrete hormones into blood e.g thyroid ,pituitary , adernal etc
Question: 662
Define alcoholic fermentation .
Answer: 662
662-1097The type of anaerobic respiration in which pyruvic acid is further broken break down into alcohol (C2H5OH) and CO2 is called alcoholic respiration . It occurs in bacteria and yeasts .
Pyruvic acid➜Ethyl alcohol + carbondioxide
Question: 663
What are the effects of magnesium deficiency in plants?.
Answer: 663
663-1097Deficiency of magnesium causes yellowing and wilting of leaves.
Question: 664
What is the largest gland of human body and where it is located ?
Answer: 664
664-1097Liver is the largest gland of human body . It lies beneath the diaphragm on the right hand side of abdomen
Question: 665
How are leaves adapted to their function?
Answer: 665
665-10971: The leaves on the branches of plants are arranged in such a manner that they get maximum of sunlight for photosynthesis . Majority of leaves are flat . With maximum of surface area for maximum absorption of sunlight
Question: 666
What is difference between Zoology and Botany ?
Answer: 666
666-1097Zoology The major division of the biology which deals with the study of animals is called zoology
Question: 667
What is the function of vasopressin?
Answer: 667
667-1097It increase the rate of reabsorption of water from nephrons.
Question: 668
Describe the structure of veins.
Answer: 668
668-1097: The walls of veins are composed of the three layers. The tunica externa composed of connective tissue, tunica media made up of muscles and elastic tissue. tunica intimae made up of endothelia cells.
Question: 669
What is a nucleotide?
Answer: 669
669-1097A nucleotide is a large molecule formed by joining ribose sugar -- phosphate - one nitrogenous base.
Question: 670
Define hormone
Answer: 670
670-1097It is a specific messenger molecule synthesized and secreted by an endocrine gland
Question: 671
What are stomata?
Answer: 671
671-1097The tiny openings present in the epidermis of leaf through which gases enter or leave the cells are called stomata. It consists of two bean shaped cells called guard cells.
Question: 672
What is meant by Parasitology and biotechnology ?
Answer: 672
672-1097Parasitology :Parasitologydeals with the study of parasites like study of plasmodium
Question: 673
What is the main use of enzymes in paper industry ?
Answer: 673
673-1097Enzyme break starch to lower its viscosity that aids in making paper
Question: 674
What is stomatal transpiration?
Answer: 674
674-1097The transpiration occurs through stomata and is called stomata] transpiration.
Question: 675
Define Genetic and embryology ?
Answer: 675
675-1097Genetic:The study of genes and their roles in inheritance is called Genetic
Question: 676
What is thyroxin?What is its role?
Answer: 676
676-1097It is the hormone secreted by thyroid plan .
Role:
i. It increases the" breakdown of food and release of energy .
ii. It is responsible for growth of body.
Question: 677
Define pulse .
Answer: 677
677-1097Pulse is the rhythmic expansion and contraction of an artery as the blood is forced through it by the regular contractions of heart
Question: 678
Which things are included in Blood cells and cell-like bodies?
Answer: 678
678-1097These include red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes) and platelets (thrombocytes)
Question: 679
What are biocatalyst ?
Answer: 679
679-1097Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they act as a biocatlyst , which speed up and regular metabolic pathways
Question: 680
What is the contribution of Ibn-Al-Haytham ?
Answer: 680
680-10971: He wrote 'book of optics '
2: He contributed to eye surgery , structure of eye image formation in eye and visual system
3: He described the principles of pinhole camera
Question: 681
How are humidity affect of temperature on the rate of transpiration ?
Answer: 681
681-1097Air humidity : When air is dry , water vapour diffuse more quickly from the surface of mesophyll cells into leaf air spaces and then from air spaces to outside . This increase the rate of transpiration . In humid air , the rate of the diffusion of water vapours is reduced and the rate of transpiration is low
Question: 682
How would you differentiate between atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis ?
Answer: 682
682-1097Atherosclerosis: atherosclerosis is commonly referred to as it is a chronic disease in which accumulation of fatty materials , cholesterol or fibrin in arteries . When this condition is severe , arteries , can no longer expand and contract properly and blood moves through them with very difficult
Question: 683
Define anaerobic respiration .
Answer: 683
683-1097The cellular respiration occurring in the absence of oxygen is called aerobic respiration
Question: 684
What is the function of Oxytocin?
Answer: 684
684-1097i. It stimulates the contraction of uterus walls in females for child birth.
ii. It causes ejection of milk from breasts.
Question: 685
Define photolysis.
Answer: 685
685-1097The breakdown of compounds in the presence of light is called photolysis.
Question: 686
In mammals when RBCs lost its nucleus?
Answer: 686
686-1097When a red blood cell matures. its nucleus is lost.
Question: 687
What are products ?
Answer: 687
687-1097The molecules , which are produced after the action of enzymes on substrate molecules are called products
Question: 688
Name the metal which is used for galvanizing iron
Answer: 688
688-1097Zinc metal is used for galvanizing iron
Question: 689
Define the terms systole and diastole.
Answer: 689
689-1097Systole: When both atria contract and pump blood towards ventricles. This period in cardiac cycle is called atrial systole. Atrial systole takes about 0.1 seconds When both ventricles contract and pump blood towards body and lungs. The period of ventricular contraction ins called ventricular systole. Ventricular systole lasts about 0.3 seconds
Question: 690
Which systems are present in Human for transport of materials?
Answer: 690
690-1097: Like other higher animals, the task of the transport of different material in human body is performed by two systems. i.e. blood circulatory system and lymphatic system. The two systems are well coordinated and associated with each other.
Question: 691
How many cubic millimeter of blood RBCs is present in female?
Answer: 691
691-1097A cubic millimeter of blood contain 4 - 4.5 million of RBCs in female.
Question: 692
What is the role of Eustachian tube ?
Answer: 692
692-1097It regulates the air pressure on both sides of ear drum
Question: 693
What is the function of cuticle ?
Answer: 693
693-1097The cuticle is a waxy layer on leaves ,which is made up of cutin and it lessens the evaporation of water from surface of leaves
Question: 694
Name any four careers in biology ?
Answer: 694
694-10971. Medicine 2. Fisheries
3.Agriculture 4. Animals Husbandry
Question: 695
What role does the pericardia Fluid
Answer: 695
695-1097Heart is enclosed in a sac known as pericardium. There is a fluid, known as pericardial fluid. between pericardium and heart walls. It reduces friction between pericardium and heart, during heart contractions.
Question: 696
Define Biophysics ?
Answer: 696
696-1097It deal with the study of principles of physics which are applicable to biological phenomena .
Question: 697
What are different phases of aerobic respiration ?
Answer: 697
697-10971: In first phase , a molecule of glucose (6-C) is broken down into two pyruvic acid (3-C) molecules
Question: 698
What is the function of lipids in body and what are their sources ?
Answer: 698
698-1097Lipids play many roles in bodies . They are used to form membranes , the sheaths surrounding neurons , and certain hormone lipids are also extremely useful energy
Question: 699
What is species ?
Answer: 699
699-1097A species is a group of organisms which can interbreed freely among them and can offsring but are reproductively isolated from all other such groups in nature
Question: 700
. What is transpiration pull?
Answer: 700
700-1097The pulling force created by the transpiration of water is called transpirational pull. It helps water transport through plant.
Question: 701
What is thyroid stimulating" hormone (TSH)?
Answer: 701
701-1097It is the hormone secreted by the posterior lobe of pituitary gland. It stimulates thyroid gland to secrete thyroxin
Question: 702
What are the sources of electrons in electron transport chain?
Answer: 702
702-1097NADH and FADH2 release electrons and hydrogen ions
Question: 703
Name part of ear drum .
Answer: 703
703-10971: Vestibule
2: Semicircular canals
3: Cochlea
Question: 704
What is meant by Vegetative ?
Answer: 704
704-1097All organs in livings organisms which do not take part in sexual reproduction are called Vegetative
Examples:Roots Steams Branches
Question: 705
Define osmosis.
Answer: 705
705-1097The movement of water from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution. through a permeable membrane (cell membrane) is called osmosis.
Question: 706
How electroplating of zinc is carried out ?
Answer: 706
706-1097The zinc is deposited on the metal buy immersing it in a chemical bath containing electrolyte zinc sulphate . A current is applied which results in depositing of zinc on the target metal i-e cathode
Question: 707
What is fibrinogen.
Answer: 707
707-1097Fibrinogen is a blood clotting protein found in plasma.
Question: 708
What is the net yield of ATPs in aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
Answer: 708
708-1097The net yield of ATP in aerobic respiration is = 36 ---during anaerobic oxidation of glucose molecule only 2ATP molecule are gained as the net profit because there is no kreb-cycle and electron transport chain in anaerobic, respiration
Question: 709
Name the famous writings of Abdul Malik Asmai ?
Answer: 709
709-1097Al-Nabatat and Al- Hyawan are the written by jabir bin hayanfamous writings of Abdul Malik Asmaiwere Al- Abil Camel Al khail horses Al-Wahoosh kalaq al ansan
Question: 710
What is activation energy ?
Answer: 710
710-1097All chemical reactions requires activation energy .It is defined as minimum energy requires to start a reaction and to right direction
Question: 711
Differentiate between morphology and anatomy .
Answer: 711
711-1097Morphology : The branch of biology , which deals with the study of the structure and forms of living organism is called morphology
Question: 712
Name secretions stored in posterior
Answer: 712
712-1097i. Oxytoci
ii Vasopressin
Question: 713
Why it is incorrect to say that the energy releasing step of respiration is electron transport chain?
Answer: 713
713-1097Energy is released in glycolysis and Krebs cycle in the form of NADH and FADH2. Electron transport chain transforms the energy present in these compounds to ATP.
Question: 714
What are heterotrophic organisms?
Answer: 714
714-1097The organisms, which obtain their food from other organisms and use it for growth and energy. are called heterotrophic organisms.
Question: 715
What is biosphere level ?
Answer: 715
715-1097The part of level inhabited by organisms communities is known as biosphere
Question: 716
How is water and salt reached to mesophyll cells in non-vascular plants ?
Answer: 716
716-1097In non-vascular plants water and salts reach the mesophyll cells of leaves by the phenomena of diffusion , osmosis etc.
Question: 717
For what purpose phloem tissue is responsible?
Answer: 717
717-1097Phloem tissue is responsible for the conduction of dissolved organic matter between different parts of plant body from source to sink.
Question: 718
What is the effect of deficiency of nutrients?
Answer: 718
718-1097If any one of nutrients is not available to plant. they show abnormalities and do not grow normally.
Question: 719
What happens in cellular respiration to and oxygen ?
Answer: 719
719-1097In cellular respiration , food is oxidized to CO2while O2is reduced into H2O
Question: 720
Write down the scientific name of crow and frog ?
Answer: 720
720-1097- Frog:Rana tigrain
- House Crow:Corvus splendens
Question: 721
Differentiate between macronutrients and micronutrients?
Answer: 721
721-1097The nutrients which are require in large 1 The nutrients which are required in small quantities are called macronutrients. e.g. quantities are called micronutrients e.g. iron, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, magnesium, molybdenum, boron, chlorine, zinc etc. potassium.
Question: 722
what are different types of fermentation or anaerobic respiration ?
Answer: 722
722-1097There are two types of fermentation
1: Alcoholic fermentation 2: Lactic acid fermentation
Question: 723
Which respiratory gasses is present in plasma ?
Answer: 723
723-1097It contains respiration gases like CO, and 02
Question: 724
What are the function of Insulin and glucagon ?
Answer: 724
724-1097Insulin : Decrease the blood sugar level
Question: 725
Define genetics ?
Answer: 725
725-1097The study of genes and their role in inheritance is called genetics . Inheritance means the transmission of characters from one generation to the other
Question: 726
Differentiate between anabolism and catabolism
Answer: 726
726-1097Anabolism : Anabolism includes the biochemical reactions in which larger molecules are synthesized . Energy is utilized in anabolism
Example : Photosynthesis
Question: 727
What is pituitary gland ? Names its lobes ?
Answer: 727
727-1097It is a pear -shaped ,gland attached to the hypothalamus of brain
Lobes :
1: Anterior lobes
2: Posterior lobe
Question: 728
Who discovered Krebs cycle?
Answer: 728
728-1097A British biochemist. Sir Hans Krebs discovered this Krebs cycle.
Question: 729
What is somatotrophin? What is function?
Answer: 729
729-1097It is a hormone produced by anterior lobe of pituitary gland. Function: It promotes the growth of body.
Question: 730
What is testosterone ?
Answer: 730
730-1097It is the hormone secreted by testis which controls development of secondary sex characters in male
Question: 731
What is the role of manganese in plant's growth?
Answer: 731
731-1097Manganese is involved in enzyme activity for photosynthesis, respiration and nitrogen metabolism.
Question: 732
What is tricuspid valve?
Answer: 732
732-1097The opening between right atrium and right ventricle is guarded by a salve called tricuspid salve (which is guarded by 3 flaps). It allows the blood to move front right atrium to right ventricle and prevent back flow,
Question: 733
How is energy produced by respiration ?
Answer: 733
733-1097There are two types of respiration
1: Aerobic 2: Anaerobic
Question: 734
Name secretion of ovaries .
Answer: 734
734-10971: Estrogen
2: Progesterone
Question: 735
Define nutrition.
Answer: 735
735-1097The process in which food is obtained or prepared, absorbed and convened into body substances for growth and energy, is called nutrition.
Question: 736
Why is the calcium and hydrogen important for plant?
Answer: 736
736-1097Hydrogen is necessary for building biomolecules. Calcium activates
enzymes, structural component of cell wall and influences water movements in cells.
Question: 737
What is composition of blood?
Answer: 737
737-1097Blood is specialized body fluid that is composed of a liquid called blood plasma and blood cells. It consist of 45% blood cell and 55% blood plasma
Question: 738
Define endocrine system .
Answer: 738
738-1097This system consists of endocrine glands and hormones . Through hormones , this system communicates
Question: 739
What is Electron transport chain.?
Answer: 739
739-1097Electron Transport chain is the final step of cellular respiration . It is the transfer of electron on an electron transport chain. In this step. electrons and hydrogen ions. These electrons are taken up by a series of e electron carriers.
Question: 740
Name parts of adrenal gland and their hormones .
Answer: 740
740-1097Each adrenal gland has two parts :
1: Outer part is called adrenal cortex with secretes corticosteroids
2:Central part is called adrenal medulla which secrets adrenaline
Question: 741
What are the main components of human blood circulatory
Answer: 741
741-1097Circulatory system are blood, heart and blood vessels.
Question: 742
What are organic fertilizers?
Answer: 742
742-1097Organic fertilizers are derived from plant and animal materials. They are more complex sad take time to be broken down into forms usable by plants Manure and compost are used as organic fertilizers.
Question: 743
What are middle ear ossicles?
Answer: 743
743-1097Three bones are present in middle ear are called middle ear ossicles . There are malleus , incus and stapes
Question: 744
What role does the pericardia Fluid
Answer: 744
744-1097Heart is enclosed in a sac known as pericardium. There is a fluid, known as pericardial fluid, between pericardium and heart walls. It reduces friction between pericardium and heart, during heart contractions.
Question: 745
In which portion of cell , three stages of aerobic respiration ?
Answer: 745
745-10971: Glycolysis occurs in cytoplasm oxygen is not involved in this stage . That is why , it occurs in both types of respiration i-e aerobic and anaerobic
2: Krebs cycle and electron transport chain occur in mitochondria where oxygen is essential
Question: 746
What is cardiac cycle ?
Answer: 746
746-1097The alternating relaxation contractions cycle and one complete cardiac cycle makes one heart beat .
It has three phases :
1: Cardiac cycle
2: Atrial systole
3: Ventricle systole
Question: 747
What are nutrients?
Answer: 747
747-1097The elements and compounds that an organism obtains and uses as energy source or for the synthesis of new materials are called nutrients.
Question: 748
Differentiate between Microbiology and Morphology?
Answer: 748
748-1097Microbiology: Microbiology is a major division of biology which deals with the study of micro organisms such as bacteria, viruses
Question: 749
What is the cause of diabetes Insipidus?
Answer: 749
749-1097It is due to deficiency of antidiuretic hormone.
Question: 750
What are the main stages of the aerobic respiration?
Answer: 750
750-10971: Glycolysis
2: Krebs cycle
3: Electron transport chain
Question: 751
How does stomata open ?
Answer: 751
751-1097When guard cells (bean shaped cells ) get water and become turgid ,their shapes are like two beans and the stomata between them opens
Question: 752
What are symptoms of hyperthyroidism?
Answer: 752
752-1097i. Increases in energy production
ii. Increased heart-beat
iii. Frequent sweating
iv. Shivering of hand
Question: 753
Write the difference between physiology and taxonomy ?
Answer: 753
753-1097The difference between physiology and taxonomy are given below .
Question: 754
How blood is transfused considering Rh blood group system?
Answer: 754
754-1097h-positive blood group can be transfused to Rh- positive recipient because recipient's blood already has Rh- antigens and it will not produce anti-Rh antibody similarly Rh-negative blood group can be transfused to Rh- negative Rh-negative.
Question: 755
What are the advantages of organic fertilizers?
Answer: 755
755-1097Organic fertilizers like manure and compost can increase soil drainage, aeration, and the ability of the soil to hold nutrients
Question: 756
What are vascular plants ?
Answer: 756
756-1097The plants which have vascular tissues i-e xylem and phloem are called vascular plants . Xylem tissues carry water and salts from soil to mesophyll cells of leaves . Phloem tissues transport prepared food from leaves to other parts of plants
Question: 757
How many cubic millimeter of blood RBCs present in males?
Answer: 757
757-1097A cubic millimeter of blood contains 5 to 5.5 of RBCs in males.
Question: 758
What are Islets of Langerhans ? Name their secretions
Answer: 758
758-1097The group of endocrine cells found in pancreas which produce hormones are called islets of Langerhans
Secretions :
1:Insulin
2: Glucagon
Question: 759
Name the major components of human's food?
Answer: 759
759-1097The nutrients used by humans include carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acid, proteins, minerals and vitamins. Beside these nutrients, they also required water.
Question: 760
What is meant by thrombus?
Answer: 760
760-1097The blood clots formed by plagues within arteries are called thrombus.
Question: 761
Define pharmacology and immunology.
Answer: 761
761-1097Pharmacology : Pharmacology deals with the study of medicines and their effect on the body of living organisms.
Question: 762
How can the deficiency of vitamin A cause blindness?
Answer: 762
762-1097When vitamin A is inadequate, the lack of rhodopsin makes it difficult to see in dim light. if it is left untreated it can cause blindness. Deficiency of vitamins A is the leading causes of blindness in children worldwide. One of the symptoms of vitamin A deficiency is "night-blindness" It is temporary condition but if left untreated it can cause permanent -blindness
Question: 763
What is Gigantism?
Answer: 763
763-1097If somatotrophin is excessively produced during, growing age growth rate increases. This condition is called gigantism.
Question: 764
Define absorption
Answer: 764
764-1097The process of diffusion of digested food into blood and lymph is called absorption.
Question: 765
What are environmental hazards related to fertilizers use ?
Answer: 765
765-10971: The massive quantities of inorganic fertilizers after the nutrient , holding capacity
Question: 766
What is the cause of hypothyroidism?
Answer: 766
766-1097It is caused by under production of thyroxin. It is characterized by low energy production and slowing down heart beat.
Question: 767
What is pericardium?
Answer: 767
767-1097Heart is enclosed in a sac known as pericardium. There is a fluid known as pericardial fluid between pericardium and heart walls. It reduces friction between pericardium and heart. during heart contraction.
Question: 768
Write the characteristics of cardiac muscles .
Answer: 768
768-1097The muscles present in heart walls are called cardia muscles Cardiac muscles are involuntary in action are composed of branched striated cells , each with a single nucleus
Question: 769
Define genetic?
Answer: 769
769-1097The study of genes and their role in inheritance is called Genetic
Question: 770
What are exocrine glands ? Give example .
Answer: 770
770-1097These are ducted glands e.g liver, salivary glands
Question: 771
Which thing can change the pH of the blood?
Answer: 771
771-1097change the pH of the blood
Question: 772
What are fertilizers?
Answer: 772
772-1097Certain materials. the addition of which to soil sometimes resulted in plants which desirable characteristics (e.g more fruit, faster growth, more attractive flowers) are named as fertilize, Fertilizers are broadly classification as organic and inorganic
Question: 773
What are harmful effects due to excessive nitrogen?
Answer: 773
773-1097Too much nitrogen can reduce yields, cause yellowing of the leaves and stunt growth.
Question: 774
Define Biochemistry and compounds and Morphology?
Answer: 774
774-1097Biochemistry : Biochemistry deals with the study of the chemistry of different compound and chemical reactions occurring in living organisms.
Question: 775
Write blood groups of human blood
Answer: 775
775-1097There are four different blood groups.
(i) A person antigen A on RBCs has blood group A.
(ii) A person antigen B on RBCs has blood group B.
(iii) A person antigen A,B on RBCs has blood group AB.
(iv) A person non of A,B antigen has blood group 0
Question: 776
What happens to electrons when they pass through electron transport Chain?
Answer: 776
776-1097When the electrons move through the series of electron carriers they lose energy, which is used to synthesize ATP At the end electrons and hydrogen ions combine with molecular 02 to form water.
Question: 777
What are inorganic fertilizers?
Answer: 777
777-1097Naturally occurring inorganic fertilizers include rock phosphate. elemental sulphur gypsum that are not chemically modified. Most in organic fertilizer dissolve readily In immediately available to plants for uptake.
Question: 778
What is myocardial infraction ?
Answer: 778
778-1097It is more commonly known as heart attack and is a medical condition that occurs when the blood supply to a part of the heart is interrupted and leads the death of heart muscles
Question: 779
How different materials transport in human body?
Answer: 779
779-1097Like other animals the task of transport of different materials in human body is performed by two systems i.e. blood circulatory system and lymphatic system. system
Question: 780
Describe the presence of antigens and antibodies in different blood groups?
Answer: 780
780-1097The antibodies i.e. anti A & anti-B antibodies appear in the blood and are present according to the absence of corresponding antigen. In persons with blood group B, antigen B is present and they contain antibody A. The person having blood group AB, antibodies are absent and person having blood group 0 have antibodies A and B Both.
Question: 781
Where are the enzymes of glycolysis present?
Answer: 781
781-1097Enzymes of glycolysis are present in cytoplasm.
Question: 782
Define Biometery ?
Answer: 782
782-1097It deals the study of biological processes using mathematical techniques and tools.
Question: 783
Define platelets ?
Answer: 783
783-1097Platelets are the parts of blood . They are not cells but are fragments of large cells of bone marrow called megakaryocytes . They do not have any nucleus and any pigment
Question: 784
Why do plants require mineral elements?
Answer: 784
784-1097Plants require minerals for various activities and structures.
Question: 785
How much energy is obtained by one gam of protein ?
Answer: 785
785-1097One gram of protein contains 04 kilocalories of energy
Question: 786
What is the function of leukocytes ?
Answer: 786
786-10971: Their function as main agents in the body's defense system
2: They destroy small particles through phagocytosis
3: They break inflammatory substances and kill parasites
4: They prevent blood clotting
Question: 787
what is meant by pharamacology ?
Answer: 787
787-1097Pharamacology is the stud of drugs and their efffects on the system of the human body
Question: 788
What are the health risks if we take more saturated fatty acids in our diet?
Answer: 788
788-1097Saturated fatty acids can increase a person's cholesterol level. An increased cholesterol level may eventually result in the clogging of arteries and, ultimately, heart disease.
Question: 789
Which sphincters play role in the movement of food in and out of stomach?
Answer: 789
789-1097sphincters: Sphincters are the openings which are guarded by muscles. Stomach has two sphincters Cardiac sphincter:
Cardiac sphincter is between stomach and oesophagus.Pyloric sphincter Pyloric sphincter is between stomach and small intestine. Bolus enters stomach front oesophagus S. through cardiac sphincter.
Question: 790
Where are fermenting abilities of micro -organisms being used by scientists ?
Answer: 790
790-1097Scientists have used the fermenting abilities of fungi and bacteria for the benefit of mankind . For example , the fermenting powers of bacteria are used for making cheese and yogurt . Fermentation in yeast is used in brewing and baking industries . Similarly soya sauce is made through the fermentation by a fungus Aspergillus
Question: 791
What are amino acids?
Answer: 791
791-1097Acids are building blocks of proteins. These are of 20 different types.
Question: 792
Differentiate between Morphology and physiology ?
Answer: 792
792-1097Morphology: The branch deals with the study of from and structures of living organisms.
Question: 793
How white and Red Blood Cells Differs?
Answer: 793
793-1097Red blood cells are like biconcave disc with nucleus contain hemoglobin. While blood cells are Granular and a grantor contain nucleus larger in size than RBC.s
Question: 794
What is the role of parathormone ?
Answer: 794
794-1097It increased the level of calcium ions in blood
Question: 795
What is diabetes mellitus ?
Answer: 795
795-1097If insulin is deficient in body ,blood sugar level rises ,This disorder is called diabetes mellitus ,person with diabetes have loss of body weight ,weakening of muscles and tiredness
Question: 796
Differentiate between Morphology and Histology .
Write down the definition of Morphology?
Answer: 796
796-1097Morphology The branch deals with the study of from and structures of living organisms
Question: 797
Why reactivity of metals increases down the group ?
Answer: 797
797-1097Reactivity of metals increases down the group because down the group , size of atoms increases due to addition of shells . When the shells are added and the size of atoms increases the electropositive character increases due to which it becomes easier to lose its valence electron
Question: 798
Define angioplasty?
Answer: 798
798-1097The mechanical widening of a narrowed or total obstructed blood vessels is called angioplasty
Question: 799
Which careers can be adopted by students of biology?
Answer: 799
799-1097(i) Medicine/Surgery (ii) Animals husbandry (iii) Fisheries (iv) Agriculture (v) Horticulture (vi) Farming (vii) Forestry (VW) Biotechnology
Question: 800
What is the role of nitrogen in plants?
Answer: 800
800-1097Plant get nitrogen in the form of nitrates. Nitrogen is a major component of proteins, hormones, chlorophyll, vitamins and enzymes essential for plant life. Nitrogen metabolism is a major factor , in stem and leaf growth
Question: 801
What is Science ?
Answer: 801
801-1097Science is the study in which observations are made, experiments are done and logical conclusions are drawn in order to understand the principal of nature
Question: 802
Explain Medicine and surgery career in biology ?
Answer: 802
802-1097Medicine:The profession of medicine deals with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases in human .
Question: 803
What is bicuspid value?
Answer: 803
803-1097The opening hem cell right atrium and left ventricle is guarded. by a valve called bicuspid valve (it contains 2 flaps)• It allows passage of blood from left atrium to left ventricle and prevent back flow
Question: 804
Define goiter.
Answer: 804
804-1097If a person lacks iodine in diet, thyroid gland cannot make hormone . Thyroid gland is enlarged and swelling of neck occur. This condition is called goiter.
Question: 805
Define blood Transfusion
Answer: 805
805-1097Blood transfusion is the process of transferring blood based products from one person (donor) into the circulatory system of another (recipient).
Question: 806
Which disease are caused by deficiency of iron ?
Answer: 806
806-1097Iron deficiency cause anaemia
Question: 807
Define biogeography
Answer: 807
807-1097It deals with the study of the occurrence and distribution of different species of living organism in different Geographical regions of the world. It applies the knowledge of characteristics of particulars geographical regions to determine the characteristics of organism found there.
Question: 808
Write role and names of two scientists who work on Blood Circulatory system
Answer: 808
808-1097Two important scientists Ibn-e-Nafees and William scientist who described the pathway of blood
Question: 809
What are Parasites ? give one example .
Answer: 809
809-1097Parasites are the organisms that take food and shelter from living hosts in return, harm their (hosts) lives
Example: 1 leach 2 Hook Worm
Question: 810
Which person art universal donors and universal recipients?
Answer: 810
810-1097O blood group individuals are called universal donors, because they can donate blood to the recipients of every other blood group. AB blood group individuals are called universal recipients because they can receive transfusion from donors of every group.
Question: 811
What are harmful effects of excessive use of organic fertilizers?
Answer: 811
811-1097Excessive amounts of organic fertilizers can cause environmental degradation due In nitrate leaching or run off of soluble organic compounds
Question: 812
On what basis blood is classified into different groups?
Answer: 812
812-1097Blood group on the presence or absence of antigens on the surface of red blood cells.
Question: 813
What is the difference between corrosion and rusting ?
Answer: 813
813-1097Corrosion : It is the general term used for all the metals
Corrosion of some metals may be stopped
It is redox reaction
Question: 814
What role is played by iron in humans ?
Answer: 814
814-1097Iron plays a major role in oxygen transport and storage . It is a component of hemoglobin in red blood cells and myoglobin in muscles cells . Cellular energy production also requires iron . It acts as enzymes cofactor . Iron also support immune function
Question: 815
What are two major veins ?
Answer: 815
815-1097Two major veins are superior vena cave and inferior vena cava
Question: 816
What is meant by taxonomy ?
Answer: 816
816-1097it is study of naming and classification of organisms into group and subgroups.
Question: 817
What is the role of magnesium in plants?
Answer: 817
817-1097Magnesium is a structural component of chlorophyll. It is also necessary for the functioning plant enzymes to produce carbohydrates, fats and sugars. It is used for fruit and nut formation and essential for germination of seeds.
Question: 818
What is the bio-molecules?
Answer: 818
818-1097Bio-molecules in living organisms combine though ionic and covalent bond formations to form stable particles known as bio-molecules
Question: 819
Differentiate between micromolecules and macromolecules
Answer: 819
819-1097Micromolecules :The molecule with low molecular weight are called micro-molecule
Example : glucose ,water etc
Question: 820
What is transport?
Answer: 820
820-1097Transport means movement of material from one region to the other in the organisms
Question: 821
Write the chemical equation aerobic
Answer: 821
821-1097The chemical equation aerobic respiration
C6H12+602➜6CO2 + 6H20 Energy
Question: 822
Define biomolecules .
Answer: 822
822-1097The stable particles which is made by atoms of biochemist i-e carbon, nitrogen , sulphur , etc through ionic or covalent bonding is called biomolecules
Question: 823
What are the risk factors of cardiovascular disorders ?
Answer: 823
823-1097The risk factors that lead to cardiovascular problem include advanced age , diabetes ,high blood concentration of low -density lipids (cholestrol) and trigylycerides , tobacco smoking, high blood pressure (hypertension ) ,obesity and sedentary lifestyles
Question: 824
Define Anatomy ?
Answer: 824
824-1097The study of internal structures is called Anatomy .
Question: 825
Differentiate between Eoslnophils and Basophlls.
Answer: 825
825-1097Eosinophlls :
These can break Inflammatory substances and kill parasites.
Question: 826
Write two uses of surgery ?
Answer: 826
826-1097(i) In surgery , the parts of the body may be repaired
(ii) In surgery , the parts of the body may be replaced
(iii) In surgery , the parts of the body may be removed
Question: 827
Differentiate between Cell biology and Histology.
Answer: 827
827-1097Cell Biology : The study of the structures and function of cell and cell organelles is called cell biology
Question: 828
What is seizure ?
Answer: 828
828-1097It is temporary abnormal state of brain marked by convulsions
Question: 829
Define science ?
Answer: 829
829-1097Science is the study in which observations are made , experiments are done and logical conclusions are drawn in order to understand the principles of nature
Question: 830
Write the name of three main division of biology ?
Answer: 830
830-1097Three main division of biology are given below:
Zoology:This division of biology deals with the study of animals
Botany:This division of biology deals with the study of plants
Microbiology: This division of biology deals with the study of micro-organisms
Question: 831
Write the importance of water for plants .
Answer: 831
831-1097Water is vital to plants life. It is necessary not just for photosynthesis and turgor but much of the cellular activities occur in the presence of water molecules and the internal temperature of the plants also regulated by water .
Question: 832
What are the functions of root ?
Answer: 832
832-1097In addition to anchoring the plant , roots perform two other vital functions
1: They absorb water and salts from soil
2: They provide conducting tissues for distributing these substances to the tissues of the stem
Question: 833
How do different types of tissues functions in one organ ?
Answer: 833
833-1097In stomach (organ) two major tissues
1: Epithelial tissues , which secrete gastric juice and
2: Muscular tissues perform contraction of stomach walls for grinding of food , and moving food to posterior end
Question: 834
How do you differentiate between cell level and tissues level ?
Answer: 834
834-1097Cell level
Cell or cell level organization is a unit of structure and function of living organisms
2 A cell level organization is composed of different sub cellular organelles performing specific functions
Question: 835
Differentiate between Arteries and Veins
Answer: 835
835-1097Arteries:
These are the blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. The lumen of arteries is narrower than veins.
Question: 836
What are the sources of elements to plants?
Answer: 836
836-1097Plants absorb carbon and oxygen from air. while other elements are absorbed from soil.