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Question: 1
What is Oligosaccharides.
Answer: 1
1-48Oligosaccharides give 2 to 9 units of monosaccharides on hydrolysis. Therefore, they are classified as disaccharides.
Example Trisaccharides, tetrasaccharides.
Question: 2
Define Monosaccharides.
Answer: 2
2-48MOnosaccharides are the simplest sugars which cannot be hydrolyzed. They consists of 3 to 9 carbons atoms.
Question: 3
Define proteins.
Answer: 3
3-48Proteins are highly complicated nitrogenous compound made up of amino acids. Proteins consist of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur.
Question: 4
What are the element found in proteins?
Answer: 4
4-48Proteins consist of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen , nitrogen and sulphur. They are polymers of amino acids.
Question: 5
What is polysaccharides:
Answer: 5
5-48Polysaccharides are macromolecular carbohydrates consisting of hundreds to thousands of monosaccharides.
Example: Examples of polysaccharides are starch and cellulose.
Question: 6
What is oil and fats.
Answer: 6
6-48Oils exist iin liquid form at room temperature. They are triglycerides of unsaturated fatty acids. While fats exist in solid form at room temperature. They are triglycerides of saturated fatty acids.
Question: 7
What are fat soluble vitamins?
Answer: 7
7-48The vitamin that dissolve in water are called water soluble vitamins.these vitamins are B complex and vitamin C.
Question: 8
What is lipids 7 fatty acid.
Answer: 8
8-48Lipids are macromolecules made up of fatty acids.
Question: 9
What is Nucleic acid.
Answer: 9
9-48Nucleic acids are essential components of every living cell. They are generally long chain molecules made up of nucleotides.Each nucleotide consists of three components nitrogenous base, a pentose . sugar adn a phosphate group.
Question: 10
Give any two properties of monosaccharides
Answer: 10
10-481: Monosaccharides are white crystalline solids
2: They are soluble in water and have sweet taste
Question: 11
Who discovered the DNA ' structure?
Answer: 11
11-48Its structure was discovered by J. Watson and F.Crick in 1953.
Question: 12
What is Fatty acids with examples:
Answer: 12
12-48Fatty acids are building blocks of lipids.
Example:they are long chain saturated or unsaturated carboxylic acids.
Question: 13
How margarine is produced?
Answer: 13
13-48Margarine is produced by adding hydrogen to vegetable oil at 200 oC in the presence of catalyst.The greater the amount of hydrogen used the move solid the margin become.
Question: 14
What is Glucose:
Answer: 14
14-48Glucose is a polyhydroxy aldehyde while fructose is pentahydroxy ketone having the open chain structures as follows and general formula of C6H12O6
Question: 15
Give any two properties of polysaccharides /
Answer: 15
15-48They are amorphous solids
They are tasteless and insoluble in water
Question: 16
What are carbohydrates.
Answer: 16
16-48Carbohydrates are macromolecules defined as polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones.
Genral formula: The have general formula Cn(h2o)n.
Question: 17
Give any two properties of Oligosaccharides ?
Answer: 17
17-48Oligosaccharides are also sweet in taste . These carbohydrates are white , crystalline , solids easily soluble in water
Question: 18
Uses of proteins.
Answer: 18
18-48i. Enzymes are proteins that are produced by the living cells. They catalyze the chemical reactions taking place in the bodies . They are highly specific and have extraordinary efficiency. Many enzymes are used as drugs they control the bleeding and treat blood cancer.
ii. Hides are proteins. These ae used to make leather by tanning. Leather is used to make shoes. Jackets,Sports , items. ect.
iii.Proteins are found in bones. When bones are heated the give gelatin is used to make bakery items.
iv. Plants also synthesize proteins.such as pulses, beans, etc, these are used as food.
Question: 19
What do you mean by amino acid?
Answer: 19
19-48Amino acids are organic compound consisting of both amino and carboxyl groups.
Question: 20
Give any two properties of polysaccharide?
Answer: 20
20-48i. They are amorphous solids
2. they are trasteless and insoluble in water.
Question: 21
What is RNA
Answer: 21
21-48RNA are ribonucleic acid
Question: 22
What are components of nucleotide ?
Answer: 22
22-48Each nucleotide consists of three components , nitrogenous base , a pentose sugar and a phosphate group
Question: 23
Give two properties of monosaccharides.
Answer: 23
23-481. Monosaccharides are white crystalline solids
2.They are soluble in water and have sweet taste.
Question: 24
Define Oligosaccharides
Answer: 24
24-48Oligosaccharides give 2 to 9 units of monosaccharides on hydrolysis
Question: 25
Define polysaccharides give example.
Answer: 25
25-48Polysaccharides are macromolecular carbohydrates consisting of hundreds to thousands of monosaccharides
Example : Starch and cellulose
Question: 26
Give two uses of carbohydrates.
Answer: 26
26-48The provide essential nutrients for bacteria in intestinal helps indigestion.
They regulate the amount of sugar level in our body .Low sugar level in body result in hypoglycemia.
Question: 27
Give any two properties of oligosaccharide?
Answer: 27
27-48Oligosaccharides are also sweet in taste. These carbohydrates are white , crystalline, solids easily soluble in water.
Question: 28
What types of carbohydrates?
Answer: 28
28-48a. Monosacchrides
b. OLIGOSACCHARIDES
C. pOLYSACCHARIDES.
Question: 29
Write function of RNA .
Answer: 29
29-48RNA is synthesized by DNA to transmit the geneticin formation's RNA receives , reads , decides and uses the given information to synthesized a new protein
Question: 30
What are water soluble vitamins ?
Answer: 30
30-48The vitamin that dissolve in water are called water soluble vitamins . These vitamins are B complex and vitamin C
Question: 31
What is the most important Oligosaccharides give reaction of sucrose ?
Answer: 31
31-48The most important Oligosaccharides are disaccharide like source
Question: 32
Define carbohydrates ?
Answer: 32
32-48Carbohydrates are macromolecules defined as Polyhydroxy aldelydes or ketones they have general formula Cn(H2O)n (n is number of carbon )
Question: 33
What are the elements found in proteins ?
Answer: 33
33-48Proteins consists of carbon , oxygen nitrogen , and sulphur . They are polymers of amino acids
Question: 34
What is the function of DNA ?
Answer: 34
34-48DNA is the permanent storage place for genetic information in the nucleus of a cell . It carries and stores all genetic information of the all . It passes these information's from generations to generations . How to synthesize particular proteins from amino acids . These instructions are genetic code of life they determine whether organism is a man or a tree or a donkey and whether a cell is a nerve cell or a muscle cell
Question: 35
What are fat soluble vitamins ?
Answer: 35
35-48The vitamin which dissolve in fats are called fat soluble vitamins . These are A,D,E AND K
Question: 36
Two uses of carbohydrates .
Answer: 36
36-481:They provide essential nutrients for bacteria in intestinal tract that helps indigestion
2: They regulate the amount of sugar level in our body . Low sugar level in body results in hypoglycemia
Question: 37
Give any two uses of protein .
Answer: 37
37-481: Hides are proteins . These are used to make leather by tanning . Leather is used to make shoes , jackets etc
2: Plants also synthesize proteins such as pulse etc . These are used as food
Question: 38
Define proteins .
Answer: 38
38-48Proteins are highly complicated nitrogenous compounds made up of amino acid
Question: 39
What type of carbohydrates ?
Answer: 39
39-48Carbohydrates are classified as
1: Monosaccharides
2: Oilgosaccharides
3: Polysaccharides
Question: 40
Define lipids
Answer: 40
40-48Lipids are macromolecules made up of fatty acids . Lipids include oil and fats
Question: 41
Who discovered the DNAs structure ?
Answer: 41
41-48Its structure was discovered by J.Watson and F.Crick in 1953
Question: 42
Why we use dextrose in drip ?
Answer: 42
42-48Dextrose is crystallized glucose (natural sugar found in starchy foods ) . It provides simple carbohydrates to the body that can be easily broken down and processed . Dextrose solution is available in several concentrations .
Question: 43
Give any two importance of vitamins?
Answer: 43
43-48Each vitamin plays an important role in the healthy development of our body
Vitamins cannot be assimilated without ingesting food . This is why , it suggested that vitamin must be taken with meal . They help to regulate our body's metabolism
Question: 44
How carbohydrates are considered the source of energy ?
Answer: 44
44-48Carbohydrates provide 17 kilojoules of energy per gram . We take carbohydrates as food . Long chains of starch (carbohydrates ) are broken down into simple sugar (glucose) by digestive enzymes . The glucose is absorbed directly by small intestine into the blood stream . Blood stream transport the glucose to its place of use e.g muscles
Question: 45
How margarine is produced ?
Answer: 45
45-48Margarine is produced by adding hydrogen to vegetable oil at 200 C in the presence of catalyst . The greater the amount of hydrogen used the more solid the margin become
Question: 46
Name two fatty acids with their formula
Answer: 46
46-48C15H31COOH palmitic acid
C17H35COOH stearic acid
Question: 47
What is the cause of rancid butter?
Answer: 47
47-48Rancid butter has a foul smell because of butanoic acid . However the ester of botanic acid have fruity smell
Example methyl butanoate smells like apple and ethyl butanoate smell like pineapple
Question: 48
Describe the hydrogenation of vegetable oil
Answer: 48
48-48Vegetables oil are triester of glycerol and fatty acids of unsaturated long chains . These oils are hydrogenated in the presence of nickel catalyst at 250 to 300 C to form vegetable ghee
